saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademia
#5, noemberi, 2017
u w y e b e b iena, mamuli, sarwmunoeba _ ojaxi, zneoba, tradicia
codna, ganaTleba, ganswavla _ erTguleba, siyvaruli, Tanadgoma
a k a d e m i i s
akademikosi elizbar javeliZe
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis erovnul problemaTa Semswavleli mudmivmoqmedi komisiis angariSi
qarTveli eris vinaobis, TviTobis da saerTod, yofnaaryofnis problema dRes saocari simwvaviT dgas.
sagangaSo is aris, rom moZalade mterma saxe icvala da keTili angelozis saxiT gvevlineba: xmlis nacvlad, nugbariT savse sinas gvawvdis da aTasgvar sikeTes gvpirdeba: Tavisuflebas mogapovebinebTo, demokratiul faseulebebs SegaswavliTo da Tanamedrove drois vargisad gaqcevTo.
Tanamedrove drois vargisoba, maTi azriT ki sxva araferia, Tu ara samSoblos siyvarulze, erovnul tradiciebsa da faseulobebze, qarTul mentalitetze, zneobasa da namdvil adamianobaze uaris Tqma.
ai, es aris is ideologia, romelic msoflios warRvnad daatyda Tavs da pirdapir mimarTulia qarTveli eris mosaspobad.
Seteva xorcieldeba ZiriTadad ori: fizikuri da sulieri mimarTulebiT.
I fizikur doneze yvelaferi keTdeba, rom qarTveli mosaxleobis raodenoba Semcirdes: a) qarTvel dedas STaagoneben, rom or Svilze metis gaCena cxovelobaa. b) SesaSurad saocrad imata kanonierma Tu ukanono abortma. aTasobiT Cvili dedis mucelSive sasikvdilod iwireba. g) mZime ekonomiuri pirobebis gamo didia qarTvelTa gadineba da piruku, gaizarda ucxo tomelTa Camosaxleba da damkvidrebis procesi: sul mcire xanSi qarTvelebi Tavis samSobloSi umciresobaSi aRmoCndebian.
ganukiTxavad iyideba saqarTvelos saxelmwifos simdidreebi: gapartaxda fabrikaqarxnebi da jarTad gaiyida. ucxoelebma Caigdes miwiseuli simdidre: marganeci, kvarciti, spilenZi, oqro da a.S. iyideba qarTuli miwebi gadamTielebze qarTvel glexs miwa aRar darCa da iZulebulia, rom indoelisgan Tu sparselisgan ijariT aiRos da daamuSaos igi.
erTi sityviT, qarTvels Tavis samSobloSi ar daedgomeba.ufro mZafrad uteven Cven sulierebas, romlis CawixvliT surT qarTveli kacis mentaliteti gardaqmnan. amas nawilobriv axerxeben kidec tvinis gamorecxvis meTodiT, romelic myisierad da niWierad aiTvisa yvela telearxma. qarTuli teleekranebidan
antierovnuli, antisaxelmwifoebrivi da antizneobrivi yiyinis meti araferi ar ismis.
ZiriTad dartymas axorcieleben im obieqtebze, romlebic Cveni erovnulobis sayrdeni burjebi arian: 1) marTlmadidebloba, 2) ojaxi, 3) mwerloba da xelovneba. 4) ganaTleba da mecniereba, zemore xsenebuli dargebis damcrobiT, daSTobiT da ganadgurebiT cdiloben qarTuli sulis Cakvlas, rac sabolood qarTuli eris sikvdilis tolfasia.
sagangaSo is aris, rom es Tavzardamcemi warRvnaganadgureba SemTxveviT ar aris. es kargad mofiqrebuli da winaswar dagegmili mzakvruli gegmaa, romelic isaxavs saerTod erebis da maT Soris ,qarTveli eris ganadgurebas. da raoden sawuxari ar unda iyos, igi SemuSavda Cveni „keTilmosurne patronis“, gnebavT, „megobris qveynebSi“, aSSSi., samarTlianobisa da demokratiis simbolod rom aris aRiarebuli. Tu Tvals gausworebT arsebul realobas, davrwmundebiT, rom dRevandel politikur elitas, daqiravebul arasamTavroboebs, aTi aTasobiT rom
Sinaarsi:akad. elizbar javeliZe _ sa qa rT velos mecnierebaTa erovnu li akademiis erovnul prob lemaTa Semswavleli mud-mivmoqmedi komisiis angariSi.enver niJaraZe _ akaki SaniZe akaki SaniZe _ saqarTvelos erovnuli himnigalaktion tabiZe _ dRiure-bidan
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis u w y e b e b i2
CamoiTvleba, eleqtro medias da buCqebSi SemZvral e.w. inteligencias qarTveli eris es sikvdili ar aRelvebs, da imis nacvlad samgloviaro panaSvidze mwuxared idgnen, taSfandurs marTavs da siamovnebiT krutunebs!
es erTob da mZime, magram keTilSobili misia eris TviTobis da vinaobis gadasarCenad ikisra saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnulma aka demiam, romelsac qarTveli xalxis, SeiZleba iTqvas, ukanaskneli imedia.
