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Steven Glyer
Director Education Technology and CTE
Newport-Mesa Unified School District
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Elementary
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Elementary
High School
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Elementary
High School
College
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Elementary
High School
Family
College
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Elementary
High School
FamilyMarriage
College
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Elementary
High School
FamilyMarriage
College
Career
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$1 Trillion Dollars$1 Trillion Dollars
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3,000,000,000 people3,000,000,000 people
year 2000year 2000
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$250
$275
$300
$325
$350
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS from 1970 to 2005 (in 1982 dollars)
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Commission on the Skills of the American Workforce Report:
America’s Choice: High Skills or Low Wages
Released Spring 1990
Commission on the Skills of the American Workforce Report:
America’s Choice: High Skills or Low Wages
Released Spring 1990
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Released December 2006
The Report of the New Commission
On the Skills of the American Workforce
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Engineering Graduates
950,000
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Engineering Graduates
United States
60,000
950,000
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Engineering Graduates
United States
60,000
950,000 135,000
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NumberONE
NumberONE
AerospaceAerospace
WasteManagement
WasteManagement Health
CareHealthCare
EntertainmentEntertainment
EnergyEnergy
BioTechnology
BioTechnology
NanoTechnology
NanoTechnology
AutomotiveAutomotive
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20th Century
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$1 Trillion Dollars$1 Trillion Dollars
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21st Century
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Moving work, but not people
from rich nations to poor nations.
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What nation, rich or poor, is there greater incentive to automate?
What nation, rich or poor, is there greater incentive to automate?
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Expertise
Flexibility Learn Fast
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CHALLENGECHALLENGE
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Schools Today
Created for the 20th CenturyCreated for the 20th Century
FactoryWorkers
FarmWorkers
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Learning & Thinking Skills
• Critical Thinking & Problem Solving Skills
• Creativity & Innovation Skills
• Communication & Information Skills
• Collaboration Skills
• Contextual Learning
• Information & Media Literacy
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Creativity: The ability to see patterns and possibilities where others see chaos.
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Innovation: Acting on these patterns or possibilities to produce goods and services.
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4 Year College BA Degree4 Year College BA Degree
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“One Way to Win”
• Pressure• High Stakes Testing• Globalization• Professional Careers• All Decent Jobs Will
Require a BA
• Social Class & Status• Prejudice Against
Non-professional Work
• Equal Opportunity• Open Admission• Financial Aid
• NCLB
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Post High SchoolPost High School
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For every twenty 9TH graders
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For every twenty 9TH graders
6 graduates are work-bound
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For every twenty 9TH graders
6 graduates are work-bound 6 drop out
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For every twenty 9TH graders
6 graduates are work-bound
8 become college freshman
6 drop out
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For every twenty 9TH graders
6 graduates are work-bound
8 become college freshman
6 drop out
4 are college dropouts
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For every twenty 9TH graders
6 graduates are work-bound
8 become college freshman
4 graduate from college
6 drop out
4 are college dropouts
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For every twenty 9TH graders
6 graduates are work-bound
8 become college freshman
4 graduate from college
2 secure high skills/high wage occupations
6 drop out
4 are college dropouts
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For every twenty 9TH graders
6 graduates are work-bound
8 become college freshman
4 graduate from college
2 secure high skills/high wage occupations
6 drop out
4 are college dropouts
2 are underemployed
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Remedial Educationin Higher Education
Source: National Center for Education Statistics, 2000b
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Remedial Educationin Higher Education
Source: National Center for Education Statistics, 2000b
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Remedial Educationin Higher Education
Source: National Center for Education Statistics, 2000b
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Remedial Educationin Higher Education
Source: National Center for Education Statistics, 2000b
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Demand for Higher Educationto the Year 2010
Source: US Dept. Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2004
Degree Supply Demand% Under-
Employed
Doctoral 47,100 76,000 0%
Master’s 439,000 63,400 86%
Bachelor’s 1,324,000 730,400 45%
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What Work Requires
Source: Silvestri Study, 1997
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What Work Requires
Source: Silvestri Study, 1997
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What Work Requires
Source: Silvestri Study, 1997
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Job Growth
Occupation % Growth 2002 2012
Environmental
Engineers38.2%
Accountants &
Auditors19.5%
Source: U.S. Dept. of Labor’s Monthly Labor Review (Hecker, 2004, p. 80)
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Job Growth
Occupation % Growth 2002 2012
Environmental
Engineers38.2% 47,000 65,000
Accountants &
Auditors19.5% 1,055,000 1,260,000
Source: U.S. Dept. of Labor’s Monthly Labor Review (Hecker, 2004, p. 80)
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Job Growth
Occupation % Growth 2002 2012
Environmental
Engineers38.2% 47,000 65,000
Accountants &
Auditors19.5% 1,055,000 1,260,000
Source: U.S. Dept. of Labor’s Monthly Labor Review (Hecker, 2004, p. 80)
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“The largest source of job openings is NOT from job growth but from the need to replace individuals who retire.”
