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ASTM International
ASTM Standards and Specifications
for Biofuels
August 2008
Jim Olshefsky
ASTM International
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Overview
� About ASTM International
� ASTM/INDECOPI Memorandum of Understanding
� ASTM Standards in Regulation
� ASTM Technical Committees on Petroleum and Biotechnology and their standards for Biofuels and Biomass
� ASTM role in Tri-partite Task Group
� ASTM Training and Proficiency Testing Programs
� ASTM and Peru moving forward
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About ASTM International
� Organized in 1898, largest private sector SDO domiciled in the U.S. and operating globally
� Provides a global forum for the development of voluntary, consensus standards and promotion of related knowledge
� Does not offer certification or accreditation
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About ASTM International
� Headquarters near
Philadelphia
� Staff of 170
� Offices in:
• Washington, DC
• Mexico City, Mexico
• Beijing, China
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ASTM Serves Multiple Sectors
� Metals
� Petroleum and Lubricants
� Environment (air, soil, water)
� Construction Materials
� Consumer Products
� Plastics
� Road and Paving
� Medical and Surgical
Materials and Devices
� Textiles
� Rubber
� Nanotechnology
� Pharmaceutical
Technology
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ASTM MOU Program
MOU countries shown in yellow.
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ASTM MOU Program
� Memorandums of Understanding (MoU) signed with 61 National Standards Bodies
• Provide a full collection of ASTM International standards and an opportunity to join technical committees at no cost
• Offer technical assistance training and opportunities for standards experts to train at ASTM Headquarters
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Peru Participation
� Instituto Nacional de Defensa de la Competencia y de la Protección de la Propiedad Intelectual (INDECOPI) MOU signed June 2003
• Currently 113 members on ASTM
International technical committees and
16 students from Peru
• Over 300 ASTM standards used as
the basis of Peruvian national
standards (85 are for Petroleum)
• Standards Expert from INDECOPI
to visit ASTM for one month in 2008
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ASTM Role in the U.S.
�ASTM standards meet the needs of Government
• Over 3300 ASTM standards are cited in the U.S.
Code of Federal Regulations (Most frequently cited
Standards Development Organization)
�ASTM standards are cited in state and federal laws,
regulations, and listings
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Multiple Paths to International
Standards
� Companies, Industries, Regulators, etc, should be open to choose from a portfolio of international standards
� Efforts must be taken to avoid duplication of effort
� Regulations, agreements, policies that limit standards choices
• Limit competitiveness
• Contradict the WTO TBT Agreement
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ASTM Standards are
International
� ASTM embraces the principles if international standards identified in the World Trade Organization’s Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement, G/TBT/1/REV 8 Section IX:
• Transparency, Relevance, Openness, Coherency, Impartiality and
consensus, Consideration of the concerns of developing countries
� The U.S. – Peru Trade Promotion Agreement identifies
international standards as those complying with these same
principles
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ASTM Standards are
International
� 3,000 ASTM Standards in 75 nations
� 8,000 non-US technical experts from over 125
countries.
� 43 percent of distribution outside of the U.S.
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Overview of CommitteeOverview of CommitteeOverview of CommitteeOverview of Committee
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Committee D02
� Largest ASTM Committee, organized in 1904
� Includes over 2,000 members from 57 countries
� Developer of over 700 petroleum standards that have
helped to provide heat for homes, fuel for automobiles
and airplanes, and lubricants for machinery
� Sponsor of numerous technical publications, laboratory
quality assurance programs and technical and
professional training courses, workshops, and
symposia.
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Committee D02
� Members include:
• Multinational corporations such as China Sinopec,
Brazil Petrobras, TOTAL France, Saudi Aramco
Saudi Arabia, ExxonMobil, ChevronTexaco,
Shell, BP, Independent test labs, Government
labs, Apparatus vendors, Trade Associations
such as Renewable Fuel Association and the
National Biodiesel Board, etc.
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Committee D02 Scope
Products derived from petroleum, coal, shale, tar
sands, such as
Liquid fuels, ....
