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DRUG

STUDY

Classification: ANTI-INFECTIVES-Quinolones

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GENERICNAME

INDICATION ACTIONCONTRAINDICATIO

N

PRECAUTION/ADVERSEREACTION

NURSINCONSIDER

N

Ciprofloxacin

BRANDNAMECiprobay

DOSAGE250-500mgBID

Infections ofthe resp.tract, middleear,paranasal sinuses,eyes,kidneys,urinary tract

InhibitsbacterialDNAgyrasethuspreventingreplicationinsusceptiblebacteria

Drugs that inhibitperistalsis. Infantsand children,growingadolescents.Pregnancy andlactation

PRECAUTIONSevere andpersistentdiarrhea duringand aftertreatment

ADVERSE RXNCommon:Nausea,diarrhea,

vomiting, rashUncommon:Anorexia,headache,dizziness, fever, GI andabdominal pain,flatulence,confusion, vertigo

>Assess pprevioussensitivityreaction>Assess pany s/s ofinfection b& duringtreatment>Assess f

adversereactions>assess pfamilysknowledgedrug ther

Classification: GASTROINTESTINAL DRUGS-Laxatives

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GENERICNAME

INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONPRECAUTION/

ADVERSEREACTION

NURSINGCONSIDERATIO

LACTULOSE

BRAND NAMEduphalac

DOSAGEInfants: 5 mlChildren:1-6 y/o- 5-10ml7-14y/o-

15ml15-45y/o- 15-30ml.

Dose given in3 days

Constipation,

salmonellosis.Treatmentof hepaticencephalopathy

Inhibitsbacterial

DNAgyrasethuspreventingreplication insusceptible

bacteria

Pt who require alow lactose diet.

Galactosemiadeficiency.Intestinalobstruction.

PRECAUTION:Lactose

intolerance,diabetes

Adverse Rxn:Abdominaldiscomfortassociatedwithflatulence and

intestinalcramps.Nausea,vomiting,diarrhea onprolongeduse.

>Assess conditiobefore therapy a

reassess regularthereafter to modrugs effectiven>Monitor pt for

adverse GI reactnausea,vomitinghea,>Assess for advereactions

>for pt. with hepencelopathy:regularly assessmental condition>monitor I & O>monitor for Incglucose level indiabetic pts

Classification: ANTI-ALLERGICS_Anti-histamine

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GENERICNAME


N


NURSINCONSIDER

N

levocetirizine

BRANDNAMEXyzal

DOSAGEAdult andadolescentsmore than12 yrs- 1tab/dayPedia: 6-12yrs- 1 tab/day

Treatment ofsymptomsassociatedwith allergicconditions(includingocularsymptoms)

Long-acting non-sedatingantihistamine thatselectivelyinhibitsperipheralHIreceptors

Pts with severerenal impairment,pts with rareproblems ofgalactoseintolerance

PRECAUTIONAdjustment ofdose isrecommended inelderly pts w/compromisedrenal function.Lactation.

ADVERSE RXN

Dry mouth,headache,fatigue, rhinitis,abdominal pain,migraine

>obtain pinc. drug hand anyunkownallergies>monitorpulse, BP,respiration> observedizziness a

excessivesedation

Classification: ANTI-INFECTIVES-Penicillins

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GENERICNAME


ADVERSEREACTION

NURSINCONSIDERA

Amoxicillin

BRANDNAMEAmoxil

DOSAGEAdult: 250-500mgevery 8hours

Children:20-40mg/kg/day divideddosagegiven every8 hrs

Infections of theresp. tract, skin

& skinstructures,paranasal sinuses,genitourinarytract, otitismedia, sinusitis,meningitis,septicemia

Preventsbacterial

cell wallsynthesisduringreplication.

Hypersensitivityto penicillins,

cephalosporins.Not used to treatpneumonia,bacteremiapericarditis duringacute stage.

