Single-Framed CartoonsSingle-Framed Cartoons
Simple visual messages in one Simple visual messages in one frameframe
Three typesThree types::
CaricaturesCaricatures
EditorialEditorial
HumourousHumourous
Lascaux Cave Painting
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Single-Framed Cartoons:
Caricatures
Word “caricature” from Italian caricare:
to load, to exaggerate by means of often ludicrous distortion of parts or characteristics.
Egyptian ArtworkEgyptian Artwork
PompeiiLeonardo Da Vinci Caricatures 3
Single-Framed Cartoons
Caricatures
Annibale Carracci and Relatives
In Italian the word came from Annibale, Agostino and Ludovico Carracci who invented modern caricature in 1590
Annibale Carracci caricatures 1595 4
Single-Framed Cartoons
Caricatures - Antiportraits
Political caricature in 1600s
Louis XIV in France and Queen Anne in England called them "antiportraits”
Political cartoons played role in the French Revolution and the Napoleonic era
Early Political Caricature5
Single-Framed Cartoons: Single-Framed Cartoons: Caricatures Caricatures
Analysis Requires Knowledge: William Pitt and Napoleon dividing the world between them
"Plumb Pudding in Danger", James Gillray, 1805
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Features are exaggeratedFeatures are exaggerated
Need to know those in public eyeNeed to know those in public eye
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Single-Framed Cartoons: Caricatures Single-Framed Cartoons: Caricatures
By Anthony Jenkins Globe & Mail
Al Hirschfeld
American caricaturist, known for simple Black and White satirical portraits of celebrities
Unique style
One of the most important and influential figures in contemporary caricature
Usually just simple black ink and lines on white background
Captured likeness with minimal lines.8
Single-Framed Cartoons: CaricaturesSingle-Framed Cartoons: CaricaturesAl Hirschfeld Al Hirschfeld (1903-2003) (1903-2003)
Editorial
Making a point!
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Single-Framed Cartoons: EditorialSingle-Framed Cartoons: Editorial
William Hogarth:
Founder of English editorial cartoons about 1731
Published drawings showed living conditions with moral intent
Influenced many
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Single-Framed Cartoons: EditorialSingle-Framed Cartoons: Editorial
William Hogarth: A Harlot's Progress
Benjamin Franklin
Revolution
Founder of American political cartooning
Benjamin Franklin's famous rallying cry for unity- Join or Die- a divided snake showing the colonies
Benjamin Franklin’s Call to Arms
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Single-Framed Cartoons: EditorialSingle-Framed Cartoons: Editorial
James Gillray
Napoleon
England James Gillray lampooned King George III as "Farmer George" and Napoleon as "little boney"
Gillray became very famous and went insane
Early 1800s with lithography cartoons appeared more in magazines and newspapers
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Single-Framed Cartoons: EditorialSingle-Framed Cartoons: Editorial
"Plumb Pudding in Danger", James Gillray, 1805
Napoleon once said that the English caricaturist James Gillray “did more than all the armies in Europe to bring me down.”
Thomas Nast
1862 Harper's hired Thomas Nast to cover the Civil war
Drawings improved morale and Lincoln said he had done much to preserve the union
Boss Tweed
Nast famous for campaign against corrupt politician William Tweed; Nast's 50 cartoons increased circulation They attempted to bribe Nast with $100,000 to study abroad
Boss Tweed – Gangs of New York 2002 DiCaprio movie
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Single-Framed Cartoons: EditorialSingle-Framed Cartoons: Editorial
Boss TweedNast’s Santa
MagazinesMagazines
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Single-Framed Cartoons: EditorialSingle-Framed Cartoons: Editorial
Respected humour magazine Illustrations
Punch 1841 Vanity Fair 1859
Canadian cartooning began Montréal 1849 with Punch in Canada. Modeled after its British Punch, Canadian Punch featured cartoons by John Henry Walker.
