Institute for Regional Development Planning, University of Stuttgart

Applying Remote Sensing and GIS on Monitoring andApplying Remote Sensing and GIS on Monitoring and Measuring Urban Sprawl –A Case Study of China

Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop

OutlineOutline

R h B k d d Obj tiResearch Background and Objectives

Urban sprawl in perspectiveUrban sprawl in perspective

Research Area and Data SourceResearch Area and Data Source

Methodology of Researchgy

Results and Discussion

Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop

Research BackgroundResearch Background

The understanding on urban sprawl in China still rest onThe understanding on urban sprawl in China still rest onqualitative discussion instead of quantitative analysis. There is noclear answer to identify sprawl and evaluate the extent of sprawlc ea a swe to de t y sp aw a d eva uate t e e te t o sp aw

To find good ways for analyzing the spatial features and uniquemechanism of urban sprawl with Chinese context is very important

Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop

Research ObjectivesResearch Objectives

Monitoring urban sprawl in research area using remote sensing classified images and identifying the basic patterns of urban sprawl

What happen?identifying the basic patterns of urban sprawl in research area.

Analysing the internal and external driver forces of urban sprawl and determining the main factors led to urban sprawl in research

Why happen?main factors led to urban sprawl in research area.

Reviewing on some methods for measurement urban sprawl and measuring the extent of urban sprawl using different dimensional

How happen?p g

indicators based on GIS in research area.

Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop

uncontrolled or

spreading from urban area to rural area

uncontrolled or unplanned extension

Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop

Urban sprawl in perspectivep p p

Across states and cities of Europe and North America there is a growing awarenessof ,and concern about urban sprawl. How to measure urban sprawl is becoming ahot spot of researchhot spot of research.

Some research organizations have put forward their indicators for measuringurban sprawl (Sierra Club,1998;USA Today,2001;Smart Growthp ( , ; y, ;American,2002;European Environment Agency,2006)

Besides, many scholars focus on using indicators to measure urban sprawl byi i i i i i i G S i i i i iestablishing multi-dimensional indicators by GIS analysis or descriptive statistical

analysis (Nelson,1999;Kline J D, 2001; Paul M Torrens,2000; Kolankiewicz, et al.,2001; Galster et al.,2001; Ewing et al.,2002; Anthony,2004;Song etal 2004;Tsai 2005; Frenkel et al 2005; Marjo Kasanko 2006; Scheider A etal.,2004;Tsai,2005; Frenkel et al., 2005; Marjo Kasanko,2006; Scheider,A. etal.,2008; Siedentop,S. et al., 2008 )

Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop

Urban sprawl in perspectiveUrban sprawl in perspective

Until now, a lot of researches just focus on the urban expansion in China, few studies on measuring urban sprawl (Yeh and Li,2001; Jiang Fang et al.,2006;Huang,2006;Xi Jun Yu et al.,2007), )

In short, the research on urban sprawl in China is still in a preliminary stage, the basic characteristics of urban sprawl in China have no explicit expression, and the reveal of its internal mechanisms has been maintained in the level of empiricism

Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop

Research AreaResearch Area

China

Jiangning County

Jiangsu Province Nanjing City

Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop

Research Area

Urban sprawl in Europe – identifying the challengeDipl. Geogr. Stefan Fina, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentopwww.uni-stuttgart.de/ireus Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop

Data Source

Spatial AssessName

Spatial

Resolution(m)

Assess

Time1979 08 06Remote

Sensing Data TM 30m

1979.08.061988.07.051998 10 181998.10.18

2003.07.31

1996 2008Population data

Socio-economic data Other data

1996-2008

1996-2008

SoftwareArcGIS 9 2 (ArcInfo)ArcGIS 9.2 (ArcInfo)Erdas 8.7

Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop

Landsat TM ImagesLandsat TM Images

1988.07.05

1979.08.06

1997.10.182003.07.31

Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop

Sub-images of research areaSub images of research area

1979.08.06

1977.07.05

2003 07 31

1997.10.18

Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop

2003.07.31

Methodology of ResearchMethodology of Research

The spatial patterns of urbansprawl over different timeperiods can be monitored from

Remote sensingperiods ,can be monitored fromremotely sensed data

GISFundamental in analyzing land cover data ,and in the

l l ti f th i di tcalculation of the indicators

Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop

Remote sensing image g gclassification

Remote sensing images

Construction of Feature Space

Choosing Training Area

Not Satisfied

Testing Training Results

Conditions

Classifying Pixel Categorybased on MLC

Satisfied Conditions

MLC: Maximum Likelihood

C ifi i

Classification Results

Classification

Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop

Built-up area information pextraction

Remote Sensing Image

Image Preprocessing

Image Classification

Built-up Area Extraction

As indicator to measure urban sprawl

Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop

Classified imagesClassified images

1979 1988

Build-up Area

Water AreaWater Area

Other Areas1997 2003

Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop

The patterns of urban sprawlThe patterns of urban sprawl

Scattere

development

Linear Strip

development

Polynucleated

development

Leapfrogging

development

Compact

development

(From Galster et al. , 2001)

p p

Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop

The patterns of urban sprawlin research area

Sprawling area in the north part is larger than thatin the southern

Severer sprawling areas include the marginal areanear suburbs, etc. 2003

Three sprawling patterns are identified: randomlyexpansion at urban fringe, scattered development ofexpansion at urban fringe, scattered development ofindustrial land and leapfrog development of urbanresidence area.

1979

Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop

Impact phenomena caused by changes f f l d tt d d it

impacts/outcomes

of surface, land use pattern and density

Loss/Degradation of Prime Farmland

surface-related impacts impacts/outcomes(examples)

Surface Characteristics

Landscape Fragmentation Contribution to urban heat island density-related impacts

Negative impacts on aquatic systems

Urban DensityLand Use Pattern

Higher travel distances

pattern-related impacts

Less cost-efficient publictransit

Higher development costs(infrastructure)

Automobile dependencepattern-related impacts

(From the research result of S SIEDENTOP S FINA)

Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop

(From the research result of S.SIEDENTOP,S.FINA)

Measuring urban sprawl usingdifferent indicators

Indicators of Measuring Urban Sprawl

Surface Pattern Density

Total area

Total built-up area

The shape change of built-up area

Fragmentation

Urban density

The change of urban The area change of

built-up area

Fragmentation

Open space efficiencydensity

Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop

Results and DiscussionResults and Discussion

High sprawlHigh sprawl

Moderate sprawl

Low sprawl

Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop

Results and DiscussionResults and Discussion

This study demonstrated that the application of remote sensing onmonitoring the urban sprawl in different periods Timely and accuratemonitoring the urban sprawl in different periods. Timely and accuratemonitoring is very important to understand the relationships andinteractions between human and natural phenomena and it can promoteefficiencyefficiency.

GIS reveals spatial patterns of urban sprawl by measuring differentdimensional indicatorsdimensional indicators.

Feng li, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop

M h k fM h k fMany thanks for Many thanks for your attentionyour attention！！yy