Liquid and semi-solid lubricants ....
Hydraulic fluids ....
Petroleum Coke ....
Gasous fuels ....
Waxes ....
With exclusions for topics covered by other
committees, such as paving, hydrogen and test cells
Bylaws Article 2:
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Who Develops ASTM International
Committee D02 Standards?
Members from:
Argentina Finland
Australia France
Austria Germany
Bahrain Ghana
Belgium Greece
Brazil India
Canada Indonesia
China Israel
Columbia Italy
Costa Rica Japan
Croatia Jordan
Denmark Korea
Ecuador Kuwait
El Salvador Mexico
Mongolia Saudi Arabia
Netherlands Singapore
Netherlands Ant. South Africa
New Zealand Sri Lanka
Nigeria Switzerland
Norway Taiwan
Oman Thailand
Pakistan Trinidad and Tobago
Panama Turkey
Philippines United Arab Emirates
Poland United Kingdom
Qatar United States
Romania Uruguay
Russia Venezuela
Vietnam
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Who Uses ASTM International
Standards?
Zambia Sri LankaNew ZealandIndiaCosta Rica
Vietnam South Africa NetherlandsIcelandColombia
Venezuela SloveniaMoroccoHong KongChina
UruguaySaudi ArabiaMongolia HondurasChile
United States RussiaMongoliaGuatemalaCanada
United KingdomRomaniaMexicoGhanaBulgaria
UAEPhilippinesMalaysia Germany Brazil
Turkey PeruKenyaFinland Bosnia
TrinidadParaguay JordonEl Salvador Bolivia
Thailand PanamaJapan Egypt Belarus
Tanzania PalestineJamaica Ecuador Bahrain
Taiwan NigeriaIsrael Denmark Australia
Switzerland NicaraguaIndonesia CroatiaAfghanistan
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Subcommittees of Subcommittees of Subcommittees of Subcommittees of
InterestInterestInterestInterest
� Subcommittee A on Gasoline and Gasoline-
Oxygenate Blends
• Over 335 members
• Ethanol specifications included in scope
� Subcommittee E on Burner, Diesel, Non-
Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels
• Over 450 members
• Biodiesel specifications included in scope
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ASTM International Biofuel
Standards
� D4806 – Specification for Denatured Fuel
Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for
Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition
Engine Fuel
� D5798 – Specification for Fuel Ethanol(ED75-
ED85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition
Engines
� D6751 – Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend
Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
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Ethanol –
Summary of Activities
� ASTM Fuel Specifications Governing Ethanol
• D 4806, “Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending
with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel”
This specification covers nominally anhydrous denatured fuel ethanol intended to be
blended with gasoline at 1 to 10 volume % ethanol for use as spark-ignition engine
fuel
• D 4814, “Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine
Fuel”
This specification covers automotive fuels for use in spark-ignition engines. Spark-
ignition engine fuels are gasoline and its blends with oxygenates, including gasoline
containing up to 10 volume % ethanol (E10)
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Ethanol –
Past Activity Highlights
� Revised D 4806 Denatured Fuel Ethanol specification to add 4 ppmsulfate limit & revised test methods
� Updated D 4806 to harmonize max. ethanol denaturant limit with Federal regulations (IRS)
� Modified Driveability Index equation in D 4814 to adjust for effects of ethanol content
� Established E85 Task Group to review and recommend changes to E85 specification
• Issued ballots to remove lead, phosphorus & total chlorine limits,
� Requested ASTM analytical committees to modify certain test methods to accommodate all ranges of ethanol in scope
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� Continue to update and revise ASTM specifications for Denatured Fuel Ethanol (D 4806) & E85 (D 5798)
� Review volatility limits for D 4814 and minimum vapor pressure limits for E85
� Continue work with ASTM analytical subcommittees to have specification-related test methods developed or modified to cover all ranges of ethanol
� Promote Ethanol Interlaboratory Cross-Check Testing Program
Ethanol –
Other Activities
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ASTM Biodiesel
� ASTM Fuel Specification Governing Biodiesel
• D 6751-06, “Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100)
for Middle Distillate Fuels” (Conformance mandated by U.S. EPA)
This specification covers biodiesel (B100) Grades S15 and S500 for use as a
