saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademia

#5, noemberi, 2017

u w y e b e b iena, mamuli, sarwmunoeba _ ojaxi, zneoba, tradicia

codna, ganaTleba, ganswavla _ erTguleba, siyvaruli, Tanadgoma

a k a d e m i i s

akademikosi elizbar javeliZe

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis erovnul problemaTa Semswavleli mudmivmoqmedi komisiis angariSi

qarTveli eris vinaobis, TviTobis da saerTod, yof­naaryofnis problema dRes sa­ocari simwvaviT dgas.

sagangaSo is aris, rom mo­Zalade mterma saxe icvala da keTili angelozis saxiT gvevlineba: xmlis nacvlad, nugbariT savse sinas gvawvdis da aTasgvar sikeTes gvpir­deba: Tavisuflebas moga­povebinebTo, demokratiul faseulebebs SegaswavliTo da Tanamedrove drois vargisad gaqcevTo.

Tanamedrove drois var­gisoba, maTi azriT ki sxva araferia, Tu ara samSoblos siyvarulze, erovnul tra­diciebsa da faseulobebze, qarTul mentalitetze, zneo­basa da namdvil adamianobaze uaris Tqma.

ai, es aris is ideologia, romelic msoflios warRvnad daatyda Tavs da pirdapir mimarTulia qarTveli eris mosaspobad.

Seteva xorcieldeba Zir­iTadad ori: fizikuri da su­lieri mimarTulebiT.

I fizikur doneze yve­laferi keTdeba, rom qarT­veli mosaxleobis raodenoba Semcirdes: a) qarTvel dedas STaagoneben, rom or Svil­ze metis gaCena cxovelobaa. b) SesaSurad saocrad imata kanonierma Tu ukanono abort­ma. aTasobiT Cvili dedis mu­celSive sasikvdilod iwireba. g) mZime ekonomiuri pirobebis gamo didia qarTvelTa gadine­ba da piruku, gaizarda ucxo tomelTa Camosaxleba da dam­kvidrebis procesi: sul mcire xanSi qarTvelebi Tavis samS­obloSi umciresobaSi aRmoCn­debian.

ganukiTxavad iyideba saqa­rTvelos saxelmwifos sim­didreebi: gapartaxda fabri­kaqarxnebi da jarTad gaiyida. ucxoelebma Caigdes miwiseu­li simdidre: marganeci, kvar­citi, spilenZi, oqro da a.S. iyideba qarTuli miwebi gadam­Tielebze qarTvel glexs miwa aRar darCa da iZule­bulia, rom indoelisgan Tu sparselisgan ijariT aiRos da daamuSaos igi.

erTi sityviT, qarTvels Tavis samSobloSi ar daed­gomeba.ufro mZafrad uteven Cven sulierebas, romlis Caw­ixvliT surT qarTveli kacis mentaliteti gardaqmnan. amas nawilobriv axerxeben kidec tvinis gamorecxvis meTodiT, romelic myisierad da niWi­erad aiTvisa yvela telearx­ma. qarTuli teleekranebidan

antierovnuli, antisaxelmwi­foebrivi da antizneobrivi yiyinis meti araferi ar ismis.

ZiriTad dartymas axor­cieleben im obieqtebze, rom­lebic Cveni erovnulobis sayrdeni burjebi arian: 1) marTlmadidebloba, 2) ojaxi, 3) mwerloba da xelovneba. 4) ganaTleba da mecniereba, ze­more xsenebuli dargebis dam­crobiT, daSTobiT da ganad­gurebiT cdiloben qarTuli sulis Cakvlas, rac sabolood qarTuli eris sikvdilis tol­fasia.

sagangaSo is aris, rom es Tavzardamcemi warRvnaganad­gureba SemTxveviT ar aris. es kargad mofiqrebuli da winaswar dagegmili mzakvru­li gegmaa, romelic isaxavs saerTod erebis da maT Soris ,qarTveli eris ganadgure­bas. da raoden sawuxari ar unda iyos, igi SemuSavda Cve­ni „keTilmosurne patronis“, gnebavT, „megobris qveynebSi“, aSSSi., samarTlianobisa da demokratiis simbolod rom aris aRiarebuli. Tu Tvals gausworebT arsebul re­alobas, davrwmundebiT, rom dRevandel politikur eli­tas, daqiravebul arasamTav­roboebs, aTi aTasobiT rom

Sinaarsi:akad. elizbar javeliZe _ sa qa rT velos mecnierebaTa erovnu li akademiis erovnul prob lemaTa Semswavleli mud-mivmoqmedi komisiis angariSi.enver niJaraZe _ akaki SaniZe akaki SaniZe _ saqarTvelos erovnuli himnigalaktion tabiZe _ dRiure-bidan

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis u w y e b e b i2

CamoiTvleba, eleqtro medias da buCqebSi SemZvral e.w. in­teligencias qarTveli eris es sikvdili ar aRelvebs, da imis nacvlad samgloviaro panaSvidze mwuxared idgnen, taSfandurs marTavs da siam­ovnebiT krutunebs!

es erTob da mZime, ma­gram keTilSobili misia eris TviTobis da vinaobis ga­dasarCenad ikisra saqarTve­los mecnierebaTa erovnulma aka demiam, romelsac qarTve­li xalxis, SeiZleba iTqvas, ukanaskneli imedia.

