Download - A European Revolution
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A European Revolution
The Reformation
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Agenda
Early Reformation Review /Image Analysis Review (Including Notes)
The Reformation Spreads
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The Geography of Religion
A Review Exercise
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Distribution of Major Religions
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A European Revolution
The Reformation
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And so our little story begins…
In Italy… Rome to be exact…
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With Two Medici
Popes…(Remember, this is the family that began the Renaissance)
The two popes are:
1. Pope Leo X
2. Pope Clement VII (at right as Cardinal)
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More concerned with might…
And magnificence than their role as priests.
The Popes were a little sensitive about this issue (their power had been on the decline for some time).
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The Explanations for Church Decline
Get ready to record some notes…
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Reason 1: The Plague
Remember what that was? Ick. One-third of Europe’s population will die during the mid-14th century.
The Church couldn’t explain why God had forsaken Europe, which undermined Church authority in the eyes of the public.
The Church didn’t grasp germ theory – or science, for that matter.
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Reason 2: Merchant Class
The Merchant Class is growing.
They have money. They want to make more of it. They want to charge interest, which they called USURY.
The Church disagreed with this policy (calling it a sin), upsetting the Merchant Class.
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Reason 3: Nation-States
Nation-States are on the rise.
Nation-States are loose political boundaries of people with similar cultural experiences (language, religion, values, etc.).
The leaders of Nation-States want power too. And they must take it from Rome.
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Reason 4:
Let’s get back to our story. (Don’t worry, you don’t need to fit all of this in the box. There will be a summation in a few moments, but you should try to follow the chain of events.
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Old St. Peter’s (a Church) was too plain…
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So the Medici’s planned…
To build a new church, far bigger and more beautiful than ever seen before.
To do so, they would hire the most famous artist in the world.
Guess who?
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Raphael
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They built Saint Peter’s Basillica (see below)
Wowsers!
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But at what cost?
The popes did not care as long as it was completed.
Monks and priests, in an effort to please the popes, collected money by making the faithful pay for the forgiveness of their sins.
They called it “selling indulgences.” That this violated Church teaching mattered
not.
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The ____________ Sellers…
Insert Image #1
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The Indulgence Sellers…
Insert Image #1
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Martin LutherTook offense to the irreligious
nature of this fundraising enterprise and made his
opinions known.
He tacked them on the door of the church for all to see.
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Reason 4:
In conclusion, many thought the Church was corrupt for selling people salvation. How rude!
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The 95 ThesesDisputation on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences
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The Main Gripes
Indulgences are bad Sola Fide - Salvation by faith alone Bible is the ultimate authority All are equal in the eyes of God
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The Papal Bull
INSERT IMAGE #2
3. Document or decree issued by the Pope.
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Diet of Worms
Diet – Assembly or Meeting
Purpose – To challenge Luther’s teachings and writings.
Emperor – Charles V
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Diet of Worms
Diet – Assembly or Meeting
Purpose – To challenge Luther’s teachings and writings.
Emperor – Charles V
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Luther at Warburg Castle
Heretic - a baptized Roman Catholic who willfully and persistently rejects any article of faith.
The Book – The Bible
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The Reformation Spreads
Insert Image 5
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The Protestant Church is Born…
Others would follow suit.
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Let’s backtrack for a moment…
John Wycliffe
Challenged the authority of the Church
Wanted to translate the Bible
Declared a heretic by the Church after his death
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Let’s backtrack for a moment…
Jan Hus
Challenged the authority of the Church
Burned at the stake in 1415
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INSERT IMAGE #6
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Now Back to our story…
John Calvin
French Theologian
Studied Luther
Believed in predestination; that faith was revealed by
living a righteous life
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Henry VIIIEnglish King
Breaks from Catholic church because the Church won’t
grant him a divorce
Establishes Church of England
Claims Papal property for England
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Key Places of the Reformation
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Germany
German Princes see opportunity to seize power for Nation-States – convert to Protestantism
The Ruling Monarchy, the Hapsburgs, remains Roman Catholic.
Disagreement turns to war – The Thirty Years’ War
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France
Calvin forced out, but many French Calvinists, called Huguenots (Hew-guh-nots), remain.
In 1598, Catholic Monarchy grants the Edict of Nantes, mildly protecting the Huguenots in France as long as they acknowledge that Catholicism is better.
Ehhh…the Huguenots can live with that. Religious tolerance is born.
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England
Henry VIII, not your typical reformer. He loves the ladies, but wants a son. Catherine of Aragon does not oblige. Henry wants a
divorce, which isn’t allowed in the Catholic Church. He breaks from the Catholic Church, forming the Church
of England, placing himself at its head, and authorizes his own divorce.
Just for good measure, he seizes all papal property for the crown.
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The Reformers owe everything to…
Johan Gutenberg and his printing press.