PRECAUTION:Hypersensitivit

y: rxn rangefrom mild tolife threatening

ADVERSE RXN:Dizziness,fatigue,insomnia, skin

rashes, itchyeyes, sore ordry mouth,abnormal tastesensation,diarrhea, rectalbleeding

>obtain phx of aller

>Assess any s/s ofinfection>Assess fpts sensitto penicillothercepalospo>assess fo

allergic rxduring the>Assess fbowel patif diarrheashld bediscontinu

Classification: CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS-Calcium Antagonist

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GENERICNAME


ADVERSEREACTION

NURSCONSIDER

TELMISARTAN

BRANDNAMEPritor

DOSAGEAdult: 20-80mg daily,usual

startingdose 40mgdaily

Treatment ofhypertension

Blocks thevasoconstricti

ve ansaldosterone-one-secretingeffects ofangiotensin IIby selectivelyblocking thebinding ofangiotensin II

to the ATIreceptor inmany tissues

Hypersensitivity,pregnancy,

lactation. Severehepatic or renalimpairment

PRECAUTION:Can cause

death to thefetus if used onthe 2nd

trimester,safety inchildren not yetestablished

ADVERSE RXN

Diarrhea andangioedema.Sinusitis,pharyngitis,upper resp.tract infection,back pain

>assess condition

before th>Assessheart fail>Assess obstructi

jaundice>monitopossible induced

adverse >closemonitorinBP and p

Classification: ANTI-DIARRHEALS

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GENERICNAME


ADVERSEREACTION

NURSINCONSIDERA

LoperamideHCl

BRANDNAMEIMODIUM

DOSAGEAdult:initially 2cap;

subsequentdose a capafter everystool

Symptomatic control of

acute andchronicdiarrhea

Acts on thenerve endings

&/orintramuralganglia of theintestinal wallto decreaseintestinalmotility,resulting toprolonged

retention offeces in theintestines

Those in whomconstipation must

be avoided,children less than1 yr,hypersensitivity,abdominaldistention

PRECAUTION:Hepatic

dysfunction,chronicdiarrhea,dehydration

ADVERSE RXNHypersensitivity reactions,flatulence,

abdominalpain,distention ordiscomfort,nausea andvomiting

>assess pbowel patt

>checkresponse a48 hrs>Assesshydration>assess foabdominadistention>inform pt

that dry mmay berelieved byfrequent sof water, hcandy orsugarless

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Classification: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DRUGS-Anti-anxiety

( Anticonvulsant/Hypnotics/Sedatives/Anxiolytics)

GENERICNAME


ADVERSEREACTION

NURSINCONSIDERA

DIAZEPAM

BRANDNAMEValium

DOSAGEAdult: 250-500mg

every 8hoursChildren:20-40mg/kg/day divideddosagegiven every8 hrs

Symptomaticrelief ofanxiety,agitation,tension

Facilitates/potentiatestheinhibitoryactivity ofGABA at thelimbicsystem andreticular

formationto reduceanxiety,promotecalmnessand sleep

Hypersensitivity.Dependence,withdrawalsymptoms

PRECAUTION:Hypersensitivity:cardiorespiratoryinsufficiency,pregnancy,lactation

ADVERSE RXNDizziness,fatigue,blurred vision,dependence,withdrawalreactions

> inform pt.drug may betaken with fo>advice pt. abruptlydiscontinue after long teuse>advice pt.

avoid drivingactivities tharequire alertbec, drug cacause drows>inform pt. smoking madecrease eff

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Classification: DIETARY/NUTRITIONAL DRUGS-Vitamins and Minerals

GENERICNAME


ADVERSEREACTION

NURSCONSIDER

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Calciumcarbonate

BRANDNAME

Calci-Aid

DOSAGEAdult: 1-2capsulesdailyPedia:1-2 tabletsdaily

Antacid,calciumsupplement,osteoporosis

Decreasestotal acid loadof GI tract.Increaseesophageal

sphinctertone

Hypercalcemia,bone tremors,severe renalfailure,hypersensitivity

PRECAUTION:History ofstoneformation,pregnancy

ADVERSE RXNConstipation,flatulence,diarrhea, renaldysfunction,acid rebound

> adminias antacifter mealat bed tim>adminis

suppleme hrs aftmeal andbed time>advice increase to 2L unlcontraindd

Classification: ANTI-ASTHMA

GENERICNAME


N


NURSINCONSIDERA

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Salbutamol

BRANDNAMEVentolin

vilmax

DOSAGEAdult: 8mgtablet BIDPedia: 3-12yrs4mg tabBID

Reversibleairwayobstructionincludingbronchial

asthma,chronicbronchitis

Facilitates/potentiatestheinhibitoryactivity of

GABA at thelimbicsystem andreticularformation toreduceanxiety,promotecalmness

and sleep

Hypersensitivity PRECAUTION:Hyperthyroidism,DM,cardiovasculardisease

ADVERSE RXNFine tremor ofskeletal muscle,feeling oftension, acompensorysmall increasein heart rate,

