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Agricultural Engineering
Obj. 6.00
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Ag Engineering Industry
• Ag mechanics is the design, operation, maintenance, service, selling and use of power machinery, equipment, structures and utilities in agriculture.
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Careers in Ag Engineering
• Power and Electricity– Electrician– Safety technician– Equipment mechanic
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Careers in Ag Engineering
• Machinery– Farm equipment mechanic– Parts person– Equipment salesperson– Small engine mechanic– Large machinery operator
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Careers in Ag Engineering
• Soil and Water Engineering– Soil conservation technician– Irrigation engineer
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Careers in Ag Engineering
• Ag mechanics, construction, and maintenance– Construction worker– Welder– Safety specialist
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Careers in Ag Engineering
• Ag Structure, equipment, and facilities– Construction supervisor– Farmstead planner– Greenhouse builder– CAD engineer
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Shop Safety
• Nearly 50% of all farm related accidents involve working with machinery
• Safety is providing an environment free from danger, risk, or injury
• Those who work in a shop should always be trained
• Those who work in a shop should pass a safety test prior to using the shop
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Shop Safety
• Keep the shop in an orderly manner• Remove unnecessary hazards (oily rags)• Wear appropriate personal protective clothing
and devices – Safety glasses– Steel toe shoes– Ear protection (prevents hearing loss when the
noise level exceeds 90 decibels)
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Safety Color Coding a Shop
• Alerts people to dangers and hazards– Red = DANGER, safety switches and fire extinguishers– Orange = WARNING, machine hazards like edges and
opening– Yellow = CAUTION, wheels, levers, knobs– Blue = INFORMATION, “out of order” signs or broken
equipment– Green = SAFETY, presence of first aid and safety
equipment
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Fire Hazards in the Shop
• Fire Triangle – components necessary for a fire– fuel, anything that will burn (oily rags, sawdust, etc)– Heat, material will burn if hot enough– Oxygen, must be present for fuels to burn
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Fire Prevention in the Shop
• Take away one of the components of the fire triangle and a fire will stop
• Safely store fuels or combustible materials• Clean shop decreases the chance of fire
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Extinguishing Fires
• Know the kind of fire extinguisher that is used for different kinds of fires prior to the fire
• Know the placement of a fire extinguisher so that time is not wasted looking for one
• When using, hold upright, pull the ring pin, and press the lever. Direct the nozzle toward the base of the fire
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Planning a Engineering Project
• Simple project plans– Completed with paper and a sharp lead pencil– Protractor for measuring and drawing angles– Compass for drawing circles and arches– A good eraser is used to make corrections– A 12” ruler for basic drawings
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Planning an Ag Engineering Project
• More Detailed Plans– A drawing board is used for attaching the drawing
paper– Masking tape is used to secure the drawing paper
to the drawing board– The T square is helpful for drawing horizontal lines– The right triangle is used for vertical lines– The scale is used to make proportions
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Planning an Ag Engineering Project
• Large Scale Projects– Use CAD– CAD can significantly reduce design time
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Basics of Drawing
• A sketch is a rough drawing, doesn’t have dimensions included
• Pictorial drawing shows all 3 dimensions at once (front, side, and top)
• Scale drawing represents an object in exact proportion, although the object itself maybe a different size
• If the scale is ¼” = 1”, then every ¼” on the drawing would equal 1” on the actual object– If you had a 2” line it would equal 8” actual because 2
divided by ¼ = 8
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Wood Projects
• The fastest way to fasten wood is by nailing with a nail hammer or nail gun
• Screws hold better than nails and are used with a screwdriver. Flathead screws is most used
• Bolt and used for fastening wood at high stress points
• Gluing wood can make the object as strong as the wood itself
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Metal Projects
• Steel is the most commonly used metal• Soapstone is a rock that is used to mark on
metal because it shows up better than pencil• A hacksaw is used for cutting metal
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Ag Mechanic Tools
• Chalk line reel– Making straight lines
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Ag Mechanic Tools
• Tape Rule– Straight or curved measuring
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Ag Mechanic Tools
• Combination Square– Determining 45 and 90 degree angles
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Ag Mechanic Tools
• Try Square– 90 degree squaring
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Ag Mechanic Tools
• Level– Leveling and plumbing
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Ag Mechanic Tools
• Hack saw– Cutting metal
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Ag Mechanic Tools
• Portable circular saw– Sawing wood in construction projects
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Ag Mechanic Tools
• Circular carbide saw blade– Used on portable circular saw
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Ag Mechanic Tools
• Coping Saw– Cutting curves and irregular cuts
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Ag Mechanic Tools
• Portable Jig Saw– Making irregular cuts
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Ag Mechanic Tools
• Countersink– Faring top of hole for recessing head for flathead
screw
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Ag Mechanic Tools
• Masonry Bit– Nailing in concrete, brick
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Ag Mechanic Tools
• Portable electric drill– Drilling holes with an external source of electricity
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Ag Mechanic Tools
• Straight shank drill bit– Drilling metal
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Ag Mechanic Tools
• Speed bore bit– Wood boring bit for electric drill
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Ag Mechanic Tools
• Ball pein hammer– Hammering metal
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Ag Mechanic Tools
• Nail hammer– Driving nails
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Ag Mechanic Tools
• Nail set– Countersinking nail heads
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Ag Mechanic Tools
• Pin punch– Driving out metal pins
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Ag Mechanic Tools
• Sledgehammer– Heavy hammering
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Ag Mechanic Tools
• Long nose pliers– Reaching into recessed areas
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Ag Mechanic Tools
• Slip joint pliers– Adjust for holding various size material
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Ag Mechanic Tools
• Groove joint pliers– Gripping when greater pressure is needed
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Ag Mechanic Tools
• C Clamp– Clamping two or more pieces of metal together
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Ag Mechanic Tools
• Drill press vise– Holding stock while drilling
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Ag Mechanic Tools
• Adjustable Wrench– Turning various size nuts and bolts
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Ag Mechanic Tools
• Combination Wrench– Turning hex and square nuts and bolts
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Ag Mechanic Tools
• Pipe Wrench – turning and holding metal pipe
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Ag Mechanic Tools
• Regular Socket– General purpose socket for turning nuts and bolts
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Ag Mechanic Tools
• Open end Wrench– Turning square head nuts and bolts