akademis prezidentis ak­ademikos giorgi kvesitaZis winadadebiT 2015 w. 29 ivniss akademiis samecniero sabWos­Tan Seiqmna (brZaneba N 34. 29.07.1915) „erovnul proble-maTa Semswavleli mudmivmoq-medi komisia“, (sapatio Tavmj­domare sruliad saqarTvelos patriarqi ilia II, Tavmjdomare saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis preziden-ti: akademikosi giorgi kvesi-taZe, Tavmjdomaris moadgile vice-prezidenti akademikosi roin metreveli, pasuxismgebe­li mdivani akademikosi eliz-bar javeliZe).

komisiam 2015­2017 w.w. Caatara 16 sxdoma, romlebic mieZRvna saxelmwifoebriv da erovnul erTob mniSvnelovan problemebis SeswavlaSefase­bas: amaTgan gamovyofT zogi­erTs.

pirvel sxdomaze (17.09.2015) komisis wevrma armenolog­ma bondo arvelaZem waikiTxa moxseneba: „saqarTvelos te­ri to riaze e. w. somxuri ek-le siebis Sesaxeb“ kerZod, gan xi lul iqna somexTa ekle­siis saqarTvelos eparqiis winamZRvris episkopos vazgen mirzaxanianis gaugonari pre­tenzia saqarTveloSi 442 qa­rTuli eklesiis somexTaTvis mikuTvnebis Taobaze.

sxdomaze gamarTuli ka­maTis da msjelobis Sedegebi

da komisis TvalTaxedva da pozicia gadaegzavna premier ministris kancelarias, ra­sac mohyva myisieri reaqcia da gaimarTa religiis sakiTx­Ta saxelmwifo sagentos sami sxdoma, romelsac eswreboda am sakiTxiT dainteresebuli mravali organizacia. Sede­gad, somexi episkoposis pre­tenzia arakvalificurad da araobieqturad iqna miCneuli.

imavdroulad, am proble­masTan dakavSirebiT bondo arvelaZem dawera monografia „qarTuli eklesiebi saqarT-veloSi da somxeTSi“, sadac mecnierul doneze Seswavlil­ia es sakiTxi da saTanado pa­suxia gacemuli am usafuZvlo pretenziaze.

komisiis iniciativiT Ta­vis droze akademikos simon janaSias rusul enaze gamo­qveynebula naSromi „istori-uli simarTlis damaxinjebis erTi magaliTis gamo“ wels (2017) iTargmna qarTulad da axla mzaddeba am naSromis inglisuri versia. naSromSi sakadrisi pasuxia gacemuli rusi avtoris n. tokarskisT­vis, vinc erevanSi gamocemul Tavis wignSi „Zveli somxeTis arqiteqtura“ (1946) qarTuli taoklarjeTis qarTuli taZ­rebi: xaxuli, bana, iSxani, opi­za da sxv. somxuri kulturis Zeglebad gamoacxada da mTel taoklarjeTTan erTad somx­ebs gadauloca.

Cveni komisiis iniciativiT welsve sruli saxiT (saqarTve­los rukis darTviT) gamoice­ma ivane javaxiSvilis ubadlo istoriuli naSromi „saqarT-velos samzRvrebi“. 1919 wels damoukidebel saqarTveloSi didi mecnieris mier wignad ga­mocemuli es naSromi sabWoTa epoqaSi arcerTxel ar gamo­qveynebula. gasuli saukunis 90­ian wlebSi Teoriulad da­moukidebel, sinamdvileSi ki damonebul da gawewildagle­jil saqarTveloSi aRniSnu­

li naSromi orjer gamoica, magram, samwuxarod, naklu­levani saxiT.

aqve SeiZleba vaxsenoT pro fesor guram gogiaSvilis moxseneba (30.07.2016) „qarT-velTa fobia ruseTSi“. rome­lic eyrdnoba avtoris mra­valwlian garjis Sedegad mo povebul masalebs, or to­mad gamocemuls rusul enaze. mzaddeba am tomebis vrceli reziume inglisur enaze.

erTob sagulisxmo iyo profesor deniza zumbaZis mox seneba (14.10.2015) rome­lic exeboda mcxeTis miwebis uka nono gasxvisebasa da mSen-eblobis proeqtebs. komisiis wevrTa TvalTaxedva da wina­dadebebi gadaegzavna premier ministris kancelarias da sa­patriarqos. sasixaruloa,rom miwebis gasxviseba da mSeneb­lobis procesi SeCerda. xolo sul axlaxans iuneskos mier mcxeTas daubrunda samuze­umo qalaqis statusi, riTac sabolood wertili daesva galaRebul kadnierebas da ukanonobas.

amave sxdomaze (14.10.2015) ganxilul iqna meore sakiTx­ic; „hereTis saxlis mdgomare-obis Sesaxeb“. momxsenebelma giorgi papiaSvilma zogadad warmoaCina saingilos dRevan­deli mZime politikuri, eko nomikuri da kulturu­li viTareba. 6) 27 oqtomb­ers erovnul problemaTa mogva rebis komisiam hereTis mkvidrT mousmina, hereTeli axalgazrdebis gulistkivi­li gaiziara da mTavrobasTan Suamdgomloba da daxmareba aRuTqva.

gansakuTrebuli yurad­Re ba miipyro profesor an­zor ToTaZis moxsenebebma (22.11.2015) da (16.05.2016) Cve-ni qveynis umZimesi demografi-uli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. sxdomebze moixaza gzebi am mdgomareobis gamosaswore­blad. masalebi gadaegzavna