headache,muscle cramps

> drug maydecresesensitivity ospirometry for diagnos

asthma>syrup mataken as yoas age 2>monitor foevidence ofallergic rxn

Classification: CARDIAC DRUGS-Centrally-acting Drugs

GENERICNAME


N


NURSINCONSIDERA

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orlistat

BRANDNAME

Xenical

DOSAGEAdult: 1 capwith eachmain meal

Long-termtreatmentofobese andoverweightpatients with

risk factors andcomorbiditi,associated withobesityincludinghypercholeste-rolemia, NIDD,impairedglusoce

tolerance,hypertensionand reduction ofvisceral fat

Inhibitstheabsorption ofdietary fat

Chronicmalabsorptionsyndrome

PRECAUTION:Children assesseffectiveneothermedicationmay be tak

(esp.anticoagula>pt. mayexperiencedizziness olightheaded>advice pt report persback pain,

muscle, or jpain, signs resp. tractinfection

Classification: ANALGESICS

GENERIC

NAME


ADVERSE

REACTION

NURSCONSIDE

N

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Mefenamicacid

BRANDNAME

Dolfenal

DOSAGEAdult: startwith 75-150mcgBID

Severe

HPN300mg BID

Relief of painincludingmuscular,rheumatic,traumatic,

dental, post-op andpostpartumpain,headache,migraine,fever,dysmenorrhea

Aspirin-like drugthat hasanalgesic,antipyretic, & anti-inflammatory

activities

Pregnancy &lactation,hypersensitivity,active ulcerationor chronic

inflammation ofeither upper orlower GIT, blooddisorders, poorplatelet function,kidney or liverimpairment,children < 14 yrs

PRECAUTION:If rash occurs,administrationshould bestopped,

asthmatics,Hx of liver andkidney diseaseADVERSE RXNGI discomfort,diarrhea orconstipation,gas pain,nausea,

vomiting,drowsiness

> assesspain befotherapy>monitopossible

inducedadversereaction>advicenot to tadrug forthan 7 d>advicereport

immediapersistenfailure torelieve p

Classification: ANTI-INFECTIVES

GENERIC

NAME


N

PRECAUTION/ADVERSE

REACTION

NURSING

CONSIDERATIO

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chloroquine

BRANDNAMEchlorofoz

DOSAGEAdult:initially four250mgtabletfollowed by2 tab after6-8 hrs,

then2 tabdaily for 2days

Antacid,calciumsupplement,osteoporo

sis

Inhibits theperioxidative activity ofheme, anddisrupt its

nonenzymaticpolymerization tohemozin

Presence ofretinal or visualfield changes

PRECAUTION:Hepaticdisease,alcoholism,monitor

complete bloodcount

ADVERSE RXNHeadache,nausea,vomiting,diarrhea, skineruptions

>advice pt thatcompliance withdosage scheduleduration of tx arenecessary

>caution pt to avalcohol while takdrug>assess hepaticstatus (dec.appetite,jaundicedark urine>instruct pt to usunglasses in bri

sunlight

Classification: GASTROINTESTINAL DRUGS-LAXATIVES

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONPRECAUTION/

ADVERSEREACTION

NURSCONSIDER

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bisacodyl

BRAND NAMEDulcolax

DOSAGEAdult: 2 tab atbedtime or 30mins beforebreakfast, max4 tabsPedia: greaterthan 4 yrs- 1 tabSuppository:

Pedia 5mgAdult- 10mg

Constipation, relief ofevacuationinhemorrhoid

s, prep forbariumenema, preand post-op

Increasesperistalsis& motoractivity ofthe small

intestinesby actingdirectly onthe smoothmuscles.

