![Page 1: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in BioProspecting
27 May, 2010
![Page 2: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
![Page 3: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
![Page 4: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
CBD Convention on Biological Diversity
4
193 countries in CBD (2010)
• Conservation• Sustainable Use• Benefit Sharing (incl. capacity building)
• Resource country’s right
![Page 5: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Bioprospecting
Bioprospecting is an effort to find academic or commercial values from biological diversity
![Page 6: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Biopiracy
Bio prospecting activities without Prior Informed Consent (PIC)
– From authority or community, if necessary– Should include benefit sharing scheme
![Page 7: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Are you from local institute?
Are you from public sector ?
You have proper permission?
Are you from public sector ?
You have proper permission?
You have proper permission?
You have proper permission?
Yes
Yes
Authorised bioprospector
Bio Pirates
No, we are foreigner
No we are from private Yes
NO !YES !
No we are from private
![Page 8: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Keys for good ABS practice
Nimura Principles
1. Keep Biological Resources in Resource Countries2. Practical Technology Transfer3. Sharing Intellectual Properties (IP) with Resource Countries
![Page 9: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Value of Resources: Expectation Gap between owners and users
Med
icin
al V
alu
e of
B
iolo
gica
l Res
ourc
es Expectation of Resource Countries
Expectation of Resource Countries
Reality in User
Countries
Reality in User
Countries
soil samples
isolated
micr
obes
extracts
leads
patent
medici
nes
pre-cli
nical
clinica
l
purified
hit
compoundhit e
xtracts
![Page 10: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Access to resources should be this?
Ideal to user country
Ideal to resource country
Low high
1. From collection to Drug development
in resource country
1. From collection to Drug development
in resource country
2. User establish itslaboratory in
resource country
2. User establish itslaboratory in
resource country
3. Research as much as possible in
resource country
3. Research as much as possible in
resource country
4. Free supply ofBiological material
4. Free supply ofBiological material
Possibility to be accepted by user country
![Page 11: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Governmental partners in Malaysia
11
Universiti Malaysia SabahUniversiti Malaysia Sabah
![Page 12: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Governmental partners in Bhutan
12
Royal government of BhutanMinistry of Agriculture and forestryNational Biodiversity Centre
![Page 13: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Resource country NGSNGS client
ABS scheme
• IPR (co-own among 3 parties)• Client has no direct negotiation• Technology transfer is carried out through NGS• Biological Resources will not go out of Resource country, unless any process is impossible to carry out in Resource country.
AgreementRoyalty + Mileston
To NGS
Agreement
![Page 14: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Research Result example 1
14
CH3
O
O
O
H3C H3C HO
O
OO CH3
CH3
OR1
H3C
R3HOOH
H3CO
CH3CH3OH
O
O O
CH3
OHOH
CH3H3C
R2O
Malaysian application2006/05
PCT application2007/05Japan, US, EU
Novel anti-biotics (Bispolides)
Microbispora sp
![Page 15: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Research Result example 2New invention on non-pharmaceuticals
Application of New Firefly Luciferase to Patent Registration officein Malaysia on 25th of Feburary, 2010
Applicant:Olympus CorporationNimura Genetic Solutions Co., Ltd.Perak State Development Corporation
![Page 16: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
NGS model
16
ResourceCountry X,Y,Z…
ResourceCountry X,Y,Z…BhutanBhutan
MalaysiaMalaysia
NGS(J)SBCSBC
FRIMFRIM
UMSUMS
NGS(M)
ClientsClientsNGS Group
ClientsClients
![Page 17: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Approved and similar
Under negotiation
Future target
Future expanding plan
![Page 18: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Conclusion
Bioprospecting is one of most important method of Sustainable Use of Biodiversity
Proper ABS scheme is required Resource Countries’ demands should be
entertained Resource Countries’ support is also
important
18
![Page 19: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Thank you for your attention
![Page 20: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Bioprospecting activity: Bioprospecting activity: Misconstrued for BiopiracyMisconstrued for Biopiracy
Bioprospecting activity: Bioprospecting activity: Misconstrued for BiopiracyMisconstrued for Biopiracy
Chairman NIMURA Satoshi
< National Conference on Agrobiodiversity >
![Page 21: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Contents
1. What is Bioprospecting?• pre CBD and post CBD• Operation example
2 . What is Biopiracy?• Definition
3. How do we do in CBD era?• Expectation gap between resource countries
and user countries• Operation examples
4. Conclusion: For reasonable ABS.
![Page 22: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
What is Bioprospecting ?
It was called “Plant Hunting”
![Page 23: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
History of Bioprospecting ( PreCBD)
Bioprospecting was a respected adventure as well as a part of expanding policy
European big countries competed for bioresources.
Their quest for spices. Captain Cook
![Page 24: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
History of Bioprospecting ( PreCBD)
Big names in plant-hunting
Sir Joseph BanksMost famous British plant hunter in 18 C.
As a Director General of Royal Kew Garden, organized plant hunters to overseas. with Navy assist.
Rosa banksiae was named after his wife.