#5, noemberi, 2017 3

saxelmwifo kancelarias.uaRresad mniSvnelovania

komisiis daintereseba „pan­kisis problemebiT“ komisi­is wevrebi ramodenimejer estumr nen xeobas da am kuTx­iT religiur­ekonomikur pro b lemas miuZRvnes gafar­Toebuli sxdo ma (20.01.2016). yurad saRebia is faqtic, rom Cveni komisiis wevrebi arian am xeobis cnobili, avtoritet­uli mecnierebi: (zaur gum­aSvili da xaso xangoSvili). vfiqrobT, Cvenma aqtiuro­bam Cveni xelisuflebis am kuTxisadmi yuradReba ufro gazarda.

aseve friad sagulisx­moa, rom gaimarTa akademi­asTan arsebuli miwis Sems­wavleli komisiisa da Cveni komisiis gaerTianebuli sx­doma (25.01.2016). romelSic aqtiurad monawileobda sa­patriarqos jgufi alaver­deli mitropolitis daviTis TavkacobiT. kvlavac kamaTis da gansjis sakiTxi gaxldaT mcxeTis sivrcobrivi dageg-mareba da marTva. Sejerebu­li TvalTaxedva gadaegzavna sapatriarqos da saxelmwifo kancelarias.

didi interesi gamoiwvia profesor paata giorgaZis moxsenebam „saqarTvelos bune-brivi sasmeli wylis indus-triis ganviTarebis koncef-cia-programa“ (15.04.2016). am udavod araordinarul mox­senebas cxoveli gamoxmaure­ba mohyva da gamaxvilebuli yuradRebis da farTo msje­lobis sagnad iqca. ganxilva­Si monawileoba miiRes cno­bilma sazogado moRvaweebma, dargis eqspertebma da spe­cialistebma. daskvna da dad­genileba gadaegzavna saxel­mwifo kancelarias, romelic man saqarTvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministroze gadaamisamarTa. mogvianebiT saministrodan komisiaSi Semovida uaryofiTi

pasuxi, romelic sxva arafe­ria Tu ara aRniSnul kon­cefciaprogramaSi xelovnuri aburdulobis Setanis mcde­loba.

komisiis sxdomebze sxva problemuri sakiTxebic iqna ganxiluli. didi rezonansi hqonda levan vasaZis moxsen­ebas „amis Tqmis yvelas eSinia“ (20.02.2016). yuradReba miipy­ro Tamaz tyemalaZis moxsen­ebamac „sazogadoebrivi arxis saprogramo gadacemebi da qa-rTuli sazogadoebis damoki-debuleba“ (18.12.2015).

aranakleb sainteresod wa rimarTa 2017 wlis sxdome­bi. wleuls pirveli sxdoma (27.01.2017) soflis meurne-obis strategiaSi arsebuli problemebis daxvewas mieZRv­na. momxseneblebma: gela RliR vaSvilma da irina fxov­eliSvilma, mdidari Tvalsa­Cino masalis fonze, soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis xe­lisSemSlel pirobebs gausves xazi da gansakuTrebiT gam­oyves qarTveli fermerebi, romelTac bevri moulod­neli winaRobis gadalaxva uw­evT.

miwis sakiTxebSi arse-bul problemebis Seswavlis da misi ucxoelebze gayidvis erTxel da samudamod akrZal-vis aucileblobas Seexo Ta­vis saintereso moxsenebaSi (25.04.2017) momxsenebeli gela RliRvaSvili da ganxilvasac metad cxare kamaTi mohyva. daskvnebi da gadawyvetileba saxelisuflebo samsaxurebs gadaegzavnaT da ra reagireba mohyveba maT es saqarTvelos axali konstituciis miRe­bis da gamoqveynebis Semdgom gairkveva

uaRresad saintereso da imedismomcemi gamodga eko­logiuri sakiTxebisad mi mi­ZRvnili komisiis erTer­Ti wlevandeli sxdoma (17.05.2017). moxseneba „saqarT-velos ekologia da qveynis

ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi“ gaakeTa akademiis prezident­ma giorgi kvesitaZem. mraval­ferovani TvalsaCino masalis fonze man warmoaCina saqa­rTvelos dRevandeli mZime ekologiuri problemebi da dasaxa maTi daZlevis gzebi. sasiamovno iyo imis mosmena, rom saqarTvelos unikalu­ri biomravalferovneba da uzarmazari ekologiuri po­tenciali gaaCnia. rom Cven­Si 29 niadagobriv­klimatu­ri zonaa da 6350 saxeobis mcenare xarobs, romelTa­ganac 1200 endemuri, anu adg­ilobrivi warmoSobis jiSia, maSin, roca alpebSi mcenare­Ta 4500 saxeoba gvxdeba da maTgan endemuri mxolod 350 saxeobaa. Cveni RvTivkurTxeu­li qveynis biomravalferovne­bas umniSvnelovanesi cilebis Semcveli sakvebi sokos 7000 saxeobis arsebobac adastu­rebs (SedarebisTvis: terito­riulad saqarTvelos aTjer aRmatebul ukrainaSi sakvebi sokos sul 1500 jiSia). momx­senebeli Seexo agreTve mwvane filtris teqnologias, ra­sac didi dro da Zala Seali­es Cvenma mecnierebma. Sede­gad CvenSi damuSavda misi gamoyenebis mravlisaRmTqmeli meTodi, romelic dedamiwis ekologouri SesaZleblobebis samjer gazrdis saSualebas iZleva. Seswavlil iqna mikro­organizmebi da aqtiuri Sta­mebi. gakeTda Sedareba aRmo­savleTsa da dasavleTs Soris, rac mcenareTa saxeobis zemoT motanili cifrebidanac mo­Cans. yovelive es inovaciur bioteqnologiebs warmoadgens da maTi gamoyeneba Cvens qvey­anas did sikeTes uqadis.

