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ASTM International

ASTM Standards and Specifications

for Biofuels

August 2008

Jim Olshefsky

ASTM International

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Overview

� About ASTM International

� ASTM/INDECOPI Memorandum of Understanding

� ASTM Standards in Regulation

� ASTM Technical Committees on Petroleum and Biotechnology and their standards for Biofuels and Biomass

� ASTM role in Tri-partite Task Group

� ASTM Training and Proficiency Testing Programs

� ASTM and Peru moving forward

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About ASTM International

� Organized in 1898, largest private sector SDO domiciled in the U.S. and operating globally

� Provides a global forum for the development of voluntary, consensus standards and promotion of related knowledge

� Does not offer certification or accreditation

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About ASTM International

� Headquarters near

Philadelphia

� Staff of 170

� Offices in:

• Washington, DC

• Mexico City, Mexico

• Beijing, China

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ASTM Serves Multiple Sectors

� Metals

� Petroleum and Lubricants

� Environment (air, soil, water)

� Construction Materials

� Consumer Products

� Plastics

� Road and Paving

� Medical and Surgical

Materials and Devices

� Textiles

� Rubber

� Nanotechnology

� Pharmaceutical

Technology

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ASTM MOU Program

MOU countries shown in yellow.

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ASTM MOU Program

� Memorandums of Understanding (MoU) signed with 61 National Standards Bodies

• Provide a full collection of ASTM International standards and an opportunity to join technical committees at no cost

• Offer technical assistance training and opportunities for standards experts to train at ASTM Headquarters

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Peru Participation

� Instituto Nacional de Defensa de la Competencia y de la Protección de la Propiedad Intelectual (INDECOPI) MOU signed June 2003

• Currently 113 members on ASTM

International technical committees and

16 students from Peru

• Over 300 ASTM standards used as

the basis of Peruvian national

standards (85 are for Petroleum)

• Standards Expert from INDECOPI

to visit ASTM for one month in 2008

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ASTM Role in the U.S.

�ASTM standards meet the needs of Government

• Over 3300 ASTM standards are cited in the U.S.

Code of Federal Regulations (Most frequently cited

Standards Development Organization)

�ASTM standards are cited in state and federal laws,

regulations, and listings

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Multiple Paths to International

Standards

� Companies, Industries, Regulators, etc, should be open to choose from a portfolio of international standards

� Efforts must be taken to avoid duplication of effort

� Regulations, agreements, policies that limit standards choices

• Limit competitiveness

• Contradict the WTO TBT Agreement

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ASTM Standards are

International

� ASTM embraces the principles if international standards identified in the World Trade Organization’s Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement, G/TBT/1/REV 8 Section IX:

• Transparency, Relevance, Openness, Coherency, Impartiality and

consensus, Consideration of the concerns of developing countries

� The U.S. – Peru Trade Promotion Agreement identifies

international standards as those complying with these same

principles

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ASTM Standards are

International

� 3,000 ASTM Standards in 75 nations

� 8,000 non-US technical experts from over 125

countries.

� 43 percent of distribution outside of the U.S.

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Overview of CommitteeOverview of CommitteeOverview of CommitteeOverview of Committee

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Committee D02

� Largest ASTM Committee, organized in 1904

� Includes over 2,000 members from 57 countries

� Developer of over 700 petroleum standards that have

helped to provide heat for homes, fuel for automobiles

and airplanes, and lubricants for machinery

� Sponsor of numerous technical publications, laboratory

quality assurance programs and technical and

professional training courses, workshops, and

symposia.

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Committee D02

� Members include:

• Multinational corporations such as China Sinopec,

Brazil Petrobras, TOTAL France, Saudi Aramco

Saudi Arabia, ExxonMobil, ChevronTexaco,

Shell, BP, Independent test labs, Government

labs, Apparatus vendors, Trade Associations

such as Renewable Fuel Association and the

National Biodiesel Board, etc.

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Committee D02 Scope

Products derived from petroleum, coal, shale, tar

sands, such as

Liquid fuels, ....