akademis prezidentis akademikos giorgi kvesitaZis winadadebiT 2015 w. 29 ivniss akademiis samecniero sabWosTan Seiqmna (brZaneba N 34. 29.07.1915) „erovnul proble-maTa Semswavleli mudmivmoq-medi komisia“, (sapatio Tavmjdomare sruliad saqarTvelos patriarqi ilia II, Tavmjdomare saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis preziden-ti: akademikosi giorgi kvesi-taZe, Tavmjdomaris moadgile vice-prezidenti akademikosi roin metreveli, pasuxismgebeli mdivani akademikosi eliz-bar javeliZe).
komisiam 20152017 w.w. Caatara 16 sxdoma, romlebic mieZRvna saxelmwifoebriv da erovnul erTob mniSvnelovan problemebis SeswavlaSefasebas: amaTgan gamovyofT zogierTs.
pirvel sxdomaze (17.09.2015) komisis wevrma armenologma bondo arvelaZem waikiTxa moxseneba: „saqarTvelos teri to riaze e. w. somxuri ek-le siebis Sesaxeb“ kerZod, gan xi lul iqna somexTa eklesiis saqarTvelos eparqiis winamZRvris episkopos vazgen mirzaxanianis gaugonari pretenzia saqarTveloSi 442 qarTuli eklesiis somexTaTvis mikuTvnebis Taobaze.
sxdomaze gamarTuli kamaTis da msjelobis Sedegebi
da komisis TvalTaxedva da pozicia gadaegzavna premier ministris kancelarias, rasac mohyva myisieri reaqcia da gaimarTa religiis sakiTxTa saxelmwifo sagentos sami sxdoma, romelsac eswreboda am sakiTxiT dainteresebuli mravali organizacia. Sedegad, somexi episkoposis pretenzia arakvalificurad da araobieqturad iqna miCneuli.
imavdroulad, am problemasTan dakavSirebiT bondo arvelaZem dawera monografia „qarTuli eklesiebi saqarT-veloSi da somxeTSi“, sadac mecnierul doneze Seswavlilia es sakiTxi da saTanado pasuxia gacemuli am usafuZvlo pretenziaze.
komisiis iniciativiT Tavis droze akademikos simon janaSias rusul enaze gamoqveynebula naSromi „istori-uli simarTlis damaxinjebis erTi magaliTis gamo“ wels (2017) iTargmna qarTulad da axla mzaddeba am naSromis inglisuri versia. naSromSi sakadrisi pasuxia gacemuli rusi avtoris n. tokarskisTvis, vinc erevanSi gamocemul Tavis wignSi „Zveli somxeTis arqiteqtura“ (1946) qarTuli taoklarjeTis qarTuli taZrebi: xaxuli, bana, iSxani, opiza da sxv. somxuri kulturis Zeglebad gamoacxada da mTel taoklarjeTTan erTad somxebs gadauloca.
Cveni komisiis iniciativiT welsve sruli saxiT (saqarTvelos rukis darTviT) gamoicema ivane javaxiSvilis ubadlo istoriuli naSromi „saqarT-velos samzRvrebi“. 1919 wels damoukidebel saqarTveloSi didi mecnieris mier wignad gamocemuli es naSromi sabWoTa epoqaSi arcerTxel ar gamoqveynebula. gasuli saukunis 90ian wlebSi Teoriulad damoukidebel, sinamdvileSi ki damonebul da gawewildaglejil saqarTveloSi aRniSnu
li naSromi orjer gamoica, magram, samwuxarod, naklulevani saxiT.
aqve SeiZleba vaxsenoT pro fesor guram gogiaSvilis moxseneba (30.07.2016) „qarT-velTa fobia ruseTSi“. romelic eyrdnoba avtoris mravalwlian garjis Sedegad mo povebul masalebs, or tomad gamocemuls rusul enaze. mzaddeba am tomebis vrceli reziume inglisur enaze.
erTob sagulisxmo iyo profesor deniza zumbaZis mox seneba (14.10.2015) romelic exeboda mcxeTis miwebis uka nono gasxvisebasa da mSen-eblobis proeqtebs. komisiis wevrTa TvalTaxedva da winadadebebi gadaegzavna premier ministris kancelarias da sapatriarqos. sasixaruloa,rom miwebis gasxviseba da mSeneblobis procesi SeCerda. xolo sul axlaxans iuneskos mier mcxeTas daubrunda samuzeumo qalaqis statusi, riTac sabolood wertili daesva galaRebul kadnierebas da ukanonobas.
amave sxdomaze (14.10.2015) ganxilul iqna meore sakiTxic; „hereTis saxlis mdgomare-obis Sesaxeb“. momxsenebelma giorgi papiaSvilma zogadad warmoaCina saingilos dRevandeli mZime politikuri, eko nomikuri da kulturuli viTareba. 6) 27 oqtombers erovnul problemaTa mogva rebis komisiam hereTis mkvidrT mousmina, hereTeli axalgazrdebis gulistkivili gaiziara da mTavrobasTan Suamdgomloba da daxmareba aRuTqva.