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Single-Framed Cartoons: EditorialSingle-Framed Cartoons: EditorialCanadian MagazinesCanadian Magazines
Punch in Canada 1849
Canadian Illustrated News 1869
More successful was Canadian Illustrated News Montréal 1869 with work of many artists, cartoonists. One was the Frenchman Edward Jump, who specialized in caricatures of political figures. Jump worked on the paper from 1871 until 1873, when he left for the United States. Jump lampooned the nation's leaders.
Toronto Globe reporter, John Wilson Bengough, launched an irreverent cartoon weekly called Grip on May 24, 1873.
The first major English-Canadian humour magazine, Grip survived for 22 years
Bill Mauldin:
WWII: "Willie and Joe” and Civil Rights
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Single-Framed Cartoons: EditorialSingle-Framed Cartoons: Editorial
Affecting attitude change
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Single-Framed Cartoons: EditorialSingle-Framed Cartoons: Editorial
Herbert Block /Herblock
Civil Rights Era
Herb Block editorial cartoonist took on politically powerful
Herb Block responsible for coining the term McCarthyism to describe the senator's communist witch hunt
His drawing of shifty eyed Nixon became a symbol
Paul Conrad (1924-2010)
Rodney King Beating-
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Single-Framed Cartoons: EditorialSingle-Framed Cartoons: Editorial
Michael Ramirez
Janet Jackson Superbowl incident, 2004
Controversial halftime show
later referred to as a “wardrobe malfunction”
“ Nipplegate” led to immediate crackdown and widespread debate on perceived indecency in broadcasting.
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Single-Framed Cartoons: EditorialSingle-Framed Cartoons: Editorial
Humorous
Puck, 1871 and Judge, 1881
The New Yorker, 1925, Harold Ross
Charles Addams
Gary Larson
Art Spiegelman
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Single-Framed Cartoons: HumourousSingle-Framed Cartoons: Humourous
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Single-Framed Cartoons: HumourousSingle-Framed Cartoons: Humourous
Puck 1871 Judge 1881
(Harold Ross) Known for its cartoons and short humorous sketches
Rea Irvin created Eustace Tilley, a New York gentleman in early 19th century, for first cover. Tilley so popular that every February he appears on cover.
The New Yorker famous for its cartoons
Popular stereotype is cartoons punch lines so non sequitur that they are impossible to "get".
( inspired an episode of the sitcom Seinfeld.)
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Single-Framed Cartoons: HumourousSingle-Framed Cartoons: Humourous
Eustace Tilley
The New Yorker, 1925
The New Yorker
Peter Steiner ,1993 The cartoon marks a notable
moment in the history of the Internet.
When he created it, Steiner attached no profound meaning to it!
“On the Internet, nobody knows you’re a dog”
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Single-Framed Cartoons: HumourousSingle-Framed Cartoons: Humourous
Gary Larson The Far Side
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Single-Framed Cartoons: HumourousSingle-Framed Cartoons: Humourous
Multi-Framed Cartoons
Egyptian Paintings
Greek Vases
Japanese "Continuity Paintings”
Bayeux Tapestry, 1067
Flip Books
Comic strips historically from papyrus paintings in Egypt portraying scenes of wrestlers fighting;
Greek vases also had sequential drawings as well as Japanese paintings; novelty toys that simulated motion in 1500s inspired animators
230 foot long Bayeux Tapestry: William the Conqueror, Battle of Hastings
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Multi-Framed CartoonsMulti-Framed Cartoons
Comic Strip Stamps26
Multi-Framed Cartoons: Comic StripsMulti-Framed Cartoons: Comic Strips
German Wilhelm Busch is called founder of modern comic strip for his comic Max and Moritz in 1865 newspaper
Wilhelm Busch: Max and Moritz
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Multi-Framed Cartoons: Comic StripsMulti-Framed Cartoons: Comic Strips
First colour comic strip Pulitzer's Sunday World 1895 Hogan's Alley by Richard Outcault
Social commentary about poor kids in tenements- Central character kid in a yellow shirt - The strip became known as The Yellow Kid of Hogan's Alley - the sensationalist tactics that journalists use to increase circulation were labeled “yellow journalism”
Showed class and racial tensions in new urban, consumer society.
