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ANCIENT EGYPTANCIENT EGYPT
Land of the NileLand of the Nile
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Periods Time FrameNile Culture
Begins3900 B. C. E.
Archaic 3100 – 2650 B. C. E.
Old Kingdom 2650 – 2134 B. C. E.
Middle Kingdom 2040 – 1640 B. C. E.
New Kingdom 1550 – 1070 B. C. E.
Late Period 750 – 332 B. C. E.
Greek Ptolemaic Era
332 – 30 B. C. E.
Roman Period 30 B. C. E. – 395 C. E.
Historical Periods
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Egypt by SatelliteEgypt by Satellite
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The Nile River ValleyThe Nile River Valley
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The Flooding of the NileThe Flooding of the Nile
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Irrigation
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Creation MythCreation Myth
At first, there was only At first, there was only NunNun. . Nun was the dark waters of Nun was the dark waters of chaoschaos. .
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Creation MythCreation Myth
One day, a hill rose up out of One day, a hill rose up out of the waters. This hill was the waters. This hill was called Ben-Ben. On this hill called Ben-Ben. On this hill stood stood AtumAtum, the first god., the first god.
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Creation MythCreation Myth
Atum coughed and spat out Atum coughed and spat out ShuShu, the god of the air, and , the god of the air, and TefnutTefnut, the goddess of , the goddess of moisture.moisture.
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Creation MythCreation Myth
Shu and Tefnut had two Shu and Tefnut had two children. children.
First, there was First, there was GebGeb, the god , the god of theof the
earth. Then, there was earth. Then, there was NutNut, , the goddessthe goddess
of the sky. of the sky.
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Creation MythCreation Myth
Shu lifted Nut up so that she became Shu lifted Nut up so that she became
a canopy over Geb.a canopy over Geb.
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Creation MythCreation Myth
Nut and Geb had four children Nut and Geb had four children named named Osiris, Isis, SethOsiris, Isis, Seth and and NephthysNephthys. Osiris was the king of . Osiris was the king of the earth and Isis was the queen.the earth and Isis was the queen.
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Creation MythCreation Myth
Osiris was a good king, and he Osiris was a good king, and he ruled overruled over
The earth for many years.The earth for many years.
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Creation MythCreation Myth
However, everything was not However, everything was not well. Sethwell. Seth
was jealous of Osiris because was jealous of Osiris because he wantedhe wanted
to be the ruler of the earth. to be the ruler of the earth.
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Creation MythCreation Myth
Seth grewSeth grewangrier and angrier and angrier until one angrier until one day he killedday he killedOsiris.Osiris.
Osiris went down into Osiris went down into
the underworld and the underworld and
Seth remained on Seth remained on
earth and became king.earth and became king.
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Creation MythCreation Myth
Osiris and Isis had one son Osiris and Isis had one son called called HorusHorus..
Horus battled against Seth Horus battled against Seth andand
regained the throne.regained the throne.
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Creation MythCreation Myth
After that, Horus was the king After that, Horus was the king of theof the
earth and Osiris was the king earth and Osiris was the king of theof the
underworld. underworld.
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CosmosCosmos
godsgods spirits of deceased humansspirits of deceased humans existed in divine realm, had existed in divine realm, had
many of gods’ abilitiesmany of gods’ abilities living humansliving humans pharaoh most important, bridged pharaoh most important, bridged
human and divine worldshuman and divine worlds
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MaatMaat Maat or ma’at was the Egyptian concept of Maat or ma’at was the Egyptian concept of
truth, truth, balancebalance,, order order, law, morality, and , law, morality, and justice.justice.
Maat was also personified as a goddess Maat was also personified as a goddess
regulating the stars, seasons, and the regulating the stars, seasons, and the actions actions
of both mortals and the deities, who of both mortals and the deities, who set set the the
order of the universe fromorder of the universe from chaos at the chaos at the
moment of creation.moment of creation.
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MaatMaat
associated with timeassociated with time cyclical pattern of renewal to cyclical pattern of renewal to
maintain Maatmaintain Maat annual Nile floodannual Nile flood succession of kingssuccession of kings daily journey of sun god Radaily journey of sun god Ra
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Journey of RaJourney of Ra
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Soul and BodySoul and Body
The Ancient Egyptians believed that a human soul was made up of five parts: the Ren, the Ba, the Ka, the Sheut, and the Ib.
In addition to these components of the soul there was the human body, called the ha, meaning approximately the sum of bodily parts.
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Representation of the Representation of the SoulSoul
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Ib: The HeartIb: The Heart
important part of the soulimportant part of the soul
seat of emotion, thought, will, seat of emotion, thought, will, and intentionand intention
key to the afterlifekey to the afterlife
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Social Classes
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24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols
Hieroglyphics
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Papyrus
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Daily Life
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Middle Class Home
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Peasant Home
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Nobility
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Egyptian Beauty
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Scribe
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Priest
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1. Linen 6. Natron2. Sawdust 7. Onion3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads5. Resin 10. Frankincense
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Mummification
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Valley of the KingsValley of the Kings
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Pyramids at GizaPyramids at Giza
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Great Pyramid of KhufuGreat Pyramid of Khufu
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Great SphinxGreat Sphinx
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King TutKing Tut
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Opening of the Mouth Opening of the Mouth From the Book of the Dead
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Opening of the Mouth Opening of the Mouth CeremonyCeremony
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Solar Bark
A Boat for the Journey to the AfterlifeA Boat for the Journey to the Afterlife
Boat from a Pharaoh’s Tomb
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The Weighing of the The Weighing of the HeartHeart
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Final Judgment of the Final Judgment of the DeadDead