gansakuTrebuli yuradRe ba miipyro profesor anzor ToTaZis moxsenebebma (22.11.2015) da (16.05.2016) Cve-ni qveynis umZimesi demografi-uli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. sxdomebze moixaza gzebi am mdgomareobis gamosasworeblad. masalebi gadaegzavna
#5, noemberi, 2017 3
saxelmwifo kancelarias.uaRresad mniSvnelovania
komisiis daintereseba „pankisis problemebiT“ komisiis wevrebi ramodenimejer estumr nen xeobas da am kuTxiT religiurekonomikur pro b lemas miuZRvnes gafarToebuli sxdo ma (20.01.2016). yurad saRebia is faqtic, rom Cveni komisiis wevrebi arian am xeobis cnobili, avtoritetuli mecnierebi: (zaur gumaSvili da xaso xangoSvili). vfiqrobT, Cvenma aqtiurobam Cveni xelisuflebis am kuTxisadmi yuradReba ufro gazarda.
aseve friad sagulisxmoa, rom gaimarTa akademiasTan arsebuli miwis Semswavleli komisiisa da Cveni komisiis gaerTianebuli sxdoma (25.01.2016). romelSic aqtiurad monawileobda sapatriarqos jgufi alaverdeli mitropolitis daviTis TavkacobiT. kvlavac kamaTis da gansjis sakiTxi gaxldaT mcxeTis sivrcobrivi dageg-mareba da marTva. Sejerebuli TvalTaxedva gadaegzavna sapatriarqos da saxelmwifo kancelarias.
didi interesi gamoiwvia profesor paata giorgaZis moxsenebam „saqarTvelos bune-brivi sasmeli wylis indus-triis ganviTarebis koncef-cia-programa“ (15.04.2016). am udavod araordinarul moxsenebas cxoveli gamoxmaureba mohyva da gamaxvilebuli yuradRebis da farTo msjelobis sagnad iqca. ganxilvaSi monawileoba miiRes cnobilma sazogado moRvaweebma, dargis eqspertebma da specialistebma. daskvna da dadgenileba gadaegzavna saxelmwifo kancelarias, romelic man saqarTvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministroze gadaamisamarTa. mogvianebiT saministrodan komisiaSi Semovida uaryofiTi
pasuxi, romelic sxva araferia Tu ara aRniSnul koncefciaprogramaSi xelovnuri aburdulobis Setanis mcdeloba.
komisiis sxdomebze sxva problemuri sakiTxebic iqna ganxiluli. didi rezonansi hqonda levan vasaZis moxsenebas „amis Tqmis yvelas eSinia“ (20.02.2016). yuradReba miipyro Tamaz tyemalaZis moxsenebamac „sazogadoebrivi arxis saprogramo gadacemebi da qa-rTuli sazogadoebis damoki-debuleba“ (18.12.2015).
aranakleb sainteresod wa rimarTa 2017 wlis sxdomebi. wleuls pirveli sxdoma (27.01.2017) soflis meurne-obis strategiaSi arsebuli problemebis daxvewas mieZRvna. momxseneblebma: gela RliR vaSvilma da irina fxoveliSvilma, mdidari TvalsaCino masalis fonze, soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis xelisSemSlel pirobebs gausves xazi da gansakuTrebiT gamoyves qarTveli fermerebi, romelTac bevri moulodneli winaRobis gadalaxva uwevT.
miwis sakiTxebSi arse-bul problemebis Seswavlis da misi ucxoelebze gayidvis erTxel da samudamod akrZal-vis aucileblobas Seexo Tavis saintereso moxsenebaSi (25.04.2017) momxsenebeli gela RliRvaSvili da ganxilvasac metad cxare kamaTi mohyva. daskvnebi da gadawyvetileba saxelisuflebo samsaxurebs gadaegzavnaT da ra reagireba mohyveba maT es saqarTvelos axali konstituciis miRebis da gamoqveynebis Semdgom gairkveva
uaRresad saintereso da imedismomcemi gamodga ekologiuri sakiTxebisad mi miZRvnili komisiis erTerTi wlevandeli sxdoma (17.05.2017). moxseneba „saqarT-velos ekologia da qveynis
ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi“ gaakeTa akademiis prezidentma giorgi kvesitaZem. mravalferovani TvalsaCino masalis fonze man warmoaCina saqarTvelos dRevandeli mZime ekologiuri problemebi da dasaxa maTi daZlevis gzebi. sasiamovno iyo imis mosmena, rom saqarTvelos unikaluri biomravalferovneba da uzarmazari ekologiuri potenciali gaaCnia. rom CvenSi 29 niadagobrivklimaturi zonaa da 6350 saxeobis mcenare xarobs, romelTaganac 1200 endemuri, anu adgilobrivi warmoSobis jiSia, maSin, roca alpebSi mcenareTa 4500 saxeoba gvxdeba da maTgan endemuri mxolod 350 saxeobaa. Cveni RvTivkurTxeuli qveynis biomravalferovnebas umniSvnelovanesi cilebis Semcveli sakvebi sokos 7000 saxeobis arsebobac adasturebs (SedarebisTvis: teritoriulad saqarTvelos aTjer aRmatebul ukrainaSi sakvebi sokos sul 1500 jiSia). momxsenebeli Seexo agreTve mwvane filtris teqnologias, rasac didi dro da Zala Sealies Cvenma mecnierebma. Sedegad CvenSi damuSavda misi gamoyenebis mravlisaRmTqmeli meTodi, romelic dedamiwis ekologouri SesaZleblobebis samjer gazrdis saSualebas iZleva. Seswavlil iqna mikroorganizmebi da aqtiuri Stamebi. gakeTda Sedareba aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTs Soris, rac mcenareTa saxeobis zemoT motanili cifrebidanac moCans. yovelive es inovaciur bioteqnologiebs warmoadgens da maTi gamoyeneba Cvens qveyanas did sikeTes uqadis.