Liquid and semi-solid lubricants ....

Hydraulic fluids ....

Petroleum Coke ....

Gasous fuels ....

Waxes ....

With exclusions for topics covered by other

committees, such as paving, hydrogen and test cells

Bylaws Article 2:

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Who Develops ASTM International

Committee D02 Standards?

Members from:

Argentina Finland

Australia France

Austria Germany

Bahrain Ghana

Belgium Greece

Brazil India

Canada Indonesia

China Israel

Columbia Italy

Costa Rica Japan

Croatia Jordan

Denmark Korea

Ecuador Kuwait

El Salvador Mexico

Mongolia Saudi Arabia

Netherlands Singapore

Netherlands Ant. South Africa

New Zealand Sri Lanka

Nigeria Switzerland

Norway Taiwan

Oman Thailand

Pakistan Trinidad and Tobago

Panama Turkey

Philippines United Arab Emirates

Poland United Kingdom

Qatar United States

Romania Uruguay

Russia Venezuela

Vietnam

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Who Uses ASTM International

Standards?

Zambia Sri LankaNew ZealandIndiaCosta Rica

Vietnam South Africa NetherlandsIcelandColombia

Venezuela SloveniaMoroccoHong KongChina

UruguaySaudi ArabiaMongolia HondurasChile

United States RussiaMongoliaGuatemalaCanada

United KingdomRomaniaMexicoGhanaBulgaria

UAEPhilippinesMalaysia Germany Brazil

Turkey PeruKenyaFinland Bosnia

TrinidadParaguay JordonEl Salvador Bolivia

Thailand PanamaJapan Egypt Belarus

Tanzania PalestineJamaica Ecuador Bahrain

Taiwan NigeriaIsrael Denmark Australia

Switzerland NicaraguaIndonesia CroatiaAfghanistan

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Subcommittees of Subcommittees of Subcommittees of Subcommittees of

InterestInterestInterestInterest

� Subcommittee A on Gasoline and Gasoline-

Oxygenate Blends

• Over 335 members

• Ethanol specifications included in scope

� Subcommittee E on Burner, Diesel, Non-

Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels

• Over 450 members

• Biodiesel specifications included in scope

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ASTM International Biofuel

Standards

� D4806 – Specification for Denatured Fuel

Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for

Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition

Engine Fuel

� D5798 – Specification for Fuel Ethanol(ED75-

ED85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition

Engines

� D6751 – Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend

Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels

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Ethanol –

Summary of Activities

� ASTM Fuel Specifications Governing Ethanol

• D 4806, “Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending

with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel”

This specification covers nominally anhydrous denatured fuel ethanol intended to be

blended with gasoline at 1 to 10 volume % ethanol for use as spark-ignition engine

fuel

• D 4814, “Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine

Fuel”

This specification covers automotive fuels for use in spark-ignition engines. Spark-

ignition engine fuels are gasoline and its blends with oxygenates, including gasoline

containing up to 10 volume % ethanol (E10)

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Ethanol –

Past Activity Highlights

� Revised D 4806 Denatured Fuel Ethanol specification to add 4 ppmsulfate limit & revised test methods

� Updated D 4806 to harmonize max. ethanol denaturant limit with Federal regulations (IRS)

� Modified Driveability Index equation in D 4814 to adjust for effects of ethanol content

� Established E85 Task Group to review and recommend changes to E85 specification

• Issued ballots to remove lead, phosphorus & total chlorine limits,

� Requested ASTM analytical committees to modify certain test methods to accommodate all ranges of ethanol in scope

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� Continue to update and revise ASTM specifications for Denatured Fuel Ethanol (D 4806) & E85 (D 5798)

� Review volatility limits for D 4814 and minimum vapor pressure limits for E85

� Continue work with ASTM analytical subcommittees to have specification-related test methods developed or modified to cover all ranges of ethanol

� Promote Ethanol Interlaboratory Cross-Check Testing Program

Ethanol –

Other Activities

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ASTM Biodiesel

� ASTM Fuel Specification Governing Biodiesel

• D 6751-06, “Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100)

for Middle Distillate Fuels” (Conformance mandated by U.S. EPA)