blend component with diesel fuel oils defined by Specification D 975 Grades
1-D, 2-D, and low sulfur 1-D and 2-D
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Definition of Biodiesel is
Performance Based
� ASTM members have insisted the biodiesel
specifications be set on performance in engine
and fuel systems
• Not on the starting feedstock or alcohol
• Not on the particular process used
� Other national biodiesel specifications have not
been set in this way
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Biodiesel –
Past Activity Highlights
� Revised D 6751, B100, to add an oxidation stability requirement
� Lowered the total acid number limit (from 0.8 down to 0.5 mg KOH/g)
� Added limits and information for sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium in B100
� Result: More Compatible with European Norm Biodiesel Spec
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Biodiesel –
Current Activities
� Changes to specifications to allow diesel fuel
and burner fuel blends of B1 to B5 (D 975,
D 396)
� New diesel/biodiesel blend specification for
B6 to B20 (D 7467)
� NOTE: Procedural review on these changes
and new standard is now underway
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Biodiesel –
Future Activities
� Continue to update and revise ASTM
specification, including specification limits,
for biodiesel (D 6751)
� Work to include B100 in the scope and
precision of all specification-related test
methods; i.e., make these test methods
approved for analysis of B100
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Overview of CommitteeOverview of CommitteeOverview of CommitteeOverview of Committee
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Committee E48
� Organized in 1972
� 86 Members
� 3 Technical Subcommittees
� 42 Standards
� International membership
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Subcommittee E48.05 Scope
Test methods for characterizing wood, grasses
and other cellulosics. Includes test methods
and practices for converting cellulose
feedstocks to fuels by enzymes, yeasts and
pyrolysis.
E48.05 on Biomass Conversion
Scope of work includes:
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Rapid Analysis Field Methods
•Live plants
•Non-destructive
•Non-invasive
•Seedlings to flowering
plants
•Genetic screening
•Mobile NIR
spectrometer
•Fixed optics probe
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ASTM Cooperation on Global
Biofuels Standards
� Tripartite initiated at the NIST-INMETRO
Symposium on Biofuels – Washington, DC -- June
29, 2007
• 3 countries participating: Brazil, EU and US
• Bioethanol & Biodiesel Task Forces formed
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Charge to Task ForcesCharge to Task ForcesCharge to Task ForcesCharge to Task Forces
� “Review existing documentary standards and identify areas
where greater compatibility can be achieved in the short and
long term.”
� Charged with classifying existing specifications into three
categories:
� Specifications refer to individual parameters, their values and
related test methods.
Fundamental differences, perhaps due to regional regulation, which are not deemed bridgeable in the foreseeable future
Significant differences between parameters and methods, but which might be aligned by work on the products, standards, and methods
Specifications that are already quite closely aligned
Category CCategory BCategory A
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Challenges
� The effort was technically challenging
� Scope included analysis of standard properties and a comparison of test methods
� ASTM experts are volunteers
� ASTM process is scientifically robust, standards are used globally
• Wish to avoid overlap and duplication of effort
• Little interest in moving this work to another venue
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Results
� White Paper published December 2007
• Although differences exist between the specifications,
they do not necessarily present barriers to trade
• Some differences were the result of regulations
developed in each region
• Differences fall outside of the control of standards
developers
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Related D02 Programs
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ASTM Technical and Professional Training Programs
(Active involvement in Petroleum area)
� Started in mid 80s in response to market needs
� Teaches the performance, use, and application of ASTM Standards, other standards, and standards-related issues.
� 90 participants first year; more than 1500 per year now.
� Public classes and on-site classes.