erTi sityviT, erovnul pro blemaTa Semswavleli komi sia, SeZlebisdagvarad dgas saqarTvelos da qarTulis sadarajoze, eris satkivars aanalizebs da xandaxan miZine bul xelisuflebas afxi
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis u w y e b e b i4
zlebs.dasasrul, mainc unda
aRiniSnos, rom Cveni komisiis didi mcdelobis miuxedavad, qarTveli eris yofna aryofnis problema ara aris xerxemalSi gadatexili. raoden sawuxaric ar unda iyos, is qveynis da eris damangreveli politika, romelsac safuZveli Cauyara eduard SevardnaZem da merme am saZirkvelze Cveni samSoblos ubedurebis caTambjenad aRmarTa mixeil saakaSvilma, dResac grZeldeba. Cven gvesmis, rom am globalizaciis warRvnis da qariSxlis Jams, Znelia win aRudge im ubedur tragedias, rasac eris sikvdili hqvia. magram am gamanad
akaki SaniZe bednieri kaci iyo. pirobiTad Tu vityviT, perangSi dabadebuli. jer Tundac imitom, rom 100 weli icocxla. ufro zustad rom vTqvaT man icocxla 100 weli da 43 dRe.
1. arcerT qarTvel, mi si donis mecniers miso deni ar ucocxlia.
2. iyo Tbilisis nairsa-sibrZ nos (universitetis) pir vel damaarsebelTa Soris (1918).
3. saCinoebda (figurirebda) amave nairsasibrZnos pirvel codinarTa (profesorTa) gezmarTvaSi (kolegiaSi). 1917 wlis 26 Wknobidan (noembridan), vidre nairsasibrZnos gaxsnamde, codinarTa gezmarTvis winaswar sxdomaTa amwerebi (oqmebi) e.w. „Zeglis werani“ mis mier, misi xeliT aris dawerili.
4. man pirvelma Seqmna da gamosca udavod gzisgamkvalavi naSromi Tanamedrove qarTuli enis pirveli mecnieruli aRnageba (gramatika) saxelwodebiT: „qarTuli gra ma tika, I. morfologia“
a k a k i S a n i Z e(14.02.1887 29.03.1987)
a m a g d a r n i
gurebel grigals nafotiviT rom ahyve da araferi iRono, da oden mavanTa Tvalis asaxvevad garegnuli, fasaduri cvlilebebiT Tavi moiwono, miutevebeli Secdomaa da danaSauli Cveni eris da xalxis winaSe. miT umetes, maSin, roca Cveni mezobeli qveynebi gonieri da windaxeduli moqmedebiT, sul mcire, Tavis gadarCenas axerxeben.
amgvari inertuloba, rasac avlens dRevandeli xelisufleba, xalxi da inteligencia, iqneba is xelovani, mwerali Tu mecnieri da, metic, siZulvili, romelsac avlenen liberaluri msoflmxedvelobis partiebi (nacebi, respub
likelebi da sxvani), sruliad telesivrce rusTavi oridan dawyebuli da tv pirveliT damTavrebuli, e. w. arasamTavroboebi, sinamdvileSi ki fuls suliT miyiduli jaSuSebi, gardauvalad amzadebs qarTveli eris sikvdils da dedamiwis piridan mis gaqrobas! amas ki momavali Taoba, Tu ki aseTi gveyoleba, aravis apatiebs. wyevliT moixseniebs dRevandel xelisuflebasac da xalxsac da arc maRali RmerTi Segvindobs!
SeismineT qarTvelno, visac Rirseba SegvrCa, dRes ZilquSis dro ar aris!
dRes sagangaSo zaris rekvis da brZolis Jamia!
(1930), romelSic Tavis adrindel bgerul (fonetikur) da garsmcodneobiT (morfologiur) Ziebebs mouyara Tavi. amiT man mtkice saZirkveli Cauyara axali sawerilobo (saliteraturo) qarTuli enis Seswavlas da mis momaval kvlevas, ramac agreTve didad ganapiroba evropaSi qarTuli
enis kvlevaZiebis gamococxlebac. naSromis meore, arsebiTad gadamuSavebuli da Sevsebuli gamocema „qarTuli enis gramatikis safuZvlebi, I. morfologia“ (1953), srulad asaxavs qarTuli sawerilo-bo enis aRnagebis garsmcod-neobiT agebulebas, farTod warmoadgens qarTuli enis
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SedgenilobiT (struqturul) Taviseburebebs. axali Tan-rigebis (kategoriebis) dadgenasTan erTad akaki SaniZem SemoiRo mTeli rigi axali aRnagebiTi rqmeulebi (gramatikuli terminebi), romlebic damkvidrdnen saerTod aR-nagebiT werilobaSi (gramatikul literaturaSi).
5. 1931 wels man krebulad gamosca wlebis manZilze adgilebze monaZiebi da rudunebiT Cawerili xalxuri mgosnebis (poeziis) nimuSebi, saTauriT |,,qarTuli xlxuri poezia. xevsureTi“ da amiT safuZveli daudo qarTuli zepirsityvierebis mecnierul Seswavlas. gadaSli am gamocemas da daxurva aRar mogindeba.