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What Does Business Want?
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Distribution of Work
Distribution of Work 1
2
7
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Orange County – Education/Training Requirements for Occupations
3%7%
19%
6%
8%
19%
38%
Graduate Degree
BA + Experience
BA Degree
AA Degree
12 Month OJT
1-12 Month OJT
30 Day OJT
Source: California Employment Development Dept, 2005
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Occupations Requiring Higher EducationJob Growth & Average Hourly Wage
Occupation Job Growth ‘02-’12 Ed/Training Req Avg Hr Wage – ‘05
Microbiologists 20 PhD $26.32
Postsecondary Teaches, All Other 7,350 PhD $40.61
Mental Health counselors 150 MA/MS $20.43
Librarians 140 MA/MS $27.65
Lawyers 920 LLD/MD $62.95
Family & General Practitioners 60 LLD/MD $70.18
Health Diagnosing & Treating Practitioners* 40 LLD/MD $32.41
General & Operations Manager 5,460 BA/BS + Exp $54.55
Administrative Services Managers 770 BA/BS + Exp $39.70
Financial Analysts 430 BA/BS $34.16
Computer Software Engineers, Applications 3,750 BA/BS $34.81
Electronics Engineers, except Computer 460 BA/BS $39.94
Market Research Analysts 810 BA/BS $31.39
Elementary School Teachers, except Sp Ed 5,010 BA/BS $27.81
Physician Assistants 110 BA/BS $37.85
25,480 $40.44Source: California Employment Development Dept, 2005
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Occupations Requiring Higher EducationJob Growth & Average Hourly Wage
Occupation Job Growth ‘02-’12 Ed/Training Req Avg Hr Wage – ‘05
Microbiologists 20 PhD $26.32
Postsecondary Teaches, All Other 7,350 PhD $40.61
Mental Health counselors 150 MA/MS $20.43
Librarians 140 MA/MS $27.65
Lawyers 920 LLD/MD $62.95
Family & General Practitioners 60 LLD/MD $70.18
Health Diagnosing & Treating Practitioners* 40 LLD/MD $32.41
General & Operations Manager 5,460 BA/BS + Exp $54.55
Administrative Services Managers 770 BA/BS + Exp $39.70
Financial Analysts 430 BA/BS $34.16
Computer Software Engineers, Applications 3,750 BA/BS $34.81
Electronics Engineers, except Computer 460 BA/BS $39.94
Market Research Analysts 810 BA/BS $31.39
Elementary School Teachers, except Sp Ed 5,010 BA/BS $27.81
Physician Assistants 110 BA/BS $37.85
25,480 $40.44Source: California Employment Development Dept, 2005
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Occupations Requiring Low EducationJob Growth & Average Hourly Wage
Occupation Job Growth ‘02-’12 Ed/Training Req Avg Hr Wage – ‘05
Computer Support Specialists 1,460 AA $22.70
Registered Nurses 3,770 AA $32.28
Cooks, Restaurant 3,480 12 mos OJT $10.29
Carpenters 4,350 12 mos OJT $22.30
Medical Assistants 2,150 1-12 mos OJT $14.01
Customer Service Representatives 6,820 1-12 mos OJT $16.04
Construction Laborers 3,080 1-12 mos OJT $14.79
Textile Cutting Machine Setters, Ops & Tenders 690 1-12 mos OJT $8.69
Truck Drivers, Heavy & Tractor-Trailer 1,380 1-12 mos OJT $17.55
Nursing Aides, Orderlies & Attendants 1,920 30-days OJT $11.15
Security Guards 2,540 30-days OJT $10.20
Waiters & Waitresses 7,430 30-days OJT $8.34
Landscaping & Grounds keeping Workers 6,100 30-days OJT $10.69
Retail Salespersons 9,460 30-days OJT $13.12
Helpers, Construction Trades, All Other 90 30-days OJT $12.17
54,720 $14.67
Source: California Employment Development Dept, 2005
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Occupations Requiring Low EducationJob Growth & Average Hourly Wage