erTi sityviT, erovnul pro blemaTa Semswavleli ko­mi sia, SeZlebisdagvarad dgas saqarTvelos da qarTulis sadarajoze, eris satkivars aanalizebs da xandaxan miZi­ne bul xelisuflebas afxi­

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis u w y e b e b i4

zlebs.dasasrul, mainc unda

aRiniSnos, rom Cveni komisiis didi mcdelobis miuxedavad, qarTveli eris yofna aryofnis problema ara aris xerxemalSi gadatexili. raoden sawuxaric ar unda iyos, is qveynis da eris damangreveli politika, romelsac safuZveli Cauyara eduard SevardnaZem da merme am saZirkvelze Cveni samSob­los ubedurebis caTambjenad aRmarTa mixeil saakaSvilma, dResac grZeldeba. Cven gve­smis, rom am globalizaciis warRvnis da qariSxlis Jams, Znelia win aRudge im ubedur tragedias, rasac eris sikv­dili hqvia. magram am gamanad­

akaki SaniZe bednieri kaci iyo. pirobiTad Tu vityviT, perangSi dabadebuli. jer Tundac imitom, rom 100 weli icocxla. ufro zustad rom vTqvaT man icocxla 100 weli da 43 dRe.

1. arcerT qarTvel, mi si donis mecniers miso deni ar ucocxlia.

2. iyo Tbilisis nairsa-sibrZ nos (universitetis) pir vel damaarsebelTa Soris (1918).

3. saCinoebda (figurireb­da) amave nairsasibrZnos pir­vel codinarTa (profesor­Ta) gezmarTvaSi (kolegiaSi). 1917 wlis 26 Wknobidan (no­embridan), vidre nairsasi­brZnos gaxsnamde, codinarTa gezmarTvis winaswar sxdomaTa amwerebi (oqmebi) e.w. „Zeglis werani“ mis mier, misi xeliT aris dawerili.

4. man pirvelma Seqmna da gamosca udavod gzisgamkva­lavi naSromi Tanamedrove qa­rTuli enis pirveli mecnie­ruli aRnageba (gramatika) saxelwodebiT: „qarTuli gra ma tika, I. morfologia“

a k a k i S a n i Z e(14.02.1887 29.03.1987)

a m a g d a r n i

gurebel grigals nafotiviT rom ahyve da araferi iRono, da oden mavanTa Tvalis asax­vevad garegnuli, fasaduri cvlilebebiT Tavi moiwono, miutevebeli Secdomaa da da­naSauli Cveni eris da xalx­is winaSe. miT umetes, maSin, roca Cveni mezobeli qveynebi gonieri da windaxeduli mo­qmedebiT, sul mcire, Tavis gadarCenas axerxeben.

amgvari inertuloba, rasac avlens dRevandeli xelisu­fleba, xalxi da inteligen­cia, iqneba is xelovani, mwer­ali Tu mecnieri da, metic, siZulvili, romelsac avlenen liberaluri msoflmxedvelo­bis partiebi (nacebi, respub­

likelebi da sxvani), sruliad telesivrce rusTavi oridan dawyebuli da tv pirveliT damTavrebuli, e. w. arasam­Tavroboebi, sinamdvileSi ki fuls suliT miyiduli ja­SuSebi, gardauvalad amzadebs qarTveli eris sikvdils da dedamiwis piridan mis gaqro­bas! amas ki momavali Taoba, Tu ki aseTi gveyoleba, aravis apatiebs. wyevliT moixseniebs dRevandel xelisuflebasac da xalxsac da arc maRali RmerTi Segvindobs!

SeismineT qarTvelno, visac Rirseba SegvrCa, dRes Zilqu­Sis dro ar aris!

dRes sagangaSo zaris rekvis da brZolis Jamia!

(1930), romelSic Tavis adrin­del bgerul (fonetikur) da garsmcodneobiT (morfolo­giur) Ziebebs mouyara Tavi. amiT man mtkice saZirkveli Cauyara axali sawerilobo (saliteraturo) qarTuli enis Seswavlas da mis momaval kv­levas, ramac agreTve didad ganapiroba evropaSi qarTuli

enis kvlevaZiebis gamococx­lebac. naSromis meore, ar­sebiTad gadamuSavebuli da Sevsebuli gamocema „qarTuli enis gramatikis safuZvlebi, I. morfologia“ (1953), srulad asaxavs qarTuli sawerilo-bo enis aRnagebis garsmcod-neobiT agebulebas, farTod warmoadgens qarTuli enis

#5, noemberi, 2017 5

SedgenilobiT (struqturul) Taviseburebebs. axali Tan-rigebis (kategoriebis) dad­genasTan erTad akaki SaniZem SemoiRo mTeli rigi axali aRnagebiTi rqmeulebi (grama­tikuli terminebi), romlebic damkvidrdnen saerTod aR-nagebiT werilobaSi (gramati­kul literaturaSi).

5. 1931 wels man krebu­lad gamosca wlebis manZilze adgilebze monaZiebi da ru­dunebiT Cawerili xalxuri mgosnebis (poeziis) nimuSebi, saTauriT |,,qarTuli xlxuri poezia. xevsureTi“ da amiT safuZveli daudo qarTuli zepirsityvierebis mecnierul Seswavlas. gadaSli am gamoce­mas da daxurva aRar moginde­ba.