This specification covers biodiesel (B100) Grades S15 and S500 for use as a

blend component with diesel fuel oils defined by Specification D 975 Grades

1-D, 2-D, and low sulfur 1-D and 2-D

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Definition of Biodiesel is

Performance Based

� ASTM members have insisted the biodiesel

specifications be set on performance in engine

and fuel systems

• Not on the starting feedstock or alcohol

• Not on the particular process used

� Other national biodiesel specifications have not

been set in this way

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Biodiesel –

Past Activity Highlights

� Revised D 6751, B100, to add an oxidation stability requirement

� Lowered the total acid number limit (from 0.8 down to 0.5 mg KOH/g)

� Added limits and information for sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium in B100

� Result: More Compatible with European Norm Biodiesel Spec

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Biodiesel –

Current Activities

� Changes to specifications to allow diesel fuel

and burner fuel blends of B1 to B5 (D 975,

D 396)

� New diesel/biodiesel blend specification for

B6 to B20 (D 7467)

� NOTE: Procedural review on these changes

and new standard is now underway

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Biodiesel –

Future Activities

� Continue to update and revise ASTM

specification, including specification limits,

for biodiesel (D 6751)

� Work to include B100 in the scope and

precision of all specification-related test

methods; i.e., make these test methods

approved for analysis of B100

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Overview of CommitteeOverview of CommitteeOverview of CommitteeOverview of Committee

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Committee E48

� Organized in 1972

� 86 Members

� 3 Technical Subcommittees

� 42 Standards

� International membership

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Subcommittee E48.05 Scope

Test methods for characterizing wood, grasses

and other cellulosics. Includes test methods

and practices for converting cellulose

feedstocks to fuels by enzymes, yeasts and

pyrolysis.

E48.05 on Biomass Conversion

Scope of work includes:

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Rapid Analysis Field Methods

•Live plants

•Non-destructive

•Non-invasive

•Seedlings to flowering

plants

•Genetic screening

•Mobile NIR

spectrometer

•Fixed optics probe

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ASTM Cooperation on Global

Biofuels Standards

� Tripartite initiated at the NIST-INMETRO

Symposium on Biofuels – Washington, DC -- June

29, 2007

• 3 countries participating: Brazil, EU and US

• Bioethanol & Biodiesel Task Forces formed

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Charge to Task ForcesCharge to Task ForcesCharge to Task ForcesCharge to Task Forces

� “Review existing documentary standards and identify areas

where greater compatibility can be achieved in the short and

long term.”

� Charged with classifying existing specifications into three

categories:

� Specifications refer to individual parameters, their values and

related test methods.

Fundamental differences, perhaps due to regional regulation, which are not deemed bridgeable in the foreseeable future

Significant differences between parameters and methods, but which might be aligned by work on the products, standards, and methods

Specifications that are already quite closely aligned

Category CCategory BCategory A

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Challenges

� The effort was technically challenging

� Scope included analysis of standard properties and a comparison of test methods

� ASTM experts are volunteers

� ASTM process is scientifically robust, standards are used globally

• Wish to avoid overlap and duplication of effort

• Little interest in moving this work to another venue

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Results

� White Paper published December 2007

• Although differences exist between the specifications,

they do not necessarily present barriers to trade

• Some differences were the result of regulations

developed in each region

• Differences fall outside of the control of standards

developers

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Related D02 Programs

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ASTM Technical and Professional Training Programs

(Active involvement in Petroleum area)

� Started in mid 80s in response to market needs

� Teaches the performance, use, and application of ASTM Standards, other standards, and standards-related issues.

� 90 participants first year; more than 1500 per year now.

� Public classes and on-site classes.