6. iyo saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa maRalsamyoflos (akademiis) pirveldamfuZnebelTa Soris (1941).
7 . iyo im sam adamians Soris, vinc 1961 wels ierusalimis jvris savanis (monastris) kedelze pirvelad aRmoaCina da ixila SoTa rusTavelis lesxatva (freska). da a. S.
akaki SaniZes ergo udidesi pativi Seeqmna Tanamedrove qarTuli enis aRnageba. es iyo misi RvTiuri davaleba, da man is pirnaTlad Seasrula. amiT man moixada wminda vali deda samSoblos da deda enis winaSe. am gmirobas veRaravin verasodes gaimeorebs. SeiZleba Seiqmnas qarTuli enis aRnage-bis sxva saxelmZRvaneloc, magram, rogori srulyofilic ar unda iyos msgavsi naSromi, is gverds verafriT ver auvlis akaki SaniZis wigns da, rac umTavresia, is verasodes iqneba pirveli. am TvalsazrisiT akaki SaniZis ,,qarTuli enis gramatika“ ukvdavi wignia da misi Semqmneli im erTeuli qarTveli meqmebis (avtorebis) ricxvs miekuTvneba, romlebmac me20 saukuneSi Tavi mouyares adrindel dargobriv
qarTvelmcodneobiT (qarTvelo logiur) gamovlinebebs, isi ni mecnierulad ganmartes, ga na zogades, Camoayalibes, Ta viaT fuZemdeblur Ziebebsa da gansazRvrebebs Soreul, ganu meorebel nelsurnelebad SerTes da erT uWknob Taigulad Sekones.
akaki SaniZes agreTve hqonda erTi gansakuTrebuli, RvivnaboZebi niWi. gansxvavebiT mravalTa sxvaTagan is uricxvwilad ganwilul yovelive qarTuls da qarTvelurs erT mTlianobaSic xedavda. misdari pirovneba dResac RvTis saCuqari iqneboda CvenTvis, vinZlo Cvens mizandakargul, gausaZlis, ganqarTulebul yofas rogorme dakarguli erovnuli saxis povnaSi daxmareboda.
akaki SaniZe daibada 1887 wlis 14 lxobas (Tebervals) quTaisis ganSlilobis (guberniis) samtrediis monazRudis (mazris) sof. noRaSi. gardaicvala 1987 wlis 23 kvirtobas (marts) TbilisSi. swavlobda quTaisis kazmul (klasikur) saganswavloSi (gimnaziaSi), sadac cxra wliT adre Sevida mixako wereTeli, ufro adre ki niko mari. me ar maqvs xelT misi saswavlo moswrebis romelime furceli, magram, gamomdinare mecnieris Semdgomi mizanmimarTuli cxovrebidan, dauRalavi mecnieruli Ziebebidan da saarako Sromismoyvareobidan, vfiqrob, rom akaki SaniZe saganswavloSi sibejiTiT gamoirCeoda, esmoda ra samomavlod codnis myari saZirkvlis imTaviTve Cayris gardauvali mniSvneloba. 1909 wels saganswavlodamTavrebuli momavali mecnieri peterburgis nairsasibrZnoSi Sevida aRmosavleTis enaTa ganStoe-baze (fakultetze). romelic Tavis droze warmatebiT daamTavra jer niko marma, Semdeg ki misma mowafem ivane javaxiSvilma. am ukanasknelma Tavis
droze peterburgSi Camoayaliba „qarTvel mecadinTa (studentTa) samecniero wre“, romelsac 1911 wels saTaveSi Caudga mecadini (studenti) akaki SaniZe. aRniSnuli wre eweoda samecniero kvlevaZiebas da adgenda qarTul naS-romTaRnusxvas (bibliografias). aranakleb mniSvnelovani iyo is uciloba (faqti), rom wris sxdomebi ruseTis dedaqalaqSi qarTul enaze mimdinareobda. wrem 1915 wels Tbi lisSi, ivane javaxiSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT gamosca samec nie ro krebuli, sadac daibeWda akaki SaniZis naSromi „qarTuli kiloebi mTaSi“.
swavlis gasrulebis Semdeg akaki SaniZe peterburgis nair-sasibrZnoSi datoves samuSaod somxurqarTuli sityvaT-mcodneobis (filologiis) sad gomelze (kaTedraze), romelsac imJamad niko mari ganagebda. am xanebSi mas miwermowera hqonda sazRvargareT saswavleblad myof mixako wereTelTan. es ukanaskneli 26 wlis akaki SaniZeze metad maRali azrisa iyo, rogorc es mis mier ivane javaxiSvilisadmi miwerili werilidan Cans:
`Tqven ki, batono vano, imitom gaqvT mopovebuli Rrma pativiscema da siyvaru-li Cvens gulSi, rom qarTuli mecnierebis namdvili damwyebi xarT, qarTulad swerT, qar-Tulad kiTxulobT leqciebs, saqarTvelosaTvis gindaT mecniereba. amas grZnobs yvela, amas afasebs, esmis yvelas, rom aseTi muSaobis Sedegi iqneba namdvili qarTuli mecniere-bis Seqmna, da bolos da bolos Cven mecnierebas gamoecleba is SemTxveviTi da qvelmoq-medebiTi xasiaTi, romelic mas aqamdisa hqonda. mTeli STamo-mavloba unda aRizardos am azriT, am mizniT, da saqmec sasurvelad dagvirgvindeba, Tqveni mowafeebi am azrisa ari-an peterburgSi. Tqvengan aqvsT
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis u w y e b e b i6
Canergili es didi azri. miw-ermowera maqvs a. SaniZesTan. iseTi biWi yofila, rom erTi aTiode magisTana bevr mniS-vnelovan svrels gaitans Cve-ni samSoblos samecniero kv-levis yanaze. Torem gulzed rogor ar gaskdebi kaci, CvenSi mRvdlebic aRar kadrulo-ben qarTulad weras da keke-liZe rusulad swers qarTul saeklesio mecnierebis Sesax-eb. (mixako wereTlis werili ivane javaxiSvilisadmi. haid-elbergi 03.04.1913).
