Download - A spatial neuroepidemiology of Australia visualising the current and future impact of the dementias
A Spatial Neuroepidemiology of Australia: Visualising the Current and Future Impact of the Dementias
AuthorsHamish Robertson
Nick NicholasAndrew Georgiou
Andrew HayenJoanne Travaglia
Contents
• Introduction• Population ageing as a global phenomenon• Ageing in Australia• The dementias and neurodegeneration• Spatial patterns of dementia• The value of a geographic perspective• Conclusion
JapanGermany
ItalyGreece
PortugalSweden
Euro area (17 countries)Finland
European Union (27 countries)AustriaEstonia
DenmarkG7
FranceSpain
BelgiumSwitzerland
HungaryUnited Kingdom
SloveniaNetherlands
Czech RepublicNorwayCanada
AustraliaPoland
LuxembourgNew ZealandUnited States
RussiaIcelandIreland
KoreaIsraelChile
BrazilTurkey
ColombiaMexico
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7.06.4
OECD 2012 Populations Aged 65+ (%)
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Ageing Trends 1960-2010 (% 65+)Selected OECD Countries
Australia European Union (27 countries) G7Germany Italy JapanSweden United States
Australia’s Projected Growth in People Aged 65+ Source: ABS, B Series Projection
201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026202720282029203020312032203320342035203620372038203920402041204220432044204520462047204820492050
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Total 65+
Sum of Total 65+ for each Year Year. Details are shown for Year Year.
Projected Ageing and Compositional Change
Neuroepidemiology• Broadly speaking any disorder of the human nervous system with an
emphasis on brain and CNS disorders as well as conditions affecting the peripheral nervous system;
• Sub-group of these are the hereditary and non-hereditary neurodegenerative diseases such as epilepsy, stroke, Parkinson's Disease, MS, ALS and Huntington's Disease
• In general the prevalence and incidence of the neurodegenerative conditions rise with age and many are highly age-correlated;
• Major neurodegenerative conditions associated with ageing include the dementias; Parkinson’s disease; movement and gait disorders etc
• The dementias include especially Alzheimer’s disease, Vascular Dementia, Dementia with Lewy bodies and mixed dementias
Name
Warri
ngah (A)
Ku-ring-gai (A
)
Sutherland Shire
(A) -
East
Randwick (C
)
Gosford (C
) - W
est
Canterbury (C)
Rockdale (C
)
Wollo
ngong (C) -
Inner
Ryde (C
)
Gosford (C
) - East
Hornsby (
A) - South
Tweed (A) -
Tweed-Heads
Hurstvil
le (C)
Fairfield (C
) - East
Wyo
ng (A) -
North
-East
Wyo
ng (A) -
South and West
Wollo
ngong (C) B
al
Shoalhaven (C
) - Pt B
Newcastl
e (C) -
Throsby
Sutherland Shire
(A) -
West
Holroyd
(C)
Lake
Macq
uarie (C
) - W
est
Lake
Macq
uarie (C
) - East
Lake
Macq
uarie (C
) - N
orth
Port Macq
uarie-H
astings (
A) - Pt A
Blue Mountains (
C)
Woolla
hra (A)
Wave
rley (
A)
Hornsby (
A) - N
orth
Willo
ughby (C)
Port Stephens (
A)
Bankstown (C
) - N
orth-W
est
Pittwater (
A)
Blacktown (C
) - South-East
Kogarah (A)
Coffs Harbour (
C) - Pt A
Great Lake
s (A)
Bankstown (C
) - South
Greater Taree (C
)
Ballina (A
)
Liverpool (C
) - East
Newcastl
e (C) -
Inner C
ity
North Syd
ney (A)
Eurobodalla (A
)
Wingeca
rribee (A
)
Ashfield (A
)
Marrickv
ille (A
)
Maitland (C
)
Penrith (C
) - W
est0
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AD in Top 50 NSW SLAs2006 and 2026
Visualisation: Projected AD in Coastal Queensland
Making the Invisible Visible (in Google Earth anyway)
Mapping Health Facility – People Relationships
Accessibility to Services
Some Spatial Dimensions of AgeingSource: After Hugo, 2014
• Older people have lower levels of personal mobility which means they are restricted in their ability to travel long distances to obtain services and interact
• Housing is often the major element in older people’s assets and some don’t own their own home
• The home is usually perceived as a safe place compared to institutional environments
• Their local area is often where their main (remaining) social contacts are located• Their home can hold many important memories crucial to their wellbeing• Many aspects of our health and social care systems fail to acknowledge this• People with dementias are often required to relocate when they are at their
most vulnerable• Spatial relationships between need and resource allocation highly variable
The Value of a Geographic Perspective• Spatial variation in diseases, disability and pre-cursor conditions• But not just Cartesian locational/instrumentalist approaches• Location as deeper and more dynamic – complexity in motion• Space/place theory and practice• Long history of environmental gerontology (waxes and wanes but still
not highly influential)• All social policy changes have geographic effects• Population ageing is therefore a deeply geographic phenomenon• And it is an opportunity for geography/ers
Conclusion• Population ageing is a rising global demographic phenomenon • It adds a new level of complexity to health, illness, social policy and
systemic responses (we have a poor history on ageing, the Workhouse etc)• Collective and individual ageing are deeply geographical -> spatial, place
and relationality of ageing• This can be seen in the clinical domain of age-related neurodegeneration –
variation includes space-place factors • Visualisation methods are growing in sophistication, scope and acceptance• Geography will be central to how we respond to ageing in the 21st century• The potential consequences of failed aged care policies are enormous