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  • R. J. Raynes 1

    PRACTICAL EXAM #9 ALKALOIDS Pyridine-Piperidine Alkaloids Name Scientific Name Family Synonyms Part Used Constituents Uses

    Areca Areca catechu Arecaceae Areca nut/ Bunga Betel nut/palm

    Dried ripe seed Arecoline (liquid) Guvacine

    Antihelminthic taenicide Masticatory

    Pomegranate Punica granatum Punicaceae Grenadier, Granada Cartagenian apple

    Dried bark of stem and roots

    Pelletierine (liquid)

    Antihelminthic For hemorrhoids

    Tropane Alkaloids Name Scientific Name Family Synonyms Part Used Constituents Uses

    Belladonna Atropa belladonna Solanaceae Deadly nightshade Dried leaf and flowering/ fruiting tops

    Atropine Hyoscyamine Scopoletin

    Antimuscarinic/ parasympatholytic Antispasmodic

    Hyoscyamus Hyoscyamus niger Solanaceae Henbane Stinking Nightshade

    Dried leaf with or without stem Flowering/ fruiting tops

    Scopolamine (hyoscine)

    For urinary tract spasms Antivertigo

    Stramonium Datura stramonium Solanaceae Jimson weed Jamestown weed Thornapple

    Dried leaf and flowering/ fruiting tops with branches

    Hyoscyamine Hyoscine (scopolamine)

    Antiasthma cigarettes Disorders of ANS Can cause hallucinations/ euphoria

    Talumpunay Datura alba D. metel D. fastuosa

    Solanaceae Katsobong Talongpunay Thornampple

    Dried leaves, flowers, seeds, fruits

    Hyoscyamine Hyoscine Atropine

    Antiasthma cigarettes Antispasmodic

    Quinoline Alkaloids Name Scientific Name Family Synonyms Part Used Constituents Uses

    Dita Alstonia scholaris Apocynaceae Tagitan Dalipaoen

    Dried bark Ditaine Ditamine Equitine

    Effective substitute for quinine Antipyretic

    Cinchona Cinchona succiruba C. calisaya

    Rubiaceae Red cinchona Yellow cinchona

    Dried bark of stem or root

    Quinine Quinidine

    Antimalarial Prophylaxis of cardiac arrhythmias/ atrial fibrillation

    Isoquinoline Alkaloids Name Scientific Name Family Synonyms Part Used Constituents Uses

    Hydrastis Hydrastis canadensis Ranunculaceae Golden seal Orange root

    Dried rhizome and roots

    Hydrastine Beberine Canadine

    Astringent for inflammation Uterine hemorrhage Used locally in GUI

    Ipecac Cephaelis acuminata C. ipecacuanha

    Rubiaceae Cartegena/ Panama ipecac Rio/ Brazilian Ipecac

    Dried rhizome and roots

    Cephaeline Emetine Psychotrine

    Emetic For amoebic dysentery

    Indole Alkaloids Name Scientific Name Family Synonyms Part Used Constituents Uses

    Nux vomica Strychnos nux-vomica Loganiaceae Quaker/ dog button Poison nut

    Dried ripe seed Strychnine Brucine Loganin

    Formerly used as circulator stimulant, rat poison Respiratory stimulant Barbiturate antidote

    Ignatia Strychnos ignatii Loganiaceae St. Ignatius bean/ poison nut Catbalogan

    Dried ripe seed Strychnine Brucine

    Same use as nux vomica/ Do not substitute Used in poison arrows

    Ergot Claviceps purpurea Secale cereal

    Clavicipitaceae Poaceae

    Spurred rye Cockspur rye Rye smut

    Dried sclerotium of fungus on rye plant

    Clavine Ergometrine Ergotamine

    Used in labor to assist delivery, reduce post-partum hemorrhage

    Calabar bean Physostigma venenosum

    Fabaceae Ordeal Bean Physostigma

    Dried ripe seeds Physostigmine Calabatine Physovenine

    Miotic Reverses effect of sedatives For Alzheimers

  • R. J. Raynes 2

    Imidazole Alkaloids Name Scientific Name Family Synonyms Part Used Constituents Uses

    Pilocarpus Pilocarpous jaborandi P. microphyllus P. pinnatifolius

    Rutaceae Jaborandi ibiratay Arauda brava

    Dried leaflets Pilocarpine Pilocarpidine

    Antidote for atropine poisoning Miosis

    Steroidal Alkaloids Name Scientific Name Family Synonyms Part Used Constituents Uses

    Veratrum viride

    Veratrum viride Liliaceae American/ Green Hellebore Tickleweed

    Dried rhizome and roots

    Cevadine Pseudojervine Germine

    Hypotensive, cardiac depressant, sedative

    Aconite Acontium napellus Ranunculaceae Monkshood Wolfshane root Soldiers cap

    Dried tuberous root Aconitine Neoline

    Potent, quick-acting poison Hypotensive Formerly used in liniment for migraine, headache

    Alkaloidal Amines Name Scientific Name Family Synonyms Part Used Constituents Uses

    Colchicum Colchicum autumnale

    Liliaceae Autumn crocus Meadow saffron Naked lady

    Dried ripe seeds and corms

    Colchicine Anti-miotic Antigout

    Xanthine Alkaloids Name Scientific Name Family Synonyms Part Used Constituents Uses

    Coffee Coffea arabica C. liberica

    Rubiaceae Caf Coffee bean/ seed

    Dried ripe seeds Caffeine Trigonelline Caffeol (aroma)

    Dietetic, stimulant Diuretic Treatment of CNS depressants

    Kola Kola nitida Sterculiaceae Bitchy/ Bissy nut Kola nut

    Dried cotyledon Caffeine Theobromine Kolatannin

    Stimulant in fatigue ingredient in carbonated beverages Mild chronotropic

    Cacao Theobroma cacao Sterculiaceae Chocolate Cocoa bean

    Dried ripe seed Theobromine Caffeine

    Weak stimulant, potent diuretic Smooth muscle relaxant, antioxidant

    Tea Camellia sinensis Theaceae Tsha Thea

    Prepared leaves and leaf buds

    Caffeine Theophylline Theobromine

    Stimulant Astringent antioxidant


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