R. J. Raynes 1

PRACTICAL EXAM #9 ALKALOIDS Pyridine-Piperidine Alkaloids Name Scientific Name Family Synonyms Part Used Constituents Uses

Areca Areca catechu Arecaceae Areca nut/ Bunga Betel nut/palm

Dried ripe seed Arecoline (liquid) Guvacine

Antihelminthic taenicide Masticatory

Pomegranate Punica granatum Punicaceae Grenadier, Granada Cartagenian apple

Dried bark of stem and roots

Pelletierine (liquid)

Antihelminthic For hemorrhoids

Tropane Alkaloids Name Scientific Name Family Synonyms Part Used Constituents Uses

Belladonna Atropa belladonna Solanaceae Deadly nightshade Dried leaf and flowering/ fruiting tops

Atropine Hyoscyamine Scopoletin

Antimuscarinic/ parasympatholytic Antispasmodic

Hyoscyamus Hyoscyamus niger Solanaceae Henbane Stinking Nightshade

Dried leaf with or without stem Flowering/ fruiting tops

Scopolamine (hyoscine)

For urinary tract spasms Antivertigo

Stramonium Datura stramonium Solanaceae Jimson weed Jamestown weed Thornapple

Dried leaf and flowering/ fruiting tops with branches

Hyoscyamine Hyoscine (scopolamine)

Antiasthma cigarettes Disorders of ANS Can cause hallucinations/ euphoria

Talumpunay Datura alba D. metel D. fastuosa

Solanaceae Katsobong Talongpunay Thornampple

Dried leaves, flowers, seeds, fruits

Hyoscyamine Hyoscine Atropine

Antiasthma cigarettes Antispasmodic

Quinoline Alkaloids Name Scientific Name Family Synonyms Part Used Constituents Uses

Dita Alstonia scholaris Apocynaceae Tagitan Dalipaoen

Dried bark Ditaine Ditamine Equitine

Effective substitute for quinine Antipyretic

Cinchona Cinchona succiruba C. calisaya

Rubiaceae Red cinchona Yellow cinchona

Dried bark of stem or root

Quinine Quinidine

Antimalarial Prophylaxis of cardiac arrhythmias/ atrial fibrillation

Isoquinoline Alkaloids Name Scientific Name Family Synonyms Part Used Constituents Uses

Hydrastis Hydrastis canadensis Ranunculaceae Golden seal Orange root

Dried rhizome and roots

Hydrastine Beberine Canadine

Astringent for inflammation Uterine hemorrhage Used locally in GUI

Ipecac Cephaelis acuminata C. ipecacuanha

Rubiaceae Cartegena/ Panama ipecac Rio/ Brazilian Ipecac

Dried rhizome and roots

Cephaeline Emetine Psychotrine

Emetic For amoebic dysentery

Indole Alkaloids Name Scientific Name Family Synonyms Part Used Constituents Uses

Nux vomica Strychnos nux-vomica Loganiaceae Quaker/ dog button Poison nut

Dried ripe seed Strychnine Brucine Loganin

Formerly used as circulator stimulant, rat poison Respiratory stimulant Barbiturate antidote

Ignatia Strychnos ignatii Loganiaceae St. Ignatius bean/ poison nut Catbalogan

Dried ripe seed Strychnine Brucine

Same use as nux vomica/ Do not substitute Used in poison arrows

Ergot Claviceps purpurea Secale cereal

Clavicipitaceae Poaceae

Spurred rye Cockspur rye Rye smut

Dried sclerotium of fungus on rye plant

Clavine Ergometrine Ergotamine

Used in labor to assist delivery, reduce post-partum hemorrhage

Calabar bean Physostigma venenosum

Fabaceae Ordeal Bean Physostigma

Dried ripe seeds Physostigmine Calabatine Physovenine

Miotic Reverses effect of sedatives For Alzheimers

R. J. Raynes 2

Imidazole Alkaloids Name Scientific Name Family Synonyms Part Used Constituents Uses

Pilocarpus Pilocarpous jaborandi P. microphyllus P. pinnatifolius

Rutaceae Jaborandi ibiratay Arauda brava

Dried leaflets Pilocarpine Pilocarpidine

Antidote for atropine poisoning Miosis

Steroidal Alkaloids Name Scientific Name Family Synonyms Part Used Constituents Uses

Veratrum viride

Veratrum viride Liliaceae American/ Green Hellebore Tickleweed

Dried rhizome and roots

Cevadine Pseudojervine Germine

Hypotensive, cardiac depressant, sedative

Aconite Acontium napellus Ranunculaceae Monkshood Wolfshane root Soldiers cap

Dried tuberous root Aconitine Neoline

Potent, quick-acting poison Hypotensive Formerly used in liniment for migraine, headache

Alkaloidal Amines Name Scientific Name Family Synonyms Part Used Constituents Uses

Colchicum Colchicum autumnale

Liliaceae Autumn crocus Meadow saffron Naked lady

Dried ripe seeds and corms

Colchicine Anti-miotic Antigout

Xanthine Alkaloids Name Scientific Name Family Synonyms Part Used Constituents Uses

Coffee Coffea arabica C. liberica

Rubiaceae Caf Coffee bean/ seed

Dried ripe seeds Caffeine Trigonelline Caffeol (aroma)

Dietetic, stimulant Diuretic Treatment of CNS depressants

Kola Kola nitida Sterculiaceae Bitchy/ Bissy nut Kola nut

Dried cotyledon Caffeine Theobromine Kolatannin

Stimulant in fatigue ingredient in carbonated beverages Mild chronotropic

Cacao Theobroma cacao Sterculiaceae Chocolate Cocoa bean

Dried ripe seed Theobromine Caffeine

Weak stimulant, potent diuretic Smooth muscle relaxant, antioxidant

Tea Camellia sinensis Theaceae Tsha Thea

Prepared leaves and leaf buds

Caffeine Theophylline Theobromine

Stimulant Astringent antioxidant