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Australopithecus garhi, 2.5 m.y.a., Ethiopia
Turnbaugh, Jurmain, Kilgore, and Nelson, 8th ed., p. 235
Introduction to
Early
Hominids
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Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 103
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Began (m.y.a.)
Holocene 0.01 (Villafranchian) 1.6
Pleistocene 1.8
Pliocene 5
Miocene 23
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 103
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note climactic change
including the “Ice Age”
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The Pleistocene is
frequently referred
to as
the “Ice Age”
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John E. Pfeiffer, The Emergence of Man, 4th ed. (NY: Harper and Row, 1985), p. 101.
Miocene Pleistocene
Plocene
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Campbell – Loy, Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 327
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http://www.nature.com/news/2004/040927/full/040927-16.html
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Holocene
Pleistocene
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Australopithecines
Homo
habilis
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Australopithecines . . .
– including Paranthropus . . .
(aka Australopithecus robustus)
are also known as“Plio - Pleistocene hominids”
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Began (m.y.a.)
Holocene 0.01 (Villafranchian) 1.6
Pleistocene 1.8
Pliocene 5
Miocene 23
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 103
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Australopithecus
Homo
habilis
Homo erectus
Homo sapiens
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Australopithecus
Homo
habilis
Homo erectus
Homo sapiens
“Moderns”
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Australopithecus
Homo
habilis
Homo erectus
Homo sapiens
Neandertals
“Moderns”
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Australopithecus
Homo
habilis
Homo erectus
Homo sapiens
Pleistocene
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Wűrm glacialRiss glacial
Mindel glacial
Gűnz glacial
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Wisconsin glacialIllinoian glacial
Kansan glacial
Nebraskan glacial
North American Terms
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Weischel glacialSaale glacial
Elster glacial
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Began (m.y.a.)
Holocene 0.01 (Villafranchian) 1.6
Pleistocene 1.8
Pliocene 5
Miocene 23
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 103
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Early HominidsEarly Hominids
•Orrorin•Ardipithecus•Australopithecus
•Paranthropus
• tugenensis• ramidus•anamensis•afarensis•africanus•garhi•aethiopicus•boisei• robustus
Genus Species
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http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?chanID=sa003&articleID=0008EB7D-BC26-1138-BC2683414B7F0000
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Video: Search for the First HumanWeek 07
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Began (m.y.a.)
Holocene 0.01 (Villafranchian) 1.6
Pleistocene 1.8
Pliocene 5
Miocene 23
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed ., p. 103
Plio-Pleistocene hominid = Australopithecus
Orrorin
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Began (m.y.a.)
Holocene 0.01 (Villafranchian) 1.6
Pleistocene 1.8
Pliocene 5
Miocene 23
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 103
Mio-Plio-Pleistocene hominid