6. iyo saqarTvelos mecnie­rebaTa maRalsamyoflos (aka­demiis) pirveldamfuZnebelTa Soris (1941).

7 . iyo im sam adamians So­ris, vinc 1961 wels ierusali­mis jvris savanis (monastris) kedelze pirvelad aRmoaCina da ixila SoTa rusTavelis lesxatva (freska). da a. S.

akaki SaniZes ergo udide­si pativi Seeqmna Tanamedrove qarTuli enis aRnageba. es iyo misi RvTiuri davaleba, da man is pirnaTlad Seasrula. amiT man moixada wminda vali deda samSoblos da deda enis wi­naSe. am gmirobas veRaravin ve­rasodes gaimeorebs. SeiZleba Seiqmnas qarTuli enis aRnage-bis sxva saxelmZRvaneloc, ma­gram, rogori srulyofilic ar unda iyos msgavsi naSromi, is gverds verafriT ver au­vlis akaki SaniZis wigns da, rac umTavresia, is verasodes iqneba pirveli. am Tvalsaz­risiT akaki SaniZis ,,qarTuli enis gramatika“ ukvdavi wignia da misi Semqmneli im erTeuli qarTveli meqmebis (avtorebis) ricxvs miekuTvneba, romleb­mac me­20 saukuneSi Tavi mou­yares adrindel dargobriv

qarTvelmcodneobiT (qarTve­lo logiur) gamovlinebebs, isi ni mecnierulad ganmartes, ga na zogades, Camoayalibes, Ta viaT fuZemdeblur Ziebeb­sa da gansazRvrebebs Soreul, ganu meorebel nelsurnelebad SerTes da erT uWknob Taigu­lad Sekones.

akaki SaniZes agreTve hqonda erTi gansakuTrebu­li, RvivnaboZebi niWi. gansx­vavebiT mravalTa sxvaTagan is uricxvwilad ganwilul yovelive qarTuls da qarT­velurs erT mTlianobaSic xe­davda. misdari pirovneba dRe­sac RvTis saCuqari iqneboda CvenTvis, vinZlo Cvens mizan­dakargul, gausaZlis, ganqa­rTulebul yofas rogorme dakarguli erovnuli saxis povnaSi daxmareboda.

akaki SaniZe daibada 1887 wlis 14 lxobas (Tebervals) quTaisis ganSlilobis (guber­niis) samtrediis monazRudis (mazris) sof. noRaSi. garda­icvala 1987 wlis 23 kvirtobas (marts) TbilisSi. swavlobda quTaisis kazmul (klasikur) saganswavloSi (gimnaziaSi), sa­dac cxra wliT adre Sevida mixako wereTeli, ufro adre ki niko mari. me ar maqvs xelT misi saswavlo moswrebis ro­melime furceli, magram, ga­momdinare mecnieris Semdgomi mizanmimarTuli cxovrebidan, dauRalavi mecnieruli Zie­bebidan da saarako Sromis­moyvareobidan, vfiqrob, rom akaki SaniZe saganswavloSi si­bejiTiT gamoirCeoda, esmoda ra samomavlod codnis myari saZirkvlis imTaviTve Cayris gardauvali mniSvneloba. 1909 wels saganswavlodamTavrebu­li momavali mecnieri peter­burgis nairsasibrZnoSi Sevida aRmosavleTis enaTa ganStoe-baze (fakultetze). romelic Tavis droze warmatebiT daam­Tavra jer niko marma, Semdeg ki misma mowafem ivane javax­iSvilma. am ukanasknelma Tavis

droze peterburgSi Camoay­aliba „qarTvel mecadinTa (studentTa) samecniero wre“, romelsac 1911 wels saTaveSi Caudga mecadini (studenti) akaki SaniZe. aRniSnuli wre eweoda samecniero kvlevaZie­bas da adgenda qarTul naS-romTaRnusxvas (bibliogra­fias). aranakleb mniSvnelovani iyo is uciloba (faqti), rom wris sxdomebi ruseTis deda­qalaqSi qarTul enaze mim­dinareobda. wrem 1915 wels Tbi lisSi, ivane javaxiSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT gamosca sa­mec nie ro krebuli, sadac dai­beWda akaki SaniZis naSromi „qarTuli kiloebi mTaSi“.

swavlis gasrulebis Semdeg akaki SaniZe peterburgis nair-sasibrZnoSi datoves samuSa­od somxurqarTuli sityvaT-mcodneobis (filologiis) sad gomelze (kaTedraze), ro­melsac imJamad niko mari ga­nagebda. am xanebSi mas miwer­mowera hqonda sazRvargareT saswavleblad myof mixako wereTelTan. es ukanaskneli 26 wlis akaki SaniZeze metad maRali azrisa iyo, rogorc es mis mier ivane javaxiSvilisad­mi miwerili werilidan Cans:

`Tqven ki, batono vano, imitom gaqvT mopovebuli Rrma pativiscema da siyvaru-li Cvens gulSi, rom qarTuli mecnierebis namdvili damwyebi xarT, qarTulad swerT, qar-Tulad kiTxulobT leqciebs, saqarTvelosaTvis gindaT mecniereba. amas grZnobs yvela, amas afasebs, esmis yvelas, rom aseTi muSaobis Sedegi iqneba namdvili qarTuli mecniere-bis Seqmna, da bolos da bolos Cven mecnierebas gamoecleba is SemTxveviTi da qvelmoq-medebiTi xasiaTi, romelic mas aqamdisa hqonda. mTeli STamo-mavloba unda aRizardos am azriT, am mizniT, da saqmec sasurvelad dagvirgvindeba, Tqveni mowafeebi am azrisa ari-an peterburgSi. Tqvengan aqvsT

