Institute for Regional Development Planning, University of Stuttgart
Applying Remote Sensing and GIS on Monitoring andApplying Remote Sensing and GIS on Monitoring and Measuring Urban Sprawl –A Case Study of China
Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop
OutlineOutline
R h B k d d Obj tiResearch Background and Objectives
Urban sprawl in perspectiveUrban sprawl in perspective
Research Area and Data SourceResearch Area and Data Source
Methodology of Researchgy
Results and Discussion
Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop
Research BackgroundResearch Background
The understanding on urban sprawl in China still rest onThe understanding on urban sprawl in China still rest onqualitative discussion instead of quantitative analysis. There is noclear answer to identify sprawl and evaluate the extent of sprawlc ea a swe to de t y sp aw a d eva uate t e e te t o sp aw
To find good ways for analyzing the spatial features and uniquemechanism of urban sprawl with Chinese context is very important
Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop
Research ObjectivesResearch Objectives
Monitoring urban sprawl in research area using remote sensing classified images and identifying the basic patterns of urban sprawl
What happen?identifying the basic patterns of urban sprawl in research area.
Analysing the internal and external driver forces of urban sprawl and determining the main factors led to urban sprawl in research
Why happen?main factors led to urban sprawl in research area.
Reviewing on some methods for measurement urban sprawl and measuring the extent of urban sprawl using different dimensional
How happen?p g
indicators based on GIS in research area.
Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop
uncontrolled or
spreading from urban area to rural area
uncontrolled or unplanned extension
Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop
Urban sprawl in perspectivep p p
Across states and cities of Europe and North America there is a growing awarenessof ,and concern about urban sprawl. How to measure urban sprawl is becoming ahot spot of researchhot spot of research.
Some research organizations have put forward their indicators for measuringurban sprawl (Sierra Club,1998;USA Today,2001;Smart Growthp ( , ; y, ;American,2002;European Environment Agency,2006)
Besides, many scholars focus on using indicators to measure urban sprawl byi i i i i i i G S i i i i iestablishing multi-dimensional indicators by GIS analysis or descriptive statistical
analysis (Nelson,1999;Kline J D, 2001; Paul M Torrens,2000; Kolankiewicz, et al.,2001; Galster et al.,2001; Ewing et al.,2002; Anthony,2004;Song etal 2004;Tsai 2005; Frenkel et al 2005; Marjo Kasanko 2006; Scheider A etal.,2004;Tsai,2005; Frenkel et al., 2005; Marjo Kasanko,2006; Scheider,A. etal.,2008; Siedentop,S. et al., 2008 )
Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop
Urban sprawl in perspectiveUrban sprawl in perspective
Until now, a lot of researches just focus on the urban expansion in China, few studies on measuring urban sprawl (Yeh and Li,2001; Jiang Fang et al.,2006;Huang,2006;Xi Jun Yu et al.,2007), )
In short, the research on urban sprawl in China is still in a preliminary stage, the basic characteristics of urban sprawl in China have no explicit expression, and the reveal of its internal mechanisms has been maintained in the level of empiricism
Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop
Research AreaResearch Area
China
Jiangning County
Jiangsu Province Nanjing City
Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop
Research Area
Urban sprawl in Europe – identifying the challengeDipl. Geogr. Stefan Fina, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentopwww.uni-stuttgart.de/ireus Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop
Data Source
Spatial AssessName
Spatial
Resolution(m)
Assess
Time1979 08 06Remote
Sensing Data TM 30m
1979.08.061988.07.051998 10 181998.10.18
2003.07.31
1996 2008Population data
Socio-economic data Other data
1996-2008
1996-2008
SoftwareArcGIS 9 2 (ArcInfo)ArcGIS 9.2 (ArcInfo)Erdas 8.7
Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop
Landsat TM ImagesLandsat TM Images
1988.07.05
1979.08.06
1997.10.182003.07.31
Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop
Sub-images of research areaSub images of research area
1979.08.06
1977.07.05
2003 07 31
1997.10.18
Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop
2003.07.31
Methodology of ResearchMethodology of Research
The spatial patterns of urbansprawl over different timeperiods can be monitored from
Remote sensingperiods ,can be monitored fromremotely sensed data
GISFundamental in analyzing land cover data ,and in the
l l ti f th i di tcalculation of the indicators
Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop
Remote sensing image g gclassification
Remote sensing images
Construction of Feature Space
Choosing Training Area
Not Satisfied
Testing Training Results
Conditions
Classifying Pixel Categorybased on MLC
Satisfied Conditions
MLC: Maximum Likelihood
C ifi i
Classification Results
Classification
Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop
Built-up area information pextraction
Remote Sensing Image
Image Preprocessing
Image Classification
Built-up Area Extraction
As indicator to measure urban sprawl
Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop
Classified imagesClassified images
1979 1988
Build-up Area
Water AreaWater Area
Other Areas1997 2003
Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop
The patterns of urban sprawlThe patterns of urban sprawl
Scattere
development
Linear Strip
development
Polynucleated
development
Leapfrogging
development
Compact
development
(From Galster et al. , 2001)
p p
Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop
The patterns of urban sprawlin research area
Sprawling area in the north part is larger than thatin the southern
Severer sprawling areas include the marginal areanear suburbs, etc. 2003
Three sprawling patterns are identified: randomlyexpansion at urban fringe, scattered development ofexpansion at urban fringe, scattered development ofindustrial land and leapfrog development of urbanresidence area.
1979
Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop
Impact phenomena caused by changes f f l d tt d d it
impacts/outcomes
of surface, land use pattern and density
Loss/Degradation of Prime Farmland
surface-related impacts impacts/outcomes(examples)
Surface Characteristics
Landscape Fragmentation Contribution to urban heat island density-related impacts
Negative impacts on aquatic systems
Urban DensityLand Use Pattern
Higher travel distances
pattern-related impacts
Less cost-efficient publictransit
Higher development costs(infrastructure)
Automobile dependencepattern-related impacts
(From the research result of S SIEDENTOP S FINA)
Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop
(From the research result of S.SIEDENTOP,S.FINA)
Measuring urban sprawl usingdifferent indicators
Indicators of Measuring Urban Sprawl
Surface Pattern Density
Total area
Total built-up area
The shape change of built-up area
Fragmentation
Urban density
The change of urban The area change of
built-up area
Fragmentation
Open space efficiencydensity
Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop
Results and DiscussionResults and Discussion
High sprawlHigh sprawl
Moderate sprawl
Low sprawl
Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop
Results and DiscussionResults and Discussion
This study demonstrated that the application of remote sensing onmonitoring the urban sprawl in different periods Timely and accuratemonitoring the urban sprawl in different periods. Timely and accuratemonitoring is very important to understand the relationships andinteractions between human and natural phenomena and it can promoteefficiencyefficiency.
GIS reveals spatial patterns of urban sprawl by measuring differentdimensional indicatorsdimensional indicators.
Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop
M h k fM h k fMany thanks for Many thanks for your attentionyour attention!!yy