Occupation Job Growth ‘02-’12 Ed/Training Req Avg Hr Wage – ‘05
Computer Support Specialists 1,460 AA $22.70
Registered Nurses 3,770 AA $32.28
Cooks, Restaurant 3,480 12 mos OJT $10.29
Carpenters 4,350 12 mos OJT $22.30
Medical Assistants 2,150 1-12 mos OJT $14.01
Customer Service Representatives 6,820 1-12 mos OJT $16.04
Construction Laborers 3,080 1-12 mos OJT $14.79
Textile Cutting Machine Setters, Ops & Tenders 690 1-12 mos OJT $8.69
Truck Drivers, Heavy & Tractor-Trailer 1,380 1-12 mos OJT $17.55
Nursing Aides, Orderlies & Attendants 1,920 30-days OJT $11.15
Security Guards 2,540 30-days OJT $10.20
Waiters & Waitresses 7,430 30-days OJT $8.34
Landscaping & Grounds keeping Workers 6,100 30-days OJT $10.69
Retail Salespersons 9,460 30-days OJT $13.12
Helpers, Construction Trades, All Other 90 30-days OJT $12.17
54,720 $14.67
Source: California Employment Development Dept, 2005
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Occupations Requiring Low EducationJob Growth & Average Hourly Wage
Occupation Job Growth ‘02-’12 Ed/Training Req Avg Hr Wage – ‘05
Computer Support Specialists 1,460 AA $22.70
Registered Nurses 3,770 AA $32.28
Cooks, Restaurant 3,480 12 mos OJT $10.29
Carpenters 4,350 12 mos OJT $22.30
Medical Assistants 2,150 1-12 mos OJT $14.01
Customer Service Representatives 6,820 1-12 mos OJT $16.04
Construction Laborers 3,080 1-12 mos OJT $14.79
Textile Cutting Machine Setters, Ops & Tenders 690 1-12 mos OJT $8.69
Truck Drivers, Heavy & Tractor-Trailer 1,380 1-12 mos OJT $17.55
Nursing Aides, Orderlies & Attendants 1,920 30-days OJT $11.15
Security Guards 2,540 30-days OJT $10.20
Waiters & Waitresses 7,430 30-days OJT $8.34
Landscaping & Grounds keeping Workers 6,100 30-days OJT $10.69
Retail Salespersons 9,460 30-days OJT $13.12
Helpers, Construction Trades, All Other 90 30-days OJT $12.17
54,720 $14.67
Four groups with technical skills 16.400 $22.03
Source: California Employment Development Dept, 2005
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IEP. . . . How about
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IEP. . . . How about
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Structuring the High School Program of Study
• Three broad objectives– Developing core academic skills– Developing career maturity– Preparation for post-high school transition
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Gd. K-6 Gd. 7-8 Gd. 9-10 Gd. 11-12
Vocabulary
Meet the Parents
Explore Alternatives
Verify Those Alternatives
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For every twenty 9TH graders
6 graduates are work-bound
8 become college freshman
4 graduate from college
2 secure high skills/high wage occupations
6 drop out
4 are college dropouts
2 are underemployed
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For every twenty 9TH graders
6 graduates are work-bound
8 become college freshman
4 graduate from college
2 secure high skills/high wage occupations
6 drop out
4 are college dropouts
2 are underemployed
NOTWORKING
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Tentative careerInterest identified
Career interestsVerified and refined
High School After High School
9th – 10th 11th – 12th 13th
Honors APHonors AP
BaccalaureateBaccalaureate
Pre-baccalaureate/Tech prep
Pre-baccalaureate/Tech prep
Work-basedLearning/co-op
CTE
Work-basedLearning/co-op
CTE
CoreAcademic
CoreAcademic