male ruseTSi amboxdamxo-bis (revoluciis) zarma dareka da qveyana airia. ruseTSi gansaswavlad wasulma qarTvelebma samSoblos moaSures. ruseTidan jer matarebliT, Semdeg ki gemiT „dalandi“ saqarTveloSi dabrunda galaktion tabiZe, romelic iq saswavleblad iyo wasuli, rac SeuZlebeli Seiqna. samSobloSo dabrundnen TbilisSi nair-sasibrZnos momavali damaarseblebic. maT peterburgidan matareblis mzidiT (vagoniT) saqarTveloSi gamogzavnes momavali nairsasibrZnosTvis gankuTvnili didi xnis manZilze rudunebiT nagrovebi wignebi, qarTvel moRvaweTa, maT Soris, akaki SaniZis da ioseb yifSiZis piradi wignsacavebi (biblioTekebi) da sxv. mzide, romelSic wignebi iyo CatvirTuli, sadRac rostovtaganrogis gadasarbenze daikarga. akaki SaniZes, visac am mzidis Tvalyuris devneba evaleboda, mcdeloba ar dauklia, magram vagons versad miagno. es iyo sakmaod mZime dartyma ganzraxuli saqmisTvis, magram aman damaarsebelTa miswrafeba ver SeaCera da verc SeaCerebda, radgan nairsasibrZnos Seqmnis metad rTul gzaze maT am droisTvis ukve araerTi winaaRmdegoba hqondaT gadalaxuli. gansakuTrebiT Zneli da mtkivneuli gamodga im qarTvel moRvaweTa winaaRm
degobis daZleva, romlebic qarTuli nairsasibrZnos Seqmnis azrs daupirispirdnen. maT Soris yvelaze did saCinoebas (figuras) didi mecnieri niko mari warmoadgenda. ai, ras wers amis Sesaxeb mixako wereTeli Tavis saiubileo werilSi „akaki SaniZe“ (dabadebis 70 wlisTavis gamo), romelic daibeWda parizSi gamomaval kale da nino saliebis moambe (Jurnal) „bedi qarTlisaSi“ (N 28 29. 06.1958. gv. 13.):
„akaki im ZvelTa msgavsad vaJkaci iyo yovelTvis, gula-di, Seupovari, Tumca bunebiT mSvidi da uwyinari: rodesac man peterburgSi gajavrebulma ixila, rom prof. n. mari, saqa-rTveloSi dabadebuli da aRz-rdili, da TviT filologiis didi msaxuri, misi maswavle-beli welTa ganmavlobaSi, qa-rTuli universitetis daarse-bas mtrulad Sexvda Tu ratom, es saidumloeba gansvenebul-ma Tan waritana, akaki mas ar moerida da, gadauxada ra didi madloba wvrTisaTvis qarT-velTa saxeliT, mkacrad amxi-la igi da ise gamoeTxova“.
amave werilSi mixako wereTeli didi pativiscemiT CamoTvlis qarTuli nairsasi-brZnos pirveldamaarseblTa saxelebs, xolo maT Soris, ivane javaxiSvilis Semdeg, gansakuTrebul pativs akaki SaniZes miagebs:
,,da am did damwyebTa Soris gamoirCeoda akaki SaniZe raRac gansacvifrebeli energiiT da saqmis siyvaruliT. da rac mas tvirTi aekida didi saqmis da-sawyisSi, TvaliT gvinaxavs da ar gvegona, Tu amas erTi kaci SesZlebda“.
pirveli sxdoma, romelic qarTuli nairsasibrZnos (universitetis) daarsebis sakiTxs exeboda, TbilisSi 1917 wlis 1 Slilobas (marts) gaimarTa. am dros ruseTSi Tebervlis amboxdamxoba ukve momxdari iyo. droc, rogorc ikveTe
ba, saamisod xelsayreli Canda. bolos ausrules qarTvelobas sanukvari ocneba misma Rirseulma Svilebma da 1918 wlis 8 lxobas, Zveli stiliT 26 texvras (ianvars), daviT aRmaSeneblis xsenebis dRes, qarTuli universiteti dafuZnebulad gamoacxades.
aqac winmaval kacad darCa akaki SaniZe. 1920 wels is gaemgzavra svaneTSi nairsasi-brZnos pirveli mivlinebiT. ori wlis Semdeg is da korneli kekeliZe gagzavnil iqnen moskovSi da petrogradSi, raTa maT qarTuli xelnawerebi da sxva siZveleni samSobloSi daebrunebinaT. amas 1924 wels mohyva mivlineba somxeTSi iq arsebuli qarTuli warwerebis Sesaswavlad, ramdenime mecnierTan erTad. arsebiTad es iyo pirveli mivlinebebi Tbilisis saxelmwifo nairsa-sibrZnodan da unda aRiniSnos, rom maT mniSvnelovani Sedegebi mohyvaT.