![Page 25: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
History of Bioprospecting ( PreCBD)
Big names in plant-hunting
Philipp Franz von Siebold
Charles R. DarwinDutch biologist stayed in Japan. Introduced Many Japanese indigenousPlant to Europe.
His theory comeThrough his experienceAs onboard biologist.
![Page 26: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
Big names in plant-hunting Alfred ・ R. Wallace and Wallace line
History of Bioprospecting ( PreCBD )
![Page 27: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
History of Bioprospecting ( PreCBD)
Famous incident Mutiny on the Bounty
The Bounty had a mission to deliver seedlings
Of Bread fruit from Tahiti to East Indies.
No.2 kicked out Captain from the Bounty.
![Page 28: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
History of Bioprospecting ( PreCBD)
FAO’s statement ( 1983 ) 「 International Undertaking on Plant Genetic
Resources 」
“Biological Resources belong to all mankind.” “ common treasure”
Still dominant idea for many scientists.
![Page 29: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
History of Bioprospecting ( PreCBD )
As a Strategic Resources
Merck & Costa Rica
Access right to bio resources
in Costa Rica(1991)
First Exclusive Access
agreement of its kind
This agreement indicates biological access could be
Strategic resources to fight for, as petroleum.
Costa Rica INBio
![Page 30: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
Heat-up discussionsSouthern counters against Northern globalization.Resource countries consider it as great advantage
for protecting their right.
Domestic regulationsPhilippines' president order 247India’s biodiversity lawetc.
CBD arrived
![Page 31: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
Definition of Bioprospecting
Bioprospecting is an effort to find academic or commercial values from biological diversity
Common image of prospecting
![Page 32: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
Bioprospecting (NGS’s case)
Collection trip
![Page 33: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
Bioprospecting (NGS’s case)
Soil collection isolation
collectionCharacterization Genetic analysisfermentation
Extraction Assays
HIT
Structure elucidation
![Page 34: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
NGS company profile
Company Neural Genetic Solutions Co., Ltd.Established 26 June, 2000Address 2nd Floor, 1-19-10, Osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0032Management Chairman Satoshi Nimura
President Keiichi KiyotaCapital 410,000,000 yen (about US$3.8 mil)Staff 15 ( 7 PhD. 3 Master, as of Nov. 2006 )Company Nimura Genetic Solutions (M) Sdn. Bhd
Established Dec 2000 ( Oct 2002 Lab start operation )Capital RM 2,030,000 (about US$550,000)Staff 28 ( 1 PhD. 7 Master, 10 Bachelor as of Nov. 2006 )Address Third floor, Chemistry Building,
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
Kepong 52109, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
![Page 35: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
Biopiracy: definition
Bio prospecting activities without Prior Informed Consent (PIC)
– From authority or community, if necessary– Should include benefit sharing scheme
![Page 36: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
Difference between Bioprospecting and Biopiracy
BioprospectingBioprospectingLegal
Bioprospecting
Legal Bioprospecting
Illegal Bioprospecting
Illegal Bioprospecting
Foreigner’s Bioprospecting
Domestic Bioprospecting
academic
academic
CommercialCommercial
Commercial Commercial
![Page 37: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
How do we do in CBD era?
Foreign company has to cope with these.
1. Discussion for agreement
2. Operation of collaboration
3. Avoid Speculations
4. Handling of
Intellectual property
![Page 38: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
Value of Resources: Expectation Gap between owners and users
Med
icin
al V
alu
e of
B
iolo
gica
l Res
ourc
es Expectation of Resource Countries
Expectation of Resource Countries
Reality in User
Countries
Reality in User
Countries
isolates
identifi
ed st
rains
active i
solateslea
ds
patent
medici
nes
pre-cli
nical
clinica
l
hit extra
cts
purified
hits
extracts
![Page 39: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
Access to resources should be this?
Ideal to user country
Ideal to resource country
Low high
1. From collection to Drug development
in resource country
1. From collection to Drug development
in resource country
2. User establish itslaboratory in
resource country
2. User establish itslaboratory in
resource country
3. Research as much as possible in
resource country
3. Research as much as possible in
resource country
4. Free supply ofBiological material
4. Free supply ofBiological material
Possibility to be accepted by user country
![Page 40: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40
Business Scheme 1
Extract supply scheme• Controllable• Not beneficial
![Page 41: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
41
Business Scheme 2
Screening contract scheme• improvement• client satisfaction is a problem
![Page 42: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
42
Business Scheme 3
Client visit scheme• more commitment from client• better improvement
![Page 43: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
43
Real Biopiracy or not?
Speculation can kill the company. Rootless rumor is an offence.
Big established companies have proper internal regulation for not committing Biopiracy.
Through our practical observation, academic fields commit more Biopiracy, unconsciously.
![Page 44: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) in Bio Prospecting](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/557b2d74d8b42a796a8b579a/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
44
Conclusion
Bioprospecting is not Biopiracy at all, If proper process is taken.
Biopiracy is not always carried out by foreigners and commercial people, by domestic and academic people as well.
Prevent rootless negative speculation or misuse of the word “Biopiracy” is essential for foreign investment into Malaysia.