Nausea, vomitingor othersymptoms ofappendicitis,acute surgical

abdomen,abdominal pain,ulcerative lesionsof colon

PRECAUTION:Caution isadvised during1st 3 mos ofpregnancy as

well asadministrationto children < 4yrs

ADVERSE RXNOccasionalabdominaldiscomfort,

soreness inanal region

> monitofrequenccharactestool>monito

occurrenadverse >swallowtablet whdo not crchew

Classification: RESPIRATORY DRUGS- MUCOKINETICS/EXPECTORANTS

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTIONCONTRAINDICATI

ON


NURSINCONSIDERA

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Carbocisteine

BRAND NAMELoviscol

DOSAGE

Capsule:Adult: 250mg 2 caps,500mg 1 cap TIDSuspension:Adult 15ml; Pedia: 6-12yrs: 5ml, 2-5 yrs: 1.25-2.5 mlSyr:6-12yrs: 10ml2-5 yrs: 2.5mlDrops:12-24mos: 1.25ml, 9-11mos: 1ml, 6-8mos:0.75ml, 3-5mos: .50ml,assesscough: typfrequencycharacter> advicemedical

consultatiofor persistcough of mthan 7 day>advice pavoid smo>suggestsugarlesslozenges tdecreasethroat irritand cough

Classification: CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS- ANTI-ARRYTHMICS

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIO

N

PRECAUTIO

N/

NURSING

CONSIDERATIO

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ADVERSEREACTION

Amiodarone Hcl

BRAND NAME

Cordarone

DOSAGETab: initially 3tab/daymaintenance: 1-2tab/day

Cardiacarrhythmias,ventricular

rhythmdisorders

Blockssodiumchannels at

rapid pacingfrequencies,prolongingmyocardialcell actionpotentialandrefractoryperiod

Sinusbradycardia,. SAand AV blocks,

pregnancy,hypersensitivity

PRECAUTION:Goiter,

CHF,respiratory disease

ADVERSERXNBradycardia, heartblock,

sinusarrest,flushing,fatigue,insomnia,headache

>assesscardiovascularstatus before

therapy> loading dosewith food todecreasenausea>instruct pt.that skindiscoloration isreversible

>advice pt. towear sunglassefor photophobiprotectiveclothing toprevent burnin

Classification: GASTROINTESTINAL DRUGS- ANTI-FLATULENTS

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GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONPRECAUTION/

ADVERSEREACTION

NURSINCONSIDERA

metoclopramide

BRAND NAME

Plasil

DOSAGEAdult 10mg3x/daypedia: 15-20yrs5-10mg 3x/day5-14yrs: 2.5-5mg3x/day3-4yrs: 3mg 2-

3x/day1-2yrs: 1mg 2-3x/dayUnder 1 yr: 1mg2x/day

Gastrointestinalmotility,nausea,

vomiting ofcentral andperipheralorigin assoc.with surgery

Dopamineantagonistthat acts by

increasingreceptorsensitivityand responseof upper GITtissues toacetylcholine

GI hemorrhage,epileptics,hypersensitivity,

lactation, pts. Withbreast cancer

PRECAUTION:Activities

requiringmentalalertness,elderly,lactation

ADVERSERXNRestlessness,

drowsiness,fatigue,insomnia,headache,dizziness,nausea

>give 30 minbefore mealsat bed time

> assess mestatus duringtreatment>tell pt. To adriving & othhazardousactivities for least 2 hrs>advice pt. tavoid alcoho

other CNSdepressant tenhance sedproperties ofdrug

Classification: CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS- BETA-BLOCKERS

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIO

N

PRECAUTION/

ADVERSE

NURSIN

CONSIDERA

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REACTION

metropolol

BRAND NAME

Neobloc

DOSAGEAdult : 50mg BIDor100 mg OD

Hypertension, chronicangina

pectoris

Exerts mainlybeta-1adrenergic

blockingactivity butalso blocksbeta-2receptors athigh doses

AV blocks,cardiogenicshock, sinus

bradycardia

PRECAUTION:Slowing ofheart rate,

occasionallyseverebradycardiamay lead tovertigoADVERSE RXNOccasionallyfatigue,dizziness,

headache, GIdisturbance,skin rashesnausea

>tablet macrashed orswallowed w

> instruct ptake with m>inform thethat drug ocontrols bunot cure thedisorder>tell the ptto discontin