A mischievous group of New York City kids from the wrong side of the tracks.
Richard Outcault – The Yellow Kid
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Multi-Framed Cartoons: ComicsMulti-Framed Cartoons: Comics
Satire of Pulitzer and Hearst
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Multi-Framed CartoonsMulti-Framed Cartoons
Leon Barritt 1998 editorial cartoon: Pulitzer and Hearst stirring up American public to go to war with Spain
Slapstick simplicity, detailed
characterization-Visual and verbal creativity
Widely praised by intellectuals and treated as serious art.
Krazy Kat described as surreal and violent,
Krazy Kat, undefined gender- antagonist Ignatz Mouse, Krazy Kat has unrequited love for Ignatz Mouse
Inspired artists like Chuck Jones and Tex Avery to create Bugs Bunny- equally absurd and violent - furthering the concept that violence resolves conflict
George Herriman‘s “Krazy Kat”
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Multi-Framed Cartoons: ComicsMulti-Framed Cartoons: Comics
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Action/Adventure Action/Adventure
Multi-Framed Cartoons: Comic StripsMulti-Framed Cartoons: Comic StripsBuck Rogers began 1928
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Action/Adventure Action/Adventure
Dick Tracy began 1931 in Detroit Mirror
Multi-Framed Cartoons: Comic StripsMulti-Framed Cartoons: Comic Strips
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1950s-1960s and beyond - political and social satire 1950s-1960s and beyond - political and social satire
Multi-Framed Cartoons: Comic StripsMulti-Framed Cartoons: Comic Strips
Walt Kelly’s Pogo
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Max Gaines 1930s
Max Gaines credited with the introduction of the first comic book,
Funnies On Parade
Max’s 1933 comic was a compilation of newspaper "funnies" and given away as a promotion
Inexpensive and ”4 colour" graphics.
Even after the first comic book was sold on the newsstand (Famous Funnies #1 1934), the medium continued to rely on reprinted material.
Max Gaines –first comic book
Multi-Framed Cartoons: Comic BooksMulti-Framed Cartoons: Comic Books
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Superman, 1938
Jerry Siegel and Joe Schuster were turned down at first with,
"We are in the market only for strips likely to have the most extra-ordinary appeal, and we do not feel Superman gets into this category.”
United Features responded that Superman was "a rather immature piece of work."
Multi-Framed Cartoons: Comic BooksMulti-Framed Cartoons: Comic Books
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Superman, 1938
DC Comics (Detective Comics) began in 1937. Max Gaines began Action Comics and bought the strip and signed them
Were told to rewrite parts within 3 weeks for 13 page story and paid them $10 a page.
Joe Shuster lived in Toronto until 10 yrs old; had worked for The Star and used it as the inspiration, paper was the Daily Star in earliest Superman stories.
Metropolis skyline was inspired not by Cleveland, where he lived, or New York, but by Toronto.
Movie Directors Learned Filmmaking
Multi-Framed Cartoons: Comic BooksMulti-Framed Cartoons: Comic Books
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Multi-Framed Cartoons: Comic BooksMulti-Framed Cartoons: Comic BooksCanadian Comics
1941 Nelvana of the Northern Lightsby Adrian Dingle. Nelvana fought the Axis Powers, super villains, spies
1942 Johnny Canuck by Leo BachleCanuck fought Hitler and evil doers
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“Seduction of the Innocents” written by Frederic Wertham-waged war on comics unwholesome elements
1948, some of the comic publishers formed the Association of Comic Magazine Publishers
Attack on Comics 1940s/50s Comic Code Authority
Multi-Framed Cartoons: Comic BooksMulti-Framed Cartoons: Comic Books
William Gaines: MAD Magazine, 1954
Mad converted to a magazine format to escape the censor's knife
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Art Spiegelman's MAUS, 1987
Spiegelman narrates the story of his father’s life in the Holocaust as well as his own as a second generation affected by it
A graphic novel defined as a fictional story presented in comic-strip format and presented as a book
Multi-Framed Cartoons: Graphic NovelsMulti-Framed Cartoons: Graphic Novels
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Frank Miller’s Sin City, 2005hard-boiled detective story-neo-noir
comic
Multi-Framed Cartoons: Graphic NovelsMulti-Framed Cartoons: Graphic Novels
Harvey Pekar’s American Splendor, 2003
The stories concern the everyday life of Pekar and his job as file clerk
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Multi-Framed Cartoons: MangaMulti-Framed Cartoons: Manga
Japanese "Manga"
Manga is a Japanese term that can be translated as "whimsical sketches”
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The Magic Lantern 1675
Christiaan Huygens and father Athanasius
An early slide projector.
The user projected images on glass onto a screen by moving
them in front of a flame
Multi-Framed Cartoons: AnimationMulti-Framed Cartoons: Animation
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Praxinoscope 1882
Emile Reynaud
Assistant Emile Cohl provided the drawings
Multi-Framed Cartoons: AnimationMulti-Framed Cartoons: Animation
Reynaud opened first theatre in 1882
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Emile Cohl 1907
Credited with the starting point of animation in film.
Fantasmagorie
Multi-Framed Cartoons: AnimationMulti-Framed Cartoons: Animation
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George Melies
Trip to the Moon, 1902
Mieles was magician and pioneer of film-used early trick ideas, multiple exposures
Trip to the Moon was hugely successful but not financially…it was heavily pirated!
Multi-Framed Cartoons: AnimationMulti-Framed Cartoons: Animation
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Winsor McCay
Little Nemo 1911, Gertie 1914
Winsor claimed he invented animated cartoon, inspired by flippers
Multi-Framed Cartoons: AnimationMulti-Framed Cartoons: Animation
Little Nemo
Gertie
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Max Fleisher(1883-1972)
The Tantalizing Fly 1919
Pioneer in animated cartoons
Characters Betty Boop, Koko the Clown, Popeye, and
Superman
Responsible for a number of technological innovations
Fleischer, brother Dave & Lee De Forest made the first
cartoon with sound, Oh Mabel
Multi-Framed Cartoons: AnimationMulti-Framed Cartoons: Animation
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Walt Disney
Snow White & Beauty and the Beast
Multi-Framed Cartoons: AnimationMulti-Framed Cartoons: Animation
1928 Steamboat WillieFirst fully synchronized
soundtrack
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Chuck Jones & Tex Avery Chuck Jones & Tex Avery
Looney Tunes - Merry Melodies
Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck,
Road Runner, Wile E Coyote
Multi-Framed Cartoons: AnimationMulti-Framed Cartoons: Animation
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Hanna and BarberaHanna and Barbera The Flintstones 1960-66
Imitated “The Honeymooners”
Primetime
Most financially successful network animated franchise for 3 decades (until The Simpsons)
The Jetsons 1962-1987
“The Jetsons' world is our world: explosive technological advances, entrenched bourgeois culture, a culture of enterprise that is very fond of the good life.” Jeffrey Tucker
Multi-Framed Cartoons: AnimationMulti-Framed Cartoons: Animation
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Jay Ward Jay Ward (1920-1989(1920-1989)
Multi-Framed Cartoons: AnimationMulti-Framed Cartoons: Animation
“The Simpsons created an audience for prime time animation that had not been there for many years…as far as I’m concerned they
basically reinvented the wheel” Seth McFarlane
“The Simpsons created an audience for prime time animation that had not been there for many years…as far as I’m concerned they
basically reinvented the wheel” Seth McFarlane
2014, According to international box-office count, Frozen is now the highest
grossing animated film of all time.
2001 ‘s Shrek won the first ever Academy Award for Best Animated
Feature