PRIMARY INNOVATION TRANSLATING SCIENCE INTO SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS GROWTH
PRESENTATION AT GROWING CONFIDENCE IN FORESTRY WORKSHOP ROTORUA 11TH JUNE 2014 JAMES TURNER, ANDREW DUNNINGHAM KAREN BAYNE, TIM BARNARD
OUTLINE
• Approaches to translating science into sustainable business growth • Range of approaches available
• Primary Innovation • Testing & adapting co-innovation approach
• Co-innovation in practice
Technology transfer: Process of introducing new ideas, tools, or processes to a user Adoption: Uptake of technologies and knowledge by a user Practice change: Change in practices that improve outcomes for users (and others) Co-innovation: The process by which networks of people bring together technological, practice, policy and market changes to improve outcomes
DICTIONARY OF TERMS
APPROACHES: TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
• Science supplying technologies through a pipeline • Communication, field days, demonstration plots,
training
• Contributed to significant productivity gains • Example: The Green Revolution
Research
End-user
APPROACHES: ADOPTION
Research Extension End-user
• Diagnose users’ needs and constraints • Surveys, interviews, financial and forest
management analysis
• Example: Farm forestry projects
Needs and constraints
APPROACHES: ADAPTATION
End-user (experimenters)
Extension
Research (collaborators)
• Demand-pull from users by collaborating in research and extension • Forest experiments, user focus & steering groups
Example: Forestry company fertiliser trials
APPROACHES: CO-INNOVATION
Research
End-user Processor
Extension
Government
Forest Advisor
• Co-innovation through multi-participant processes and partnerships • Action learning and research, system analysis, stakeholder analysis
• Emerged to address complex primary sector problems
Example: Radiata Pine Taskforce?
APPROACHES: CO-INNOVATION
APPROACHES: CO-INNOVATION
APPROACHES: CO-INNOVATION Agricultural Innovation System
CRIs
MPI
Retailer
Forestcompany
University Forestmanager
Harvesting contractor
Processors
Technology TransferResearch Development Market & value chain
CRIRetailer
University
Forestcompany
Harvestingcontractor
Processor
Forestmanager
Forest consortia
Forest consortia
Market opportunities
Pricing
TechnologyKnowledge
MBIE
Technology
Forest management
Well F
unctioning Agricultural Innovation System
Integrator
Negotiator
MPIPolicy
Translator
Broker
MBIE2
025
201
3MBIE
2025
201
3
APPROACHES TO TRANSLATING SCIENCE TO GROWTH
Approach When to use each approach
Tech Transfer
• Wanted by users • Simple to understand • No or minimal change to user practice
Adoption
• Needed by users • Simple to understand • Minimal changes to user practice • Impacts easy to see & reversible
Adaptation
• Largely unknown by user • Technology needs to be tailored to fit user practice • Requires changes to user practice • Significant impacts that are not reversible
Co-innovation
• Users & others impacted – “winners and losers” • Requires significant changes to user practice and others • Significant impacts that are not reversible
PRIMARY INNOVATION
5 years - started 1st October, 2012 MBIE funding of $7.5 million 23 researchers from 10 organisations 30 participants on the Community of Practice
from 23 organisations contributing • $990,000 direct in-kind • $750,000 direct cash from DairyNZ
Research question: Is co-innovation an effective approach for translating science into sustainable business growth?
• Deliver impact to industries in each case study • Effectiveness increases with problem complexity
Research question: How does the innovation system hinder co-innovation?
Methods: Action research – operating in real time with real people learning together using methods that
• Enhance joint learning • Continuously monitor and evaluate progress
PRIMARY INNOVATION: CASE STUDIES
Forest evaluation
Co
nte
sted
kn
ow
led
ge
Mechanisms for change
Irrigation scheme water use efficiency
Tomato-potato psyllid (TPP)/Lso
management
Timber segregation:
Forest to market (tbc)
Apple orchard pest
management
Dairy reproductive performance
Dairy reproductive performance
Sheep & beef land
management
PRIMARY INNOVATION: CASE STUDIES
Complicated
problems
Complex
problems
Dairy farm nutrient
management
SO WHAT?
• Toolbox of approaches • Technology transfer • Adoption • Adaption • Co-innovation
• Each effective in right circumstances
• Which to use when?
• Primary Innovation • Testing & adapting co-innovation in practice
• Anything new? What is different?
CO-INNOVATION IN PRACTICE
1. Participation of multiple-stakeholders
Is everybody present who is needed to • Understand the problem • Understand its causes • Develop workable solutions
Apple Futures: A strong national network • PipFruit NZ, supply groups, orchardists, exporters, packhouses,
EU/UK supermarkets, Plant & Food Research, Government funders (MPI, NZ Trade & Enterprise) and regulators
CO-INNOVATION IN PRACTICE
2. Develop a systemic view of the problem
Invest time to understand the problem • Bring in different views • Develop shared systemic view • Understand underlying causes
InCalf: Declining dairy herd reproductive performance • Herd genetics • Farm management • Strong milk prices • Loss of technologies for managing reproduction
CO-INNOVATION IN PRACTICE
3. Broker combining elements of solution
Individual or organisation focused on • Enabling all stakeholders to actively participate • Influencing the context to innovate
Apple Futures: Multi-tactic approach to residue reduction • PFR scientist brought together different areas of science • Pipfruit NZ
– Strong leadership – Funding in partnership with NZT&E – Co-ordination with collective of exporters – Created expectation for low residue apples
CO-INNOVATION IN PRACTICE
4. Solutions emerge from interactive learning
Regular ongoing interaction • Share separate knowledge • Face-to-face to access tacit knowledge • Learn from “successes and mistakes”
Land and Environment Planning Toolkit • Beef + Lamb NZ, farmers, researchers
– Learning from farmers applying toolkit – Relationships beyond funding period – Now including processors, advisors & Regional Councils
CO-INNOVATION IN PRACTICE
5. Resource on-going testing & development
Resource the post-development phase to • Challenge current practices • Undertake ongoing refinement • Respond to learning by using
Apple Futures: Research & practice change • Partnership of funders testing Apple Futures
– Tested in orchard blocks across the country – Further refinement of Apple Futures – Trialled by growers – Processes for sharing residue sampling data
CONCLUSIONS
• Toolbox of approaches for translating science to growth
• Primary Innovation • Testing & adapting co-innovation
• Co-innovation in practice
1. Participation of multiple stakeholders 2. Develop a systemic view 3. Broker combining elements of solution 4. Solutions from interactive learning 5. Resource on-going testing & development
QUESTIONS FOR YOU
What opportunities are there for you from co-innovation? What challenges are there for you from co-innovation?