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Programs for Petroleum Products

and Lubricants (D02)

� Aviation Fuel: Specification and Test Methods

� Gasoline: Specifications, Testing, and

Technology

� Marine Fuels: Specifications, Purchase, Testing,

and Use

� Crude Oil: Sampling, Testing, & Evaluation

� Diesel Fuel: Specifications and Test Methods

More information available on ASTM website about these programs

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Training Venues

� Public Classes

• Open to Anyone

� Private Classes

• Held at a Client’s Site

• Save on Travel Costs

• Lower Per Student Cost

• Less Time Away from the Job

• Training Customized to the Client’s Needs

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Contact Information

� Technical and Professional Training Director:

Scott Murphy

� Phone: (610) 832-9685

� Fax: (610) 832-9668

� Email: smurphy@astm.org

� Training web page: www.astm.org/TRAIN/

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ASTM Proficiency Testing ASTM Proficiency Testing ASTM Proficiency Testing ASTM Proficiency Testing

ProgramsProgramsProgramsPrograms

� Designed to provide participating laboratories with a

statistical quality control tool enabling laboratories to

assess their performance in conducting an ASTM test or

series of tests.

� It is a testing program where identical samples are sent

to participating labs where they are analyzed using

standard test methods and results reported for statistical

treatment

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ASTM Proficiency TestingASTM Proficiency TestingASTM Proficiency TestingASTM Proficiency Testing

ProgramsProgramsProgramsPrograms

Globally recognized programs:

� Over 3,000 units of laboratory participation

� Over 40% participation outside continental U. S.

In Peru

� ITS -Intertek Testing Services - Lima, Peru

� Mobil Oil Del Peru S R L - Lima, Peru

The programs are open

to all labs.

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� Provides data for monitoring lab strengths and

weaknesses

� Offers ability to compare results

� Useful internal QA samples

� Satisfy lab accreditation requirements

� Demonstrate testing capability to customers

� Statistics validate ASTM test methods

Benefits of ASTM Benefits of ASTM Benefits of ASTM Benefits of ASTM

Proficiency Testing ProgramsProficiency Testing ProgramsProficiency Testing ProgramsProficiency Testing Programs

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Engine Oil Lubricants#2 Diesel FuelAviation Turbine (Jet A) FuelMotor Gasoline#6 Fuel OilAutomatic Transmission FluidGear OilReformulated GasolineLube AdditivesIndustrial Gear OilTurbine OilLubricating GreaseCrude OilIn-Service Oil Monitoring / Diesel OilBase OilsWaxGeneral Gas OilsUltra-Low Sulfur DieselFuel EthanolBiodieselHydraulic Fluids/OilsIn-service Oil Monitoring – Hydraulic Fluids/Oils

Petroleum

Products

and Lubricants

ASTM Proficiency TestingASTM Proficiency TestingASTM Proficiency TestingASTM Proficiency Testing

ProgramsProgramsProgramsPrograms

Additional

ASTM Programs

provided on

ASTM website

Biodiesel –

D6751 Properties

Fuel Ethanol –

D4806 Properties

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ASTM Proficiency TestingASTM Proficiency TestingASTM Proficiency TestingASTM Proficiency Testing

ProgramsProgramsProgramsPrograms

For more information please contact:

Anne McKlindon

Manager, Proficiency Testing Programs

amcklind@astm.org

Phone: (610) 832-9688

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Key Points to Consider

� Open to any individual or body from anywhere in the world

• ASTM/INDECOPI MoU provides free membership

� Producers, users, government, academia, laboratories are equal partners in the process

� Operate under consensus, and all negative ballots must be addressed

� 21,300 technical experts participating

• Representing 125 nations

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Key Points to Consider

� ASTM biofuels standards are already used globally

� In the U.S., they are embedded in the Federal and

State regulatory framework and ensure fuel quality

� ASTM provides a venue, framework and consensus

process, it ensures fairness to all and meets

international requirements

� ASTM experts welcome the opportunity to work

with peers from Latin America

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ASTM International Contacts:

www.astm.org/GLOBAL

� Jim Olshefsky

Director, External Relations

jolshefs@astm.org

+ 610-832-9714

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Thank youThank you for your interest for your interest

in ASTM Internationalin ASTM International