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis u w y e b e b i6

Canergili es didi azri. miw-ermowera maqvs a. SaniZesTan. iseTi biWi yofila, rom erTi aTiode magisTana bevr mniS-vnelovan svrels gaitans Cve-ni samSoblos samecniero kv-levis yanaze. Torem gulzed rogor ar gaskdebi kaci, CvenSi mRvdlebic aRar kadrulo-ben qarTulad weras da keke-liZe rusulad swers qarTul saeklesio mecnierebis Sesax-eb. (mixako wereTlis werili ivane javaxiSvilisadmi. haid-elbergi 03.04.1913).

male ruseTSi amboxdamxo-bis (revoluciis) zarma dare­ka da qveyana airia. ruseTSi gansaswavlad wasulma qarT­velebma samSoblos moaSures. ruseTidan jer matarebliT, Semdeg ki gemiT „dalandi“ saqarTveloSi dabrunda gal­aktion tabiZe, romelic iq saswavleblad iyo wasuli, rac SeuZlebeli Seiqna. samSoblo­So dabrundnen TbilisSi nair-sasibrZnos momavali damaarse­blebic. maT peterburgidan matareblis mzidiT (vagoniT) saqarTveloSi gamogzavnes momavali nairsasibrZnosTvis gankuTvnili didi xnis manZil­ze rudunebiT nagrovebi wigne­bi, qarTvel moRvaweTa, maT Soris, akaki SaniZis da ioseb yifSiZis piradi wignsacavebi (biblioTekebi) da sxv. mzide, romelSic wignebi iyo Catvir­Tuli, sadRac rostovtagan­rogis gadasarbenze daikarga. akaki SaniZes, visac am mzidis Tvalyuris devneba evalebo­da, mcdeloba ar dauklia, ma­gram vagons versad miagno. es iyo sakmaod mZime dartyma ganzraxuli saqmisTvis, magram aman damaarsebelTa miswrafe­ba ver SeaCera da verc SeaCe­rebda, radgan nairsasibrZnos Seqmnis metad rTul gzaze maT am droisTvis ukve araerTi winaaRmdegoba hqondaT gada­laxuli. gansakuTrebiT Zne­li da mtkivneuli gamodga im qarTvel moRvaweTa winaaRm­

degobis daZleva, romlebic qarTuli nairsasibrZnos Seqm­nis azrs daupirispirdnen. maT Soris yvelaze did saCinoebas (figuras) didi mecnieri niko mari warmoadgenda. ai, ras wers amis Sesaxeb mixako wer­eTeli Tavis saiubileo wer­ilSi „akaki SaniZe“ (dabadebis 70 wlisTavis gamo), romelic daibeWda parizSi gamomaval kale da nino saliebis moambe (Jurnal) „bedi qarTlisaSi“ (N 28 29. 06.1958. gv. 13.):

„akaki im ZvelTa msgavsad vaJkaci iyo yovelTvis, gula-di, Seupovari, Tumca bunebiT mSvidi da uwyinari: rodesac man peterburgSi gajavrebulma ixila, rom prof. n. mari, saqa-rTveloSi dabadebuli da aRz-rdili, da TviT filologiis didi msaxuri, misi maswavle-beli welTa ganmavlobaSi, qa-rTuli universitetis daarse-bas mtrulad Sexvda Tu ratom, es saidumloeba gansvenebul-ma Tan waritana, akaki mas ar moerida da, gadauxada ra didi madloba wvrTisaTvis qarT-velTa saxeliT, mkacrad amxi-la igi da ise gamoeTxova“.

amave werilSi mixako wer­eTeli didi pativiscemiT Ca­moTvlis qarTuli nairsasi-brZnos pirveldamaarseblTa saxelebs, xolo maT Soris, ivane javaxiSvilis Semdeg, gansakuTrebul pativs akaki SaniZes miagebs:

,,da am did damwyebTa Soris gamoirCeoda akaki SaniZe raRac gansacvifrebeli energiiT da saqmis siyvaruliT. da rac mas tvirTi aekida didi saqmis da-sawyisSi, TvaliT gvinaxavs da ar gvegona, Tu amas erTi kaci SesZlebda“.

pirveli sxdoma, romelic qarTuli nairsasibrZnos (uni­versitetis) daarsebis sakiTxs exeboda, TbilisSi 1917 wlis 1 Slilobas (marts) gaimarTa. am dros ruseTSi Tebervlis amboxdamxoba ukve momxdari iyo. droc, rogorc ikveTe­

ba, saamisod xelsayreli Can­da. bolos ausrules qarTve­lobas sanukvari ocneba misma Rirseulma Svilebma da 1918 wlis 8 lxobas, Zveli stiliT 26 texvras (ianvars), daviT aR­maSeneblis xsenebis dRes, qar­Tuli universiteti dafuZneb­ulad gamoacxades.

