PRIMARY INNOVATION TRANSLATING SCIENCE INTO SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS GROWTH

PRESENTATION AT GROWING CONFIDENCE IN FORESTRY WORKSHOP ROTORUA 11TH JUNE 2014 JAMES TURNER, ANDREW DUNNINGHAM KAREN BAYNE, TIM BARNARD

OUTLINE

• Approaches to translating science into sustainable business growth • Range of approaches available

• Primary Innovation • Testing & adapting co-innovation approach

• Co-innovation in practice

Technology transfer: Process of introducing new ideas, tools, or processes to a user Adoption: Uptake of technologies and knowledge by a user Practice change: Change in practices that improve outcomes for users (and others) Co-innovation: The process by which networks of people bring together technological, practice, policy and market changes to improve outcomes

DICTIONARY OF TERMS

APPROACHES: TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

• Science supplying technologies through a pipeline • Communication, field days, demonstration plots,

training

• Contributed to significant productivity gains • Example: The Green Revolution

Research

End-user

APPROACHES: ADOPTION

Research Extension End-user

• Diagnose users’ needs and constraints • Surveys, interviews, financial and forest

management analysis

• Example: Farm forestry projects

Needs and constraints

APPROACHES: ADAPTATION

End-user (experimenters)

Extension

Research (collaborators)

• Demand-pull from users by collaborating in research and extension • Forest experiments, user focus & steering groups

Example: Forestry company fertiliser trials

APPROACHES: CO-INNOVATION

Research

End-user Processor

Extension

Government

Forest Advisor

• Co-innovation through multi-participant processes and partnerships • Action learning and research, system analysis, stakeholder analysis

• Emerged to address complex primary sector problems

Example: Radiata Pine Taskforce?

APPROACHES: CO-INNOVATION

APPROACHES: CO-INNOVATION

APPROACHES: CO-INNOVATION Agricultural Innovation System

CRIs

MPI

Retailer

Forestcompany

University Forestmanager

Harvesting contractor

Processors

Technology TransferResearch Development Market & value chain

CRIRetailer

University

Forestcompany

Harvestingcontractor

Processor

Forestmanager

Forest consortia

Forest consortia

Market opportunities

Pricing

TechnologyKnowledge

MBIE

Technology

Forest management

Well F

unctioning Agricultural Innovation System

Integrator

Negotiator

MPIPolicy

Translator

Broker

MBIE2

025

201

3MBIE

2025

201

3

APPROACHES: CO-INNOVATION

Example: Dutch egg value chain

APPROACHES TO TRANSLATING SCIENCE TO GROWTH

Approach When to use each approach

Tech Transfer

• Wanted by users • Simple to understand • No or minimal change to user practice

Adoption

• Needed by users • Simple to understand • Minimal changes to user practice • Impacts easy to see & reversible

Adaptation

• Largely unknown by user • Technology needs to be tailored to fit user practice • Requires changes to user practice • Significant impacts that are not reversible

Co-innovation

• Users & others impacted – “winners and losers” • Requires significant changes to user practice and others • Significant impacts that are not reversible

PRIMARY INNOVATION

5 years - started 1st October, 2012 MBIE funding of $7.5 million 23 researchers from 10 organisations 30 participants on the Community of Practice

from 23 organisations contributing • $990,000 direct in-kind • $750,000 direct cash from DairyNZ

Research question: Is co-innovation an effective approach for translating science into sustainable business growth?

• Deliver impact to industries in each case study • Effectiveness increases with problem complexity

Research question: How does the innovation system hinder co-innovation?

Methods: Action research – operating in real time with real people learning together using methods that

• Enhance joint learning • Continuously monitor and evaluate progress

PRIMARY INNOVATION: CASE STUDIES

Forest evaluation

Co

nte

sted

kn

ow

led

ge

Mechanisms for change

Irrigation scheme water use efficiency

Tomato-potato psyllid (TPP)/Lso

management

Timber segregation:

Forest to market (tbc)

Apple orchard pest

management

Dairy reproductive performance

Dairy reproductive performance

Sheep & beef land

management

PRIMARY INNOVATION: CASE STUDIES

Complicated

problems

Complex

problems

Dairy farm nutrient

management

SO WHAT?

• Toolbox of approaches • Technology transfer • Adoption • Adaption • Co-innovation

• Each effective in right circumstances

• Which to use when?

• Primary Innovation • Testing & adapting co-innovation in practice

• Anything new? What is different?

CO-INNOVATION IN PRACTICE

1. Participation of multiple-stakeholders

Is everybody present who is needed to • Understand the problem • Understand its causes • Develop workable solutions

Apple Futures: A strong national network • PipFruit NZ, supply groups, orchardists, exporters, packhouses,

EU/UK supermarkets, Plant & Food Research, Government funders (MPI, NZ Trade & Enterprise) and regulators

CO-INNOVATION IN PRACTICE

2. Develop a systemic view of the problem

Invest time to understand the problem • Bring in different views • Develop shared systemic view • Understand underlying causes

InCalf: Declining dairy herd reproductive performance • Herd genetics • Farm management • Strong milk prices • Loss of technologies for managing reproduction

CO-INNOVATION IN PRACTICE

3. Broker combining elements of solution

Individual or organisation focused on • Enabling all stakeholders to actively participate • Influencing the context to innovate

Apple Futures: Multi-tactic approach to residue reduction • PFR scientist brought together different areas of science • Pipfruit NZ

– Strong leadership – Funding in partnership with NZT&E – Co-ordination with collective of exporters – Created expectation for low residue apples

CO-INNOVATION IN PRACTICE

4. Solutions emerge from interactive learning

Regular ongoing interaction • Share separate knowledge • Face-to-face to access tacit knowledge • Learn from “successes and mistakes”

Land and Environment Planning Toolkit • Beef + Lamb NZ, farmers, researchers

– Learning from farmers applying toolkit – Relationships beyond funding period – Now including processors, advisors & Regional Councils

CO-INNOVATION IN PRACTICE

5. Resource on-going testing & development

Resource the post-development phase to • Challenge current practices • Undertake ongoing refinement • Respond to learning by using

Apple Futures: Research & practice change • Partnership of funders testing Apple Futures

– Tested in orchard blocks across the country – Further refinement of Apple Futures – Trialled by growers – Processes for sharing residue sampling data

CONCLUSIONS

• Toolbox of approaches for translating science to growth

• Primary Innovation • Testing & adapting co-innovation

• Co-innovation in practice

1. Participation of multiple stakeholders 2. Develop a systemic view 3. Broker combining elements of solution 4. Solutions from interactive learning 5. Resource on-going testing & development

QUESTIONS FOR YOU

What opportunities are there for you from co-innovation? What challenges are there for you from co-innovation?