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A Radical Revolution
Chapter 11, Section 2
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Radical Background
• _____________ held Louis XVI captive– Demanded suspension of
monarchy and called for a national convention
– Led by _____________
• Convention occurs in September of 1792
• Commune wanted a new government and to draft a new constitution– Last was drafted and approved
in 1791
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Fate of a King• The National Convention
consisted of young, Enlightenment-era men– First step – abolish the
monarchy and set up a Republic
• What happens to the king?– Split into 2 factions
• _____________ – Mostly people outside the cities, wanted to keep Louis XVI alive
• _____________ – Mostly inside the cities, wanted Louis XVI dead
• January 21, 1793, Louis XVI is beheaded– New enemies created both at
home and abroad
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A Response to Crises• Within France
– Western France and major cities across France refuse to listen to National Convention
– _____________, the local government in Paris, favored the radical change and encouraged more radical moves
• Outside France– Austria, Prussia, Spain, Portugal,
Britain, and the Dutch Republic take up arms in response to Louis XVI’s death
– Ready to invade by mid 1793
• Response?– _____________ formed
• 12 members with power over military, judicial and legislative branches
• Headed by Georges Danton and then Maximilien Robespierre
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The Reign of Terror• Focus on France
– Revolutionary armies set up to crush rebellion
– Clergy and Nobles – 15% of those killed, Commoners – 85%
– Committee of Public safety claimed this was best for France
• Lyon and Nantes– Thousands killed to “set an
example” for rebels– Guillotine used as primary
source of execution
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Republic of Virtue• Committee of Public Safety
hoped to create a new order in France– _____________ would be
modeled after ancient Rome– A democratic republic composed
of “good citizens”
• Drastic changes– Wanted a primary education– Slavery abolished in colonies– Price limits on goods– Policy of dechristianization
• Removing saintly names• Adoption of a new calendar
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A Rising Force• Threat of invasion from most
of Europe– Not happy about execution of
Louis XVI
• August 1793 - Committee of Public Safety decrees a universal mobilization of the nation– Within a year, over 1 million
troops in France
• Push back the invading European nations, even taking the Austrian Netherlands
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The End of Terror
• _____________, despite having defeated foreign and home enemies, continued the Reign of Terror– Continued to promise the
Republic of Virtue would soon follow
• July 1794 – National Convention decides to act, votes to kill _____________
• Reign of Terror slowly came to a halt
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The Directory• A new constitution is written in
August 1795– Committee power reduced, most
policies removed
• _____________ formed– Lower House (Council of 500)
proposes legislation– Upper House (Council of Elders)
accepts or rejects legislation
• Electors, or individuals qualified to vote, chose legislators
• Council of Elders chose The Directory from a list of candidates provided by the Council of 500
• Directory held power until 1799– Radicals and Royalists led by
_____________ perform a coup d’etat, or overthrow of the government