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Programs for Petroleum Products
and Lubricants (D02)
� Aviation Fuel: Specification and Test Methods
� Gasoline: Specifications, Testing, and
Technology
� Marine Fuels: Specifications, Purchase, Testing,
and Use
� Crude Oil: Sampling, Testing, & Evaluation
� Diesel Fuel: Specifications and Test Methods
More information available on ASTM website about these programs
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Training Venues
� Public Classes
• Open to Anyone
� Private Classes
• Held at a Client’s Site
• Save on Travel Costs
• Lower Per Student Cost
• Less Time Away from the Job
• Training Customized to the Client’s Needs
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Contact Information
� Technical and Professional Training Director:
Scott Murphy
� Phone: (610) 832-9685
� Fax: (610) 832-9668
� Email: [email protected]
� Training web page: www.astm.org/TRAIN/
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ASTM Proficiency Testing ASTM Proficiency Testing ASTM Proficiency Testing ASTM Proficiency Testing
ProgramsProgramsProgramsPrograms
� Designed to provide participating laboratories with a
statistical quality control tool enabling laboratories to
assess their performance in conducting an ASTM test or
series of tests.
� It is a testing program where identical samples are sent
to participating labs where they are analyzed using
standard test methods and results reported for statistical
treatment
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ASTM Proficiency TestingASTM Proficiency TestingASTM Proficiency TestingASTM Proficiency Testing
ProgramsProgramsProgramsPrograms
Globally recognized programs:
� Over 3,000 units of laboratory participation
� Over 40% participation outside continental U. S.
In Peru
� ITS -Intertek Testing Services - Lima, Peru
� Mobil Oil Del Peru S R L - Lima, Peru
The programs are open
to all labs.
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� Provides data for monitoring lab strengths and
weaknesses
� Offers ability to compare results
� Useful internal QA samples
� Satisfy lab accreditation requirements
� Demonstrate testing capability to customers
� Statistics validate ASTM test methods
Benefits of ASTM Benefits of ASTM Benefits of ASTM Benefits of ASTM
Proficiency Testing ProgramsProficiency Testing ProgramsProficiency Testing ProgramsProficiency Testing Programs
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Engine Oil Lubricants#2 Diesel FuelAviation Turbine (Jet A) FuelMotor Gasoline#6 Fuel OilAutomatic Transmission FluidGear OilReformulated GasolineLube AdditivesIndustrial Gear OilTurbine OilLubricating GreaseCrude OilIn-Service Oil Monitoring / Diesel OilBase OilsWaxGeneral Gas OilsUltra-Low Sulfur DieselFuel EthanolBiodieselHydraulic Fluids/OilsIn-service Oil Monitoring – Hydraulic Fluids/Oils
Petroleum
Products
and Lubricants
ASTM Proficiency TestingASTM Proficiency TestingASTM Proficiency TestingASTM Proficiency Testing
ProgramsProgramsProgramsPrograms
Additional
ASTM Programs
provided on
ASTM website
Biodiesel –
D6751 Properties
Fuel Ethanol –
D4806 Properties
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ASTM Proficiency TestingASTM Proficiency TestingASTM Proficiency TestingASTM Proficiency Testing
ProgramsProgramsProgramsPrograms
For more information please contact:
Anne McKlindon
Manager, Proficiency Testing Programs
Phone: (610) 832-9688
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Key Points to Consider
� Open to any individual or body from anywhere in the world
• ASTM/INDECOPI MoU provides free membership
� Producers, users, government, academia, laboratories are equal partners in the process
� Operate under consensus, and all negative ballots must be addressed
� 21,300 technical experts participating
• Representing 125 nations
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Key Points to Consider
� ASTM biofuels standards are already used globally
� In the U.S., they are embedded in the Federal and
State regulatory framework and ensure fuel quality
� ASTM provides a venue, framework and consensus
process, it ensures fairness to all and meets
international requirements
� ASTM experts welcome the opportunity to work
with peers from Latin America
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ASTM International Contacts:
www.astm.org/GLOBAL
� Jim Olshefsky
Director, External Relations
+ 610-832-9714
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Thank youThank you for your interest for your interest
in ASTM Internationalin ASTM International