akaki SaniZe wlebis manZilze ganagebda qarTuli nairsa-sibrZnos somxur sadgomels (19181930), Tanamedrove qarTuli enis sadgomels (19191945, Zveli qarTuli enis sadgomels (19451987). 1939 wels arCeul iqna ssrk mecnierebaTa maRalsamyoflos (akademiis) wevr-Semtyobineblad (wevrko respondentad), 1941 wels ki srulswavlulad (akademikosad). 19501952 wlebSi iyo amave maRalsamyoflos nacval (viceprezidenti). sxvac bevri ram hqonda dakisrebuli did enaTmecniers, rogorc xelmZRvanels. TiTqmis Svidi aTeuli weli imoRvawa mSobliur Tbilisis saxelmwifo nairsasibrZnoSi. am xnis manZilze cota Tu darCa saqarTveloSi saxelovani pirovneba, akaki SaniZis Rvawls werilobiT rom ar gamoxmaureboda. es gamoxmaurebebi sxva dasxva dros gamoqveynda CvenSi da da maTze xeli yve
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las Tavisuflad miuwvdeboda, amitom me aq isev farTo sazogadoebisTvis naklebad cnobil, zemoT ukve orjer moxmobil, mixako wereTlis saiubileo werils mivmarTav da mkiTvels gardaxvewili (emigranti) didi qarTveli mecnieris da erovnuli moRvawis Sefasebas Sevaxseneb:
„ormoci weliwaadia, rac akaki SaniZe moRvaweobs qar-Tuli filologiis dargSi dauRalavad. da rac man Seqmna, igi didia da mas „didi filol-ogis“ saxeli mouxveWa. ase ix-seneben akaki SaniZes evropie-li mecnierebic, romlebic mis Sromebs icnoben. kvleva qar-Tuli enis agebulebisa, qarTu-li gramatikebi, qrestomaTie-bi, SedarebiTi gramatiuli kvleva qarTuli jgufis enaTa, da sxva, yoveli siRrmiT cod-nisa, simaxviliT gonebisa da uaRresi sisworiT meTodisa, es aris is didi Zegli qarTu-li mecnierebisa, romelsac verc erTi misi winamorbedis naSromi odnavadac ver Seedre-ba. xolo akaki ar aris marto enaTmecnieri, Rrmad mcodne agreTve mraval evropiul da aRmosavlur enaTa: igi amave dros qarTuli Zveli mwerlo-bis mkvlevaria da rac am darg-Sic mas Seuqmnia, igi sididiT eTanasworeba mis wmida enaT-mecnierul Sromebs: xanmet da haemet uZveles qarTul teqst-Ta aRmoCena palimfsestebSi da maTi gamocema, wakiTxva da ga-mocema uZveles warweraTa, ga-mocema vrcel literaturul ZeglTa, rogorc magaliTad uZveles TargmanTa oTxTavisa (saxarebisa) da maTi Sedareba aTonis veersiasTan. gamocema leqsikonTa, rogorc mag. sulx-ansaba orbelianis leqsikonisa (pirvelad gansvenebul ioseb yifSiZesTan erTad), gamocema vaxtangiseuli „vefxistyaos-nisa“ da sxva, ai kide meore didi Zegli qarTuli mecnier-ebisa, akaki SaniZis mier Seqm-
nili. (...) da kide raodeni sxva Rvawli miuZRvis akaki SaniZes qarTuli filologiis did da srul mecnierebad agebisaT-vis: kvleva qarTul dialeqt-Ta, gamocema xalxuri poeziis saukeTeso ZeglTa, dauRalavi Rvawli „vefxistyaosnis“ te-qstis kritikisTvis da dad-genisTvis, da sxva da sxva...“
akaki SaniZe daucxromlad iRwvoda „vefxistyaosnis“ danaweris dasadgenad. mas mniSvnelovani wvlili miuZRvis rusTavels enisa da leqsikis TaviseburebaTa kvlevaSi. Sead gina poemis sity-vari (leqsi koni) da ganmarta masSi gamoyenebuli araerTi sityva. sityvari zed daurTo poemis erTerT gamocemas. mis saxels samudamod daukavSirda qarTuli enis uZvelesi werilobiTi wyaroebis xanmeti da haemeti danawer-
ebis (teqstebis) aRmoCena da gamoqveyneba. ro gorc xelmZRvanels, mas ga mocemuli aqvs qarTuli Zvel aRTqmiTi (bibliuri) da na werebi, qarTuli saxarebis arnadebis (redaqciebis) srulsaswav-lo (akademiuri) gamocema da a.S. saerTod, man wamoiwyo da saTanado mecnieruli simaRle mianiWa qarTuli enis werilobiTi Zeglebis gansjiT (kritikul) kvlevas da mecnierul sityvaTmcodneo-biT (filologiur) gamocemas. mecnierulgansjiTi (kritikuli) danarTiT aRWurvil qarTul danawerebs.