drug abrupcan worsenangina

Classification: CNS DRUGS- HYPNOTICS/ SEDATIVES

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GENERICNAME

INDICATION

ACTIONCONTRAINDICATIO

N


NURSINCONSIDERA

phenobarbital

BRANDNAMEluminal

DOSAGE100-320mg.max 600mgdaily

Short-termtreatment

ofinsomnia,long- termtreatmentofgeneralized toni-clonic

seizures

Depressantandanticonvulsant

effects may berelated to itsability toincrease theinhibitoryactivity ofGABA onnerve

impulses

Hypersensitivityto barbiturates,pregnancy,

severe renal,hepatic, resp.impairment

PRECAUTION:Impairedrenal, hepatic

cardiac orresp. functionsADVERSE RXNDizziness,headache,hangover,confusion inelderly, GI

disturbances,allergicreactions,sedation anddepressionmay occur

>instruct pt. talcohol and oCNS depressa

prevent inc.depression> withdrawalinsomnia mayafter short-terinsomnia impr1-3 nights>on empty st

30-60 mins bebedtime for exsleeplessness>advice pt to positions slowprevent orthohypotension

Classification: CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS- ANTI-INFECTIVE ( ANTI-FUNGALS)

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GENERICNAME

INDICATION

ACTIONCONTRAINDICATIO

N


NURSINCONSIDERA

Nystatin

BRAND

NAMEMycostatin

DOSAGE4-6ml susp4x/day or 1-2 tabs3x/day

Infants: 2mlpedia susp4x/day

Antifungalantibioticused for

prophylaxis andtreatmentofcandidiasis of theskin andmucous

membranes

Interferes withfungal DNAreplication:

binds sterolsin fungal cellmembrane,w/c increasespermeability,resulting inleaking of cellnutrients

hypersensitivity PRECAUTION:Discontinue ifsensitization

occurs

ADVERSE RXNDiarrhea, GIdistress,nausea,vomiting

>oral suspensshake well befusing

> report persinausea and vodiarrhea or ifcondition wors>inform physipt is pregnant

Classification: Anticholinergic

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GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTSNURSIN

CONSIDERA

Atropine SO4

BRAND NAME

Dose/Route:

0.5-1.0 mg IVP

Q3-5min max of

0.04mg/kg (ETT

2-2.5 x dosage)

OPP: 2-5mg Q10-

15 min (Peds

0.05mg/kg)

Pediatric:0.02mg/kg(minimum 0.1mg

- Antidote to

overdosage with

cholinergicsubstances

(nerve gases,

poisonous

mushroom)

- Pre-op

medication to

reduce salivary

and resp. tract

secretions.

Helps toreducesaliva andfluid in therespiratorytract.May alsobe used totreat aslowheartbeatorinsecticideormushroompoisoning

Contraindicated inpatients withglaucoma, pyloricstenosis or prostatichypertrophy, exceptin doses ordinarilyused forpreanestheticmedication.

Can causeblurred vision,dilated pupils,dry mouth,palpitationsurinaryretention,tachycardiadrowsiness, andconfusion

monitor levelconsciousnes

do not sit up

up quickly advise patien

out of bright

chew sugarleand suck harto avoid moudryness

use lubricatinwearing cont

avoid extreme h

Classification: Andrenergics

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GENERICNAME

INDICATION ACTIONCONTRAINDICATI

ONSIDE EFFECTS

NURSINCONSIDERA

Dobutamine HCL

BRANDNAME

Dobutrex

Infusionrate: 2.5-10mcg/kg/min

Increased

cardiac output

in short-term

treat ment ofcardiac

decompensati

on caused by

depressed

contractility,

such as during

refractory

heart failure;

adjunctive

therapy in

cardiac

surgery

Stimulateshearts beta1receptors to

increasemyocardialcontractilityand stokevolume. Atdosages, drugincreasescardiac outputby decreasingperipheral

vascularresistance,Zeducingventricularfilling pressureandfacilitating AVnodetherapeuticconduction

Contra indicated inpatientshypersensitive to

drug and in thosewith idiopathichypertrophicsubaortic stenosisUse cautiously inpatients withhistory ofhypertensionbecause drug may

increase pressorresponseUse cautiously inpatients withhistory of sulfitesensitivity

.

Increasedheart rate,hypertension,Angina,phlebitis,nonspecificchest pain,palpitations,hypotension,nausea,vomiting,shortