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DRUG
STUDY
Classification: ANTI-INFECTIVES-Quinolones
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GENERICNAME
INDICATION ACTIONCONTRAINDICATIO
N
PRECAUTION/ADVERSEREACTION
NURSINCONSIDER
N
Ciprofloxacin
BRANDNAMECiprobay
DOSAGE250-500mgBID
Infections ofthe resp.tract, middleear,paranasal sinuses,eyes,kidneys,urinary tract
InhibitsbacterialDNAgyrasethuspreventingreplicationinsusceptiblebacteria
Drugs that inhibitperistalsis. Infantsand children,growingadolescents.Pregnancy andlactation
PRECAUTIONSevere andpersistentdiarrhea duringand aftertreatment
ADVERSE RXNCommon:Nausea,diarrhea,
vomiting, rashUncommon:Anorexia,headache,dizziness, fever, GI andabdominal pain,flatulence,confusion, vertigo
>Assess pprevioussensitivityreaction>Assess pany s/s ofinfection b& duringtreatment>Assess f
adversereactions>assess pfamilysknowledgedrug ther
Classification: GASTROINTESTINAL DRUGS-Laxatives
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GENERICNAME
INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONPRECAUTION/
ADVERSEREACTION
NURSINGCONSIDERATIO
LACTULOSE
BRAND NAMEduphalac
DOSAGEInfants: 5 mlChildren:1-6 y/o- 5-10ml7-14y/o-
15ml15-45y/o- 15-30ml.
Dose given in3 days
Constipation,
salmonellosis.Treatmentof hepaticencephalopathy
Inhibitsbacterial
DNAgyrasethuspreventingreplication insusceptible
bacteria
Pt who require alow lactose diet.
Galactosemiadeficiency.Intestinalobstruction.
PRECAUTION:Lactose
intolerance,diabetes
Adverse Rxn:Abdominaldiscomfortassociatedwithflatulence and
intestinalcramps.Nausea,vomiting,diarrhea onprolongeduse.
>Assess conditiobefore therapy a
reassess regularthereafter to modrugs effectiven>Monitor pt for
adverse GI reactnausea,vomitinghea,>Assess for advereactions
>for pt. with hepencelopathy:regularly assessmental condition>monitor I & O>monitor for Incglucose level indiabetic pts
Classification: ANTI-ALLERGICS_Anti-histamine
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GENERICNAME
INDICATION ACTIONCONTRAINDICATIO
N
PRECAUTION/ADVERSEREACTION
NURSINCONSIDER
N
levocetirizine
BRANDNAMEXyzal
DOSAGEAdult andadolescentsmore than12 yrs- 1tab/dayPedia: 6-12yrs- 1 tab/day
Treatment ofsymptomsassociatedwith allergicconditions(includingocularsymptoms)
Long-acting non-sedatingantihistamine thatselectivelyinhibitsperipheralHIreceptors
Pts with severerenal impairment,pts with rareproblems ofgalactoseintolerance
PRECAUTIONAdjustment ofdose isrecommended inelderly pts w/compromisedrenal function.Lactation.
ADVERSE RXN
Dry mouth,headache,fatigue, rhinitis,abdominal pain,migraine
>obtain pinc. drug hand anyunkownallergies>monitorpulse, BP,respiration> observedizziness a
excessivesedation
Classification: ANTI-INFECTIVES-Penicillins
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GENERICNAME
INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONPRECAUTION/
ADVERSEREACTION
NURSINCONSIDERA
Amoxicillin
BRANDNAMEAmoxil
DOSAGEAdult: 250-500mgevery 8hours
Children:20-40mg/kg/day divideddosagegiven every8 hrs
Infections of theresp. tract, skin
& skinstructures,paranasal sinuses,genitourinarytract, otitismedia, sinusitis,meningitis,septicemia
Preventsbacterial
cell wallsynthesisduringreplication.
Hypersensitivityto penicillins,
cephalosporins.Not used to treatpneumonia,bacteremiapericarditis duringacute stage.
PRECAUTION:Hypersensitivit
y: rxn rangefrom mild tolife threatening
ADVERSE RXN:Dizziness,fatigue,insomnia, skin
rashes, itchyeyes, sore ordry mouth,abnormal tastesensation,diarrhea, rectalbleeding
>obtain phx of aller
>Assess any s/s ofinfection>Assess fpts sensitto penicillothercepalospo>assess fo
allergic rxduring the>Assess fbowel patif diarrheashld bediscontinu
Classification: CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS-Calcium Antagonist
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GENERICNAME
INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONPRECAUTION/
ADVERSEREACTION
NURSCONSIDER
TELMISARTAN
BRANDNAMEPritor
DOSAGEAdult: 20-80mg daily,usual
startingdose 40mgdaily
Treatment ofhypertension
Blocks thevasoconstricti
ve ansaldosterone-one-secretingeffects ofangiotensin IIby selectivelyblocking thebinding ofangiotensin II
to the ATIreceptor inmany tissues
Hypersensitivity,pregnancy,
lactation. Severehepatic or renalimpairment
PRECAUTION:Can cause
death to thefetus if used onthe 2nd
trimester,safety inchildren not yetestablished
ADVERSE RXN
Diarrhea andangioedema.Sinusitis,pharyngitis,upper resp.tract infection,back pain
>assess condition
before th>Assessheart fail>Assess obstructi
jaundice>monitopossible induced
adverse >closemonitorinBP and p
Classification: ANTI-DIARRHEALS
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GENERICNAME
INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONPRECAUTION/
ADVERSEREACTION
NURSINCONSIDERA
LoperamideHCl
BRANDNAMEIMODIUM
DOSAGEAdult:initially 2cap;
subsequentdose a capafter everystool
Symptomatic control of
acute andchronicdiarrhea
Acts on thenerve endings
&/orintramuralganglia of theintestinal wallto decreaseintestinalmotility,resulting toprolonged
retention offeces in theintestines
Those in whomconstipation must
be avoided,children less than1 yr,hypersensitivity,abdominaldistention
PRECAUTION:Hepatic
dysfunction,chronicdiarrhea,dehydration
ADVERSE RXNHypersensitivity reactions,flatulence,
abdominalpain,distention ordiscomfort,nausea andvomiting
>assess pbowel patt
>checkresponse a48 hrs>Assesshydration>assess foabdominadistention>inform pt
that dry mmay berelieved byfrequent sof water, hcandy orsugarless
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Classification: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DRUGS-Anti-anxiety
( Anticonvulsant/Hypnotics/Sedatives/Anxiolytics)
GENERICNAME
INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONPRECAUTION/
ADVERSEREACTION
NURSINCONSIDERA
DIAZEPAM
BRANDNAMEValium
DOSAGEAdult: 250-500mg
every 8hoursChildren:20-40mg/kg/day divideddosagegiven every8 hrs
Symptomaticrelief ofanxiety,agitation,tension
Facilitates/potentiatestheinhibitoryactivity ofGABA at thelimbicsystem andreticular
formationto reduceanxiety,promotecalmnessand sleep
Hypersensitivity.Dependence,withdrawalsymptoms
PRECAUTION:Hypersensitivity:cardiorespiratoryinsufficiency,pregnancy,lactation
ADVERSE RXNDizziness,fatigue,blurred vision,dependence,withdrawalreactions
> inform pt.drug may betaken with fo>advice pt. abruptlydiscontinue after long teuse>advice pt.
avoid drivingactivities tharequire alertbec, drug cacause drows>inform pt. smoking madecrease eff
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Classification: DIETARY/NUTRITIONAL DRUGS-Vitamins and Minerals
GENERICNAME
INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONPRECAUTION/
ADVERSEREACTION
NURSCONSIDER
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Calciumcarbonate
BRANDNAME
Calci-Aid
DOSAGEAdult: 1-2capsulesdailyPedia:1-2 tabletsdaily
Antacid,calciumsupplement,osteoporosis
Decreasestotal acid loadof GI tract.Increaseesophageal
sphinctertone
Hypercalcemia,bone tremors,severe renalfailure,hypersensitivity
PRECAUTION:History ofstoneformation,pregnancy
ADVERSE RXNConstipation,flatulence,diarrhea, renaldysfunction,acid rebound
> adminias antacifter mealat bed tim>adminis
suppleme hrs aftmeal andbed time>advice increase to 2L unlcontraindd
Classification: ANTI-ASTHMA
GENERICNAME
INDICATION ACTIONCONTRAINDICATIO
N
PRECAUTION/ADVERSEREACTION
NURSINCONSIDERA
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Salbutamol
BRANDNAMEVentolin
vilmax
DOSAGEAdult: 8mgtablet BIDPedia: 3-12yrs4mg tabBID
Reversibleairwayobstructionincludingbronchial
asthma,chronicbronchitis
Facilitates/potentiatestheinhibitoryactivity of
GABA at thelimbicsystem andreticularformation toreduceanxiety,promotecalmness
and sleep
Hypersensitivity PRECAUTION:Hyperthyroidism,DM,cardiovasculardisease
ADVERSE RXNFine tremor ofskeletal muscle,feeling oftension, acompensorysmall increasein heart rate,
headache,muscle cramps
> drug maydecresesensitivity ospirometry for diagnos
asthma>syrup mataken as yoas age 2>monitor foevidence ofallergic rxn
Classification: CARDIAC DRUGS-Centrally-acting Drugs
GENERICNAME
INDICATION ACTIONCONTRAINDICATIO
N
PRECAUTION/ADVERSEREACTION
NURSINCONSIDERA
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orlistat
BRANDNAME
Xenical
DOSAGEAdult: 1 capwith eachmain meal
Long-termtreatmentofobese andoverweightpatients with
risk factors andcomorbiditi,associated withobesityincludinghypercholeste-rolemia, NIDD,impairedglusoce
tolerance,hypertensionand reduction ofvisceral fat
Inhibitstheabsorption ofdietary fat
Chronicmalabsorptionsyndrome
PRECAUTION:Children assesseffectiveneothermedicationmay be tak
(esp.anticoagula>pt. mayexperiencedizziness olightheaded>advice pt report persback pain,
muscle, or jpain, signs resp. tractinfection
Classification: ANALGESICS
GENERIC
NAME
INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONPRECAUTION/
ADVERSE
REACTION
NURSCONSIDE
N
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Mefenamicacid
BRANDNAME
Dolfenal
DOSAGEAdult: startwith 75-150mcgBID
Severe
HPN300mg BID
Relief of painincludingmuscular,rheumatic,traumatic,
dental, post-op andpostpartumpain,headache,migraine,fever,dysmenorrhea
Aspirin-like drugthat hasanalgesic,antipyretic, & anti-inflammatory
activities
Pregnancy &lactation,hypersensitivity,active ulcerationor chronic
inflammation ofeither upper orlower GIT, blooddisorders, poorplatelet function,kidney or liverimpairment,children < 14 yrs
PRECAUTION:If rash occurs,administrationshould bestopped,
asthmatics,Hx of liver andkidney diseaseADVERSE RXNGI discomfort,diarrhea orconstipation,gas pain,nausea,
vomiting,drowsiness
> assesspain befotherapy>monitopossible
inducedadversereaction>advicenot to tadrug forthan 7 d>advicereport
immediapersistenfailure torelieve p
Classification: ANTI-INFECTIVES
GENERIC
NAME
INDICATION ACTIONCONTRAINDICATIO
N
PRECAUTION/ADVERSE
REACTION
NURSING
CONSIDERATIO
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chloroquine
BRANDNAMEchlorofoz
DOSAGEAdult:initially four250mgtabletfollowed by2 tab after6-8 hrs,
then2 tabdaily for 2days
Antacid,calciumsupplement,osteoporo
sis
Inhibits theperioxidative activity ofheme, anddisrupt its
nonenzymaticpolymerization tohemozin
Presence ofretinal or visualfield changes
PRECAUTION:Hepaticdisease,alcoholism,monitor
complete bloodcount
ADVERSE RXNHeadache,nausea,vomiting,diarrhea, skineruptions
>advice pt thatcompliance withdosage scheduleduration of tx arenecessary
>caution pt to avalcohol while takdrug>assess hepaticstatus (dec.appetite,jaundicedark urine>instruct pt to usunglasses in bri
sunlight
Classification: GASTROINTESTINAL DRUGS-LAXATIVES
GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONPRECAUTION/
ADVERSEREACTION
NURSCONSIDER
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bisacodyl
BRAND NAMEDulcolax
DOSAGEAdult: 2 tab atbedtime or 30mins beforebreakfast, max4 tabsPedia: greaterthan 4 yrs- 1 tabSuppository:
Pedia 5mgAdult- 10mg
Constipation, relief ofevacuationinhemorrhoid
s, prep forbariumenema, preand post-op
Increasesperistalsis& motoractivity ofthe small
intestinesby actingdirectly onthe smoothmuscles.
Nausea, vomitingor othersymptoms ofappendicitis,acute surgical
abdomen,abdominal pain,ulcerative lesionsof colon
PRECAUTION:Caution isadvised during1st 3 mos ofpregnancy as
well asadministrationto children < 4yrs
ADVERSE RXNOccasionalabdominaldiscomfort,
soreness inanal region
> monitofrequenccharactestool>monito
occurrenadverse >swallowtablet whdo not crchew
Classification: RESPIRATORY DRUGS- MUCOKINETICS/EXPECTORANTS
GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTIONCONTRAINDICATI
ON
PRECAUTION/ADVERSEREACTION
NURSINCONSIDERA
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Carbocisteine
BRAND NAMELoviscol
DOSAGE
Capsule:Adult: 250mg 2 caps,500mg 1 cap TIDSuspension:Adult 15ml; Pedia: 6-12yrs: 5ml, 2-5 yrs: 1.25-2.5 mlSyr:6-12yrs: 10ml2-5 yrs: 2.5mlDrops:12-24mos: 1.25ml, 9-11mos: 1ml, 6-8mos:0.75ml, 3-5mos: .50ml,assesscough: typfrequencycharacter> advicemedical
consultatiofor persistcough of mthan 7 day>advice pavoid smo>suggestsugarlesslozenges tdecreasethroat irritand cough
Classification: CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS- ANTI-ARRYTHMICS
GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIO
N
PRECAUTIO
N/
NURSING
CONSIDERATIO
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ADVERSEREACTION
Amiodarone Hcl
BRAND NAME
Cordarone
DOSAGETab: initially 3tab/daymaintenance: 1-2tab/day
Cardiacarrhythmias,ventricular
rhythmdisorders
Blockssodiumchannels at
rapid pacingfrequencies,prolongingmyocardialcell actionpotentialandrefractoryperiod
Sinusbradycardia,. SAand AV blocks,
pregnancy,hypersensitivity
PRECAUTION:Goiter,
CHF,respiratory disease
ADVERSERXNBradycardia, heartblock,
sinusarrest,flushing,fatigue,insomnia,headache
>assesscardiovascularstatus before
therapy> loading dosewith food todecreasenausea>instruct pt.that skindiscoloration isreversible
>advice pt. towear sunglassefor photophobiprotectiveclothing toprevent burnin
Classification: GASTROINTESTINAL DRUGS- ANTI-FLATULENTS
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GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONPRECAUTION/
ADVERSEREACTION
NURSINCONSIDERA
metoclopramide
BRAND NAME
Plasil
DOSAGEAdult 10mg3x/daypedia: 15-20yrs5-10mg 3x/day5-14yrs: 2.5-5mg3x/day3-4yrs: 3mg 2-
3x/day1-2yrs: 1mg 2-3x/dayUnder 1 yr: 1mg2x/day
Gastrointestinalmotility,nausea,
vomiting ofcentral andperipheralorigin assoc.with surgery
Dopamineantagonistthat acts by
increasingreceptorsensitivityand responseof upper GITtissues toacetylcholine
GI hemorrhage,epileptics,hypersensitivity,
lactation, pts. Withbreast cancer
PRECAUTION:Activities
requiringmentalalertness,elderly,lactation
ADVERSERXNRestlessness,
drowsiness,fatigue,insomnia,headache,dizziness,nausea
>give 30 minbefore mealsat bed time
> assess mestatus duringtreatment>tell pt. To adriving & othhazardousactivities for least 2 hrs>advice pt. tavoid alcoho
other CNSdepressant tenhance sedproperties ofdrug
Classification: CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS- BETA-BLOCKERS
GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIO
N
PRECAUTION/
ADVERSE
NURSIN
CONSIDERA
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REACTION
metropolol
BRAND NAME
Neobloc
DOSAGEAdult : 50mg BIDor100 mg OD
Hypertension, chronicangina
pectoris
Exerts mainlybeta-1adrenergic
blockingactivity butalso blocksbeta-2receptors athigh doses
AV blocks,cardiogenicshock, sinus
bradycardia
PRECAUTION:Slowing ofheart rate,
occasionallyseverebradycardiamay lead tovertigoADVERSE RXNOccasionallyfatigue,dizziness,
headache, GIdisturbance,skin rashesnausea
>tablet macrashed orswallowed w
> instruct ptake with m>inform thethat drug ocontrols bunot cure thedisorder>tell the ptto discontin
drug abrupcan worsenangina
Classification: CNS DRUGS- HYPNOTICS/ SEDATIVES
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GENERICNAME
INDICATION
ACTIONCONTRAINDICATIO
N
PRECAUTION/ADVERSEREACTION
NURSINCONSIDERA
phenobarbital
BRANDNAMEluminal
DOSAGE100-320mg.max 600mgdaily
Short-termtreatment
ofinsomnia,long- termtreatmentofgeneralized toni-clonic
seizures
Depressantandanticonvulsant
effects may berelated to itsability toincrease theinhibitoryactivity ofGABA onnerve
impulses
Hypersensitivityto barbiturates,pregnancy,
severe renal,hepatic, resp.impairment
PRECAUTION:Impairedrenal, hepatic
cardiac orresp. functionsADVERSE RXNDizziness,headache,hangover,confusion inelderly, GI
disturbances,allergicreactions,sedation anddepressionmay occur
>instruct pt. talcohol and oCNS depressa
prevent inc.depression> withdrawalinsomnia mayafter short-terinsomnia impr1-3 nights>on empty st
30-60 mins bebedtime for exsleeplessness>advice pt to positions slowprevent orthohypotension
Classification: CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS- ANTI-INFECTIVE ( ANTI-FUNGALS)
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GENERICNAME
INDICATION
ACTIONCONTRAINDICATIO
N
PRECAUTION/ADVERSEREACTION
NURSINCONSIDERA
Nystatin
BRAND
NAMEMycostatin
DOSAGE4-6ml susp4x/day or 1-2 tabs3x/day
Infants: 2mlpedia susp4x/day
Antifungalantibioticused for
prophylaxis andtreatmentofcandidiasis of theskin andmucous
membranes
Interferes withfungal DNAreplication:
binds sterolsin fungal cellmembrane,w/c increasespermeability,resulting inleaking of cellnutrients
hypersensitivity PRECAUTION:Discontinue ifsensitization
occurs
ADVERSE RXNDiarrhea, GIdistress,nausea,vomiting
>oral suspensshake well befusing
> report persinausea and vodiarrhea or ifcondition wors>inform physipt is pregnant
Classification: Anticholinergic
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GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTSNURSIN
CONSIDERA
Atropine SO4
BRAND NAME
Dose/Route:
0.5-1.0 mg IVP
Q3-5min max of
0.04mg/kg (ETT
2-2.5 x dosage)
OPP: 2-5mg Q10-
15 min (Peds
0.05mg/kg)
Pediatric:0.02mg/kg(minimum 0.1mg
- Antidote to
overdosage with
cholinergicsubstances
(nerve gases,
poisonous
mushroom)
- Pre-op
medication to
reduce salivary
and resp. tract
secretions.
Helps toreducesaliva andfluid in therespiratorytract.May alsobe used totreat aslowheartbeatorinsecticideormushroompoisoning
Contraindicated inpatients withglaucoma, pyloricstenosis or prostatichypertrophy, exceptin doses ordinarilyused forpreanestheticmedication.
Can causeblurred vision,dilated pupils,dry mouth,palpitationsurinaryretention,tachycardiadrowsiness, andconfusion
monitor levelconsciousnes
do not sit up
up quickly advise patien
out of bright
chew sugarleand suck harto avoid moudryness
use lubricatinwearing cont
avoid extreme h
Classification: Andrenergics
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GENERICNAME
INDICATION ACTIONCONTRAINDICATI
ONSIDE EFFECTS
NURSINCONSIDERA
Dobutamine HCL
BRANDNAME
Dobutrex
Infusionrate: 2.5-10mcg/kg/min
Increased
cardiac output
in short-term
treat ment ofcardiac
decompensati
on caused by
depressed
contractility,
such as during
refractory
heart failure;
adjunctive
therapy in
cardiac
surgery
Stimulateshearts beta1receptors to
increasemyocardialcontractilityand stokevolume. Atdosages, drugincreasescardiac outputby decreasingperipheral
vascularresistance,Zeducingventricularfilling pressureandfacilitating AVnodetherapeuticconduction
Contra indicated inpatientshypersensitive to
drug and in thosewith idiopathichypertrophicsubaortic stenosisUse cautiously inpatients withhistory ofhypertensionbecause drug may
increase pressorresponseUse cautiously inpatients withhistory of sulfitesensitivity
.
Increasedheart rate,hypertension,Angina,phlebitis,nonspecificchest pain,palpitations,hypotension,nausea,vomiting,shortness of
breath,hypersensitivity reactions
Before startindobutamine t(1) give a plavolume expa
correct hypov(2) give cardglycoside
ContinuouslyECG, blood ppulmonary arwedge pressucardiac outpuurine output
Monitor Electlevels. Drug m
potassium lev Do not confu
Dopamine Tell patient to
adverse reacpromptly, esplabored breatdrug-inducedheadache
Instruct patient to
discomfort at IV i
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site
Classification: Antihistamine/ anti allergic
GENERICNAME
INDICATION ACTIONCONTRAINDICATI
ONSIDE EFFECTS
NURSINCONSIDERA
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Diphenhydramine HCl
BRAND NAMEBenadryl
DOSAGECapule/syrup
Adult: 50 mgtid-qid.Children >20 lb:
12.5-25 mg tid-
qid
Hay fever,urticaria,vasomotorrhinitis,angioneuroticedema, drugsensitization,
serum &penicillinreaction,contactdermatitis,atopic eczema,other allergicdermatoses,pruritus, foodsensitivity,parkinsonism,
motionsickness
Antihistamine thatreducesallergicreactions,motion
sicknessand vertigo(dizzinessand loss ofbalance),andParkinson'sdisease
Premature & newborn
infants; asthma
attack; lactation
CV & CNSeffects
Blooddisorders
GIdisturbances
Antimuscarinic effects
Allergicreactions
Special precaut
Narrow-angle
stenosing pe
pyloroduodenobstruction
symptoms ofhypertrophy neck obstruc
History of broasthma
increased intpressure
hyperthyroid
CV disease ohypertension
Pregnancy.Avoid operating v
machinery
Classification: Antagonist and antidotes
GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONSIDE EFFECTS/
ADVERSEREACTION
NURSING CONSI
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Naloxonehydrocholoride
BRAND
NAMENarcan
DOSAGEAdult : 0.4 -2
mg IV q2 to 3
mins.
p.r.n.
Known
suspected
narcotic
inducedrespiratory
depression
including that
cause by
pentazocine
and
propaxyphene
Displaces
previously
administer
ed
narcoticanalgesics
from their
receptors.
Has no
pharmacol
ogic
activity of
its own
Patient known to
be hypersensitive
to naloxone
hydrochloride
Tachycardia
Hypertension
Nausea
Vomiting
Tremors
Safest drug t
when cause
respiratory
depression is
uncertain.
Monitor respi
depth and ra
prepared to p
O2, ventilatio
resuscitative
measures.
Also been shoimprove circu
in refractory
Classification: Antispasmodic
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GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONSIDE EFFECTS/
ADVERSEREACTION
NURSCONSIDER
Hyoscine-N-butylbromide
BRAND NAMEBuscopan
DOSAGEAdult & childn >6 yr
1-2 tab 3-5 times daily.
Amp Acute attacks of
colicky pain
Adolescent >12 yr 1-
2 amp IV, IM or SC
several times daily.Max: 100 mg aily.
Infant & young
childn Severe cases:
0.3-0.6 mg/kg body wt
by slow IV, IM or SC
several times daily.
Max: 1.5 mg/kg body
indicated for
the control ofabdominal
pain (colic)associated
withspasmodic
colic, flatulentcolic
Relieve
cramps or
spasms of
the
stomach,in
testines,
and
bladder
Myasthenia gravis,megacolon.
ParenteralUntreated narrow-
angle glaucoma,prostate
hypertrophy w/urinary retention,
mechanicalstenosis of GIT,
tachycardia
xerostomia
tachycardia
urinary
retention
allergic & skinreactions
rarely dyspnea
(in patients w/history ofbronchialasthma orallergy)
parenteral
visualaccommodationdisturbance
infrequently inj sitepain (after IM inj),
rarely anaphylactoid
reactions &
anaphylactic shock
Drug
compatshould monitor
closely patients
requirinadjuncttherapy
Avoid d
operatinmachinparenteadminis
Avoid strict
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wt/day.
Classification: CNS stimulant
GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTIONCONTRAINDICATI
ON
SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERSEREACTION
NURSICONSIDER
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Citicoline
BRANDNAME
Somazineamp
DOSAGE
125 mg/mL 1-
2 inj/day.
250 mg/mL 1
inj/day
CVD in acute &
recovery phase,
symptoms &
signs of cerebral
insufficiency
(dizziness,
memory loss,
poor
concentration,
disorientation,
recent cranial
trauma & their
sequelae.)
- Citicoline is an
interneuronal
communication
enhancer. It
increases the
neurotransmission
levels because itfavors the
synthesis and
production speed of
dopamine in the
striatum, acting
then as a
dopaminergic
agonist thru the
inhibition of
tyrosine-hydroxylase.
Parasympathetic
hypertonia Gastrointestinal
disorders
Somazine mus
administered alo
medicaments co
meclophenoxate
Classification: Loop Diuretic
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GENERICNAME
INDICATION ACTIONCONTRAINDICATI
ONSIDE
EFFECTSNURSIN
CONSIDERAFurosemide
BRAND NAME
Lasix
DOSAGEAdult:
Initially 1/2-1-2
tab/day
Maintenance: 1/2-1
tab/day
20-40 mg IV/IM
Children: 2 mg/kg
body/wt
acute pulmonaryedemaedemahypertension
inhibits
sodium and
chloride
reabsorption
at theproximal and
distal tubules
and the
ascending
loop of Henle
Anuria
hepatic coma &
precoma severe
hypokalemia &/orhyponatremia
hypovolemia w/ or
w/o hypotensionHypersensitivity to
furosemide or
sulfonamides
vertigo,dizziness,headache,paresthesia,orthostatichypotension,thrombophlebitis,abdominal pain,hypokalemia,anemiamuscle spasm
To prevent noc
give preparatiomorning and eafternoon
Watch for sign
hpokalemia do not confuse
Torsemide or LLonox
advise patient
drug with foodprevent GI ups
inform patient of p
need for potassium
magnesium supple
Classification: Anri- ulcer
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GENERICNAME
INDICATION ACTIONCONTRAINDICATI
ONSIDE EFFECTS
NURSINCONSIDERA
Ranitidine HCL
BRAND NAME
Xantac
DOSAGE50 mg by slow
IV then 0.125-
0.25 mg/kg/hr
as continuous IV
infusion
Duodenal and
gastric ulcers
Maintenance
therapy forgastric and
duodenal ulcer
GERD
Erosive
esophagitis
Heartburn
Completely
inhibits
action of
histamine on
the H2 atreceptor
sites of
parietal
cells,
decreasing
gastric acid
secretions
Contraindicated in
patients
hypersensitive to
drug and those with
porphyria
Use cautiously in
patients with hepatic
dysfunction. Adjust
dose in patients with
impaired renal
function
Vertigo, malaise,
headache, blurred
vision, jaundice,
burning and
itching at injectionsite
Assess patient f
abdominal pain.
presence of blood
emesis, stool, or
aspirate
Ranitidine may
to total parentera
solution
Instruct patient
use of OTC prepa
indicated.
Remind patient once daily prescr
at bedtime for be
Instruct patient
without regard to
because absorpt
affected by food
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Classification: Nutrional Agents (Calorics)
GENERICNAME
INDICATION ACTIONCONTRAINDICATI
ONSIDE
EFFECTSNURSI
CONSIDER
Dextrose
BRANDNAME
DOSAGEDosage
depends on
fluid and
caloric
requirements
Fluid
replacementand caloric
supplementati
on in patient
who cant
maintain
adequate oral
intake or who
is restricted
from doing so.
Minimize
glyconeogenesis and promotes
anabolism in
patients who
cant receive
sufficient oral
caloric intake.
Hyperglycemia,
diabetic coma,
intracranial or intra
spinal hemorrhage or
delirium tremens.
Mentalconfusion,unconsciousness inhyperosmolarnonketoticsyndrome.
Pulmonaryedema
Glycosuria,osmotic
diuresis Metabolic:
hyperglycemia,hypervolemia
Rapidterminationafter longterminfusion
Use cautiocardiac or disease,hypertensiinsufficienobstructionhypovolem
Never infuconcentratsolutions rmay causehyperglyce
fluid shift.Monitor glucose
carefully. Prolon
therapy can ca
depletion of pa
insulin producti
secretion.
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may causehypoglycemiareboundhyperinsulinemia.
Sloughing and
tissue necrosis
Classification: Electrolytes and replacement solutions
GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTSNURS
CONSIDE
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Calciumgluconate
BRANDNAME
Kalcinate
DOSAGETablets 500
mg, 650 mg,
975 mg, 1 g
(contains 90
mg elementalcalcium/g)
Hypocalcemia,
hypocalcemic
tetany, magnesium
toxicity,
hypoparathyroidism
Replaces
and
maintains
calcium
Hypercalcemia,
ventricular
fibrillation, renal
canaliculi
GI irritationhemorrhageconstipationvomiting
thirstrenal
canaliculihypercalcemia
polyuria
Use cau
patientssarcoidrenal ordiseasedigitaliz
patients monitor
calciumfrequen
Classification: Non narcotic /analgesics and antipyretic/ antiplatelet
GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONADVERSEREACTION
NURSCONSIDE
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Aspirin
(acetylsalicylic
acid)
BRANDNAME
Aspilet
DOSAGEFever/mild pain:
325-650 mg P.O
q4 hours; p.r..n
unstable angina:
325 P.O once/daily
Mild pain/fever
Arthritis
Reduce risk of heart
attack in patient with
previous MI or unstable
angina
Produces
analgesia by an
ill defined effect
on the
hypothalamus
and by blocking
generation of
pain impulses
(peripheral
action)
Also impedes
clotting by blocking
prostaglandin
synthesis which
prevents formation
of platelet-
aggregating
substances.
GI ulcer
GI bleeding
Patients with bleeding
disorders Aspirin hypersensitivity
Vit.K deficiency
Prolonged
bleeding time Tinnitus
Hearing loss
Nausea,vomiti
ng
GI distress
Occult
bleeding Abnormal liver
function
Rash
Bruising
Hypersensitivitymanifested byasthma andanaphylaxis
Give milk,
or large glto reduce reactions.
Warn patie
prescriptiocheck withbefore takcombinatioaspirin.
Watch out
petechiae,gums, signbleeding.
Maintain a
intake.Obtain hemoglo
prothrombin tes
Classification: Antihypertensives
GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONADVERSEREACTION
NURSCONSIDE
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Clonidinehydrochloride
BRANDNAME
Catapres
DOSAGE01-02 mg P.O B.
Essential renal and
malignant
hypertension
Inhibits central
vasomotor
centers, thereby
decreasing
sympatheric
outflow.
Patient hypersensitive to
clonidine
drowsiness
dizziness
fatigue
sedation
nervousness
headache
orthostatic
hypotension bradycardia
urine
retetion impotence
transient
glucoseintolerance(after largedose)
constipation
pruritis
dermatitis
Monitor b
pressure rate.
May be g
lower blooin some hemergenc
Rising slo
avoid sudchange toorthostathypotensi
Remove patch
defribrillation t
arcing
Classification: Antianginals
GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONADVERSEREACTION
NURSCONSIDE
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Nifedipine
BRANDNAME
Adalat
DOSAGEAdults:
Initial: 10-30mg
PO TID
Maximum: 120-
180mg
Hypertension:
30-60mg PO
Vasospastic
angina, classic
chronic stable
angina pectoris
Hypertension
Thought to
inhibit calcium
ion influx across
cardiac and
smooth-muscle
cells, decreasing
contractility andoxygen
demand. Also
may dilate
coronary
arteries and
arteriole
Contraindicated in
patients
hypersensitive todrug
Use cautiously in
patients with heart
failure or hypotensionand in elderlypatients. Use
extended-releasetablets cautiously inpatients with severeGI narrowing
Dizziness, light-headedness,headache,weakness,peripheraledema, flushing,nausea,Syncope,nervousness,hypotension,palpitations,nasal congestion,diarrhea,constipation,abdominaldiscomfort,muscle cramps,dyspnea,pulmonary
edema, cough,rash, puritus
Dont giv
immediatform withof acute acute corsyndrom
Alert: de
previouslwidesprenifedipineavoid thisadministrExcessivehypotensand deatresult
Monitor b
pressure
especiallypatients wbeta blocantihyper
Watch fo
of heart f
Classification: Antianginals
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GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTSNURS
CONSIDE
Nicardipine
BRANDNAME
Cardipine
DOSAGEInitially
20 mg P.O Tid
hypertension
20 to 40 mg P.O
t.i.d increasedosage depends
on the patients
response
Chronic stable
angina
Inhibits calcium
ion influx across
cardiac and
smooth muscle
cells, thus
decreasing
myocardial
contractility and
oxygen demand
and coronary
arteries and
arterioles.
Patient who are
hypersensitive to
nicardipine
Dizziness
Headache
Paresthesis
Drowsiness
Peripheral
edema
Palpitations
Tachycardia
Nausea
Dry mouth
Abdominal
discomfort
Rash
Flushing
Patients with
impairment s
receive lower
Monitor blood
Allow atleast
between dosa
adjustment t
steady plasm
Advise patien
immediately experiencing
Classification: Corticosteroids
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GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTSNURS
CONSIDE
Dexamethasone
BRAND NAME
Dexon
DOSAGE
The initial dosage
varies from 0.75
to 9 mg a day
depending on the
disease being
treated
Inflammation of
corticosteroid-
responsive
dermatoses
anti-
inflammatory
effects in
disorders of
many organ
systems
Diffuses across cell
membrane and
complexes with
specific cytoplasmicreceptors
Patient had an allergic
reaction previously.Have an active peptic ulcer
Have an active herpes
simplex fungal ormycobacterial infection ot
the eye, ear infection
Active tuberculosis
Have psychoneurosis or
psychosis
Increased appetiteWeight gainWater retentionIncreased WBCHypokalemiaSkin rash
DizzinessInsomiaHeadache
Stop drug and
doctor if patien
signs of system
absorption.
Before applyinwash skin to p
damage to skin
medication gen
Treatment sho
continued for a
after clearing o
prevent recurr
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