misi fuZemdebluri naSromebidan unda gamoiyos iseTi naSromebi, rogorebicaa: „weliwadis etimologiisaTvis“ (1924), „svanuri umlauti“ (1925) da masTan dakavSirebuli sva nuri metyvelebis nimuSebi,
akademikosebi: giorgi wereTeli, akaki SaniZe, irakli abaSiZe.palestinis jvris monasterSi rusTavelis freskasTan
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis u w y e b e b i8
„qarTuli zmnis saqcevi“ (1927) da sxva.
yovelive amasTan da sxvasTan erTad, akaki SaniZe udidesi swavlebmcodne (pedagogi) iyo man man aRzarda mTeli Taobebi mecnierTa da maswavlebelTa. saTaveSi misTa macadinTa dganan didi enaTmecnierebi arnold Ciqobava da varlam Tofuria, agreTve giorgi wereTeli, SoTa ZiZiguri da sxva.
1987 wels 100 wlis akaki SaniZes SoTa rusTavelis fasCineba (premia) mianiWes. rogorc Cans, fasCinebis mesveurebs gvian gaaxsendaT Rrmad moxuci mecnieri da raRac sircxvilismagvari igrZnes. TiTqos didi qarTvelTmcod-nisTvis, romelmac 1961 wels ierusalimis jvris savanis kedelze, irakli abaSiZesTan da giorgi wereTelTan erTad, rusTavelis lesxatva (freska) aRmoaCina, am fasCinebis miniWeba ufro adre ar SeiZleboda!
dakrZales akaki SaniZe nairsasibrZnos walkotSi (baRSi) Zvel megobrTa da TanamoazreTa gverdiT. im aqtSi (qmedSi), rom saqarTveloSi pirveli qarTuli umaRlesi saswavleblis damaarseblebs samudamo gansasveneblad maTTvis yvelaze Zvirfasi adgili gamoeyoT, uTuod RvTis xeli iyo Careuli, Torem met-damjgufeobiTi (bolSevikuri) xe lis ufleba, romelmac nairsasibr Znos mTavari damfuZnebeli didi ivane javaxiSvili usindisod diTxova umaRlesi saswavleblidan, msgavs fiqrs gulSi rogor gaivlebda.
dideba Sensas uWknob samarTals uzeSTaeso!
enver niJaraZe
akaki SaniZe imTaviTve swor erovnul gurdivze (poziciaze) idga. imave 1917 wlis dekemberSi, maSin, rodesac saqarTvelos Ta-visuflebamde jer kidev weliwadnaxevari iyo darCenili, man daw-era leqsi „qarTuli erovnuli himni“, es aris leqsi-gafrTxileba, leqsimowodeba romelSic naTlad Cans SemTxzvelis gulistkivi-li. namyouri (istoriuli) saTqmelisTvis man gamoiyena saleqso garsi (forma), rom
qarTuli erovnuli himni
aba, frTxild qarTvelebo, mivyveT mamapapis kvalsa!warsuls grZnobiT vigonebdeT, CavufiqrdeT momavalsa!cali Tvali pontosaken! nu vacilebT gurgans calsa!yuri vugdoT gurjiboRazs da nu vaRebT darialsa!
moswondaT da axlac moswonT Cveni qveynis mTa da veli:mziT damwvari hijazeli, gayinuli Crdiloeli,sparsi, Turqi, lekmonRoli, berZeni Tu romaeli yvela Cvensken iswrafoda, yvela maSriymaRribeli.
iyo dro, ros mmarTveloba, samarTali gvqonda sxvisi,baRdadsa da yarayorums gzebi gvedo aTas dRisi.mtrisgan bevrjel darbeula Tbilisa da quTaisi,imeds mainc arvkargavdiT suli gvaxlda SoTaisi.
sad ar dgmula Cveni fesvi: sisxli sad ar dagviRvria? erans, Turans, avRanistans yvelgan Cveni Zvlebi hyria.ficxel omSi gaxurvebulT evfratdiSla dagviSvria, Cveni sisxliT SeRebili visla dResac aris mRvria.
oTxi didi saxelmwifo, mogviWamgagvicveTia:sadRa aris Zveli romi an Zlieri sparseTia?arabeTis Zliereba, amboben, dRes zRvis wveTia,vis axsovan monRolebi? sxvebis bedic ageTia!
sami aTas welze meti gvicxovria, rogorc ersa.mraval Sav dRes movswrebivarT, magram bevrsac bedniersa.usikvdiloT arvis vuTmobT Cvens samSoblos mSveniersa.gvimRernia, kvlavac vimRerT Cvens tkbil mravalJamiersa.
sanam idens alazani, Woroxi da rionmtkvari,sanam Tavze mcvelad gvadgas civgombori, lixmyinvari,ar momkvdara, arc mokvdeba saqarTvelo mocinari,metad aRar Semcirdeba misi sivrce misi mzRvari.
aba, fxizlad, qarTvelebo! mivyveT mamapapis kvalsa!warsuls grZnobiT vigonebdeT, CavufiqrdeT momavalsa!cali TvaliT pontosaken, nu vaSorebT gurgans calsa!yuri vugdoT gurjiboRazs, nu, nu vaRebT darialsa!
5 dekemberi, 1917 w. dedaqalqi
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redaqtori: enver niJaraZe
dakabadoneba: paata qorqia
uwyebebi _ saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis aTvliTi (perioduli) gamocemaibeWdeba akademiis stambaSi