aqac winmaval kacad dar­Ca akaki SaniZe. 1920 wels is gaemgzavra svaneTSi nairsasi-brZnos pirveli mivlinebiT. ori wlis Semdeg is da korne­li kekeliZe gagzavnil iqnen moskovSi da petrogradSi, raTa maT qarTuli xelnawer­ebi da sxva siZveleni samSob­loSi daebrunebinaT. amas 1924 wels mohyva mivlineba somxeT­Si iq arsebuli qarTuli warw­erebis Sesaswavlad, ramdenime mecnierTan erTad. arsebiTad es iyo pirveli mivlinebebi Tbilisis saxelmwifo nairsa-sibrZnodan da unda aRiniS­nos, rom maT mniSvnelovani Sedegebi mohyvaT.

akaki SaniZe wlebis manZil­ze ganagebda qarTuli nairsa-sibrZnos somxur sadgomels (1918­1930), Tanamedrove qar­Tuli enis sadgomels (1919­1945, Zveli qarTuli enis sad­gomels (1945­1987). 1939 wels arCeul iqna ssrk mecniereba­Ta maRalsamyoflos (akade­miis) wevr-Semtyobineblad (wevr­ko respondentad), 1941 wels ki srulswavlulad (aka­demikosad). 1950­1952 wleb­Si iyo amave maRalsamyoflos nacval­­­­­­ (vic­epreziden­ti). sxvac bevri ram hqonda dakisrebuli did enaTmec­niers, rogorc xelmZRvanels. TiTqmis Svidi aTeuli weli imoRvawa mSobliur Tbilisis saxelmwifo nairsasibrZnoSi. am xnis manZilze cota Tu dar­Ca saqarTveloSi saxelovani pirovneba, akaki SaniZis Rvawls werilobiT rom ar gamoxmau­reboda. es gamoxmaurebebi sxva dasxva dros gamoqveynda CvenSi da da maTze xeli yve­

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las Tavisuflad miuwvdebo­da, amitom me aq isev farTo sazogadoebisTvis naklebad cnobil, zemoT ukve orjer moxmobil, mixako wereTlis saiubileo werils mivmarTav da mkiTvels gardaxvewili (em­igranti) didi qarTveli mecn­ieris da erovnuli moRvawis Sefasebas Sevaxseneb:

„ormoci weliwaadia, rac akaki SaniZe moRvaweobs qar-Tuli filologiis dargSi dauRalavad. da rac man Seqmna, igi didia da mas „didi filol-ogis“ saxeli mouxveWa. ase ix-seneben akaki SaniZes evropie-li mecnierebic, romlebic mis Sromebs icnoben. kvleva qar-Tuli enis agebulebisa, qarTu-li gramatikebi, qrestomaTie-bi, SedarebiTi gramatiuli kvleva qarTuli jgufis enaTa, da sxva, yoveli siRrmiT cod-nisa, simaxviliT gonebisa da uaRresi sisworiT meTodisa, es aris is didi Zegli qarTu-li mecnierebisa, romelsac verc erTi misi winamorbedis naSromi odnavadac ver Seedre-ba. xolo akaki ar aris marto enaTmecnieri, Rrmad mcodne agreTve mraval evropiul da aRmosavlur enaTa: igi amave dros qarTuli Zveli mwerlo-bis mkvlevaria da rac am darg-Sic mas Seuqmnia, igi sididiT eTanasworeba mis wmida enaT-mecnierul Sromebs: xanmet da haemet uZveles qarTul teqst-Ta aRmoCena palimfsestebSi da maTi gamocema, wakiTxva da ga-mocema uZveles warweraTa, ga-mocema vrcel literaturul ZeglTa, rogorc magaliTad uZveles TargmanTa oTxTavisa (saxarebisa) da maTi Sedareba aTonis veersiasTan. gamocema leqsikonTa, rogorc mag. sulx-ansaba orbelianis leqsikonisa (pirvelad gansvenebul ioseb yifSiZesTan erTad), gamocema vaxtangiseuli „vefxistyaos-nisa“ da sxva, ai kide meore didi Zegli qarTuli mecnier-ebisa, akaki SaniZis mier Seqm-

nili. (...) da kide raodeni sxva Rvawli miuZRvis akaki SaniZes qarTuli filologiis did da srul mecnierebad agebisaT-vis: kvleva qarTul dialeqt-Ta, gamocema xalxuri poeziis saukeTeso ZeglTa, dauRalavi Rvawli „vefxistyaosnis“ te-qstis kritikisTvis da dad-genisTvis, da sxva da sxva...“

akaki SaniZe daucxrom­lad iRwvoda „vefxistyaos­nis“ danaweris dasadgenad. mas mniSvnelovani wvlili mi­uZRvis rusTavels enisa da leqsikis TaviseburebaTa kv­levaSi. Sead gina poemis sity-vari (leqsi koni) da ganmarta masSi gamoyenebuli araerTi sityva. sityvari zed daur­To poemis erTerT gamocemas. mis saxels samudamod dauka­vSirda qarTuli enis uZve­lesi werilobiTi wyaroebis xanmeti da haemeti danawer-

ebis (teqstebis) aRmoCena da gamoqveyneba. ro gorc xel­mZRvanels, mas ga mocemuli aqvs qarTuli Zvel aRTqmiTi (bibliuri) da na werebi, qa­rTuli saxarebis arnadebis (redaqciebis) srulsaswav-lo (akademiuri) gamocema da a.S. saerTod, man wamoiwyo da saTanado mecnieruli si­maRle mianiWa qarTuli enis werilobiTi Zeglebis gan­sjiT (kritikul) kvlevas da mecnierul sityvaTmcodneo-biT (filologiur) gamocemas. mecnierul­gansjiTi (kriti­kuli) danarTiT aRWurvil qa­rTul danawerebs.

misi fuZemdebluri naSro­mebidan unda gamoiyos iseTi naSromebi, rogorebicaa: „we­liwadis etimologiisaTvis“ (1924), „svanuri umlauti“ (1925) da masTan dakavSirebuli sva nuri metyvelebis nimuSebi,

akademikosebi: giorgi wereTeli, akaki SaniZe, irakli abaSiZe.palestinis jvris monasterSi rusTavelis freskasTan

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis u w y e b e b i8

„qarTuli zmnis saqcevi“ (1927) da sxva.

yovelive amasTan da sxvas­Tan erTad, akaki SaniZe udide­si swavlebmcodne (pedagogi) iyo man man aRzarda mTeli Taobebi mecnierTa da mas­wavlebelTa. saTaveSi misTa macadinTa dganan didi enaT­mecnierebi arnold Ciqobava da varlam Tofuria, agreTve giorgi wereTeli, SoTa ZiZig­uri da sxva.

1987 wels 100 wlis aka­ki SaniZes SoTa rusTavelis fasCineba (premia) mianiWes. rogorc Cans, fasCinebis mes­veurebs gvian gaaxsendaT Rr­mad moxuci mecnieri da raRac sircxvilismagvari igrZnes. TiTqos didi qarTvelTmcod-nisTvis, romelmac 1961 wels ierusalimis jvris savanis kedelze, irakli abaSiZesTan da giorgi wereTelTan erTad, rusTavelis lesxatva (freska) aRmoaCina, am fasCinebis mini­Weba ufro adre ar SeiZlebo­da!

dakrZales akaki Sani­Ze nairsasibrZnos walkotSi (baRSi) Zvel megobrTa da Ta­namoazreTa gverdiT. im aqtSi (qmedSi), rom saqarTveloSi pirveli qarTuli umaRlesi saswavleblis damaarseblebs samudamo gansasveneblad maT­Tvis yvelaze Zvirfasi adgi­li gamoeyoT, uTuod RvTis xeli iyo Careuli, Torem met-damjgufeobiTi (bolSeviku­ri) xe lis ufleba, romelmac nairsasibr Znos mTavari dam­fuZnebeli didi ivane javaxiS­vili usindisod diTxova uma­Rlesi saswavleblidan, msgavs fiqrs gulSi rogor gaivleb­da.

dideba Sensas uWknob sa­marTals uzeSTaeso!

enver niJaraZe

akaki SaniZe imTaviTve swor erovnul gurdivze (poziciaze) idga. imave 1917 wlis dekemberSi, maSin, rodesac saqarTvelos Ta-visuflebamde jer kidev weliwadnaxevari iyo darCenili, man daw-era leqsi „qarTuli erovnuli himni“, es aris leqsi-gafrTxileba, leqsimowodeba romelSic naTlad Cans SemTxzvelis gulistkivi-li. namyouri (istoriuli) saTqmelisTvis man gamoiyena saleqso garsi (forma), rom

qarTuli erovnuli himni

aba, frTxild qarTvelebo, mivyveT mama­papis kvalsa!warsuls grZnobiT vigonebdeT, CavufiqrdeT momavalsa!cali Tvali pontosaken! nu vacilebT gurgans calsa!yuri vugdoT gurjiboRazs da nu vaRebT darialsa!

moswondaT da axlac moswonT Cveni qveynis mTa da veli:mziT damwvari hijazeli, gayinuli Crdiloeli,sparsi, Turqi, lek­monRoli, berZeni Tu romaeli yvela Cvensken iswrafoda, yvela maSriymaRribeli.

iyo dro, ros mmarTveloba, samarTali gvqonda sxvisi,baRdadsa da yarayorums gzebi gvedo aTas dRisi.mtrisgan bevrjel darbeula Tbilisa da quTaisi,imeds mainc arvkargavdiT suli gvaxlda SoTaisi.

sad ar dgmula Cveni fesvi: sisxli sad ar dagviRvria? erans, Turans, avRanistans yvelgan Cveni Zvlebi hyria.ficxel omSi gaxurvebulT evfratdiSla dagviSvria, Cveni sisxliT SeRebili visla dResac aris mRvria.

oTxi didi saxelmwifo, mogviWamgagvicveTia:sadRa aris Zveli romi an Zlieri sparseTia?arabeTis Zliereba, amboben, dRes zRvis wveTia,vis axsovan monRolebi? sxvebis bedic ageTia!

sami aTas welze meti gvicxovria, rogorc ersa.mraval Sav dRes movswrebivarT, magram bevrsac bedniersa.usikvdiloT arvis vuTmobT Cvens samSoblos mSveniersa.gvimRernia, kvlavac vimRerT Cvens tkbil mravalJamiersa.

sanam idens alazani, Woroxi da rion­mtkvari,sanam Tavze mcvelad gvadgas civ­gombori, lix­myinvari,ar momkvdara, arc mokvdeba saqarTvelo mocinari,metad aRar Semcirdeba misi sivrce misi mzRvari.

aba, fxizlad, qarTvelebo! mivyveT mama­papis kvalsa!warsuls grZnobiT vigonebdeT, CavufiqrdeT momavalsa!cali TvaliT pontosaken, nu vaSorebT gurgans calsa!yuri vugdoT gurjiboRazs, nu, nu vaRebT darialsa!

5 dekemberi, 1917 w. dedaqalqi

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redaqtori: enver niJaraZe

dakabadoneba: paata qorqia

uwyebebi _ saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis aTvliTi (perioduli) gamocemaibeWdeba akademiis stambaSi