Work-basedLearning/co-op
CTE
Work-basedLearning/co-op
CTE
Dualenrollment/
middlecollege
Dualenrollment/
middlecollege
Competitive4-year college
Competitive4-year college
4-year college4-year college
1- or 2-yearTechnical
college
1- or 2-yearTechnical
college
Full-time employmentApprenticeship
Military
Full-time employmentApprenticeship
Military
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One Way to Win is a Myth
• Future economic security is a 4-yr degree• Mostly fiction with a dash of truth• Students believe this –
– 94% plan to continue their education– 84% at the baccalaureate level
• What profession at age 30– 49% male & 69% female PROFESSIONAL
• And this is regardless of a academic ability or interest
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One Way to Win is a Myth
• Parent pressure is increasing– Today 83% sophomores– 10 years ago 65%
• Teachers and Counselors– 1982 32%– 1992 65%
• First hint that “One Way” has problems– At best, only half graduate from a 4-year
college
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One Way to Win is a Myth
• We assume that all who go to college are academically qualified– But only 40% of high school grads have
academic readiness for college level work
• Thus when 60-70% who go off to college, the majority of these are unprepared
• And most who begin a 4-year college take remedial courses.
• And the majority who do, don’t graduate
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One Way to Win is a Myth
• Second flaw is the scarcity of college-level jobs for those who do graduate– 1960’s 1 in 5 failed to find college-level work– 1990’s 1 in 3 failed– Today in accounting and teaching 1 in 2
• Third flaw is cost – student loans
• Finally the unmeasured cost to youth who give up
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One Way to Win is a Myth
• We must reach out to parents
• Involve them in secondary course selection
• Must be given objective data on probabilities of their child’s success in different post-secondary alternatives
• And on the financial costs involved
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One Way to Win is a Myth
• We need to create a systematic program for career development and guidance
• It should have 3 goals– By 10th grade identify one or more career
interests– In grades 11 and 12 verify those choices as
a basis for making post-secondary plans– Students should graduate with a post-
secondary plan that has a high probability of success
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One Way to Win is a Myth
• But this target group is most likely to exhibit “career immaturity”
• They don’t know, so they go with the “one way to win” strategy
• They will continue to do this unless– An effort is made to develop a process– To confront the realities of their plans– And provide alternatives
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SCHEMA FOR STUDENT PROGRESSION THROUGH THE SYSTEM
International Baccalaureate
(IB) Exams
State BoardTransfer
Examination
AdvancedPlacement
(AP) Exams
TechnicalExams
Choice of one or more of the exams above
Upper SecondaryAcademic Program(Nominal 2 Yrs., e.g., AP, IB)
RegionalVocational School,
Community orTechnical College
(Nominal 2-3 Years)
OptionalAdditionalAcademics
STATE BOARD QUALIFYING EXAMINATION
Common School(Nominal 10 Grades)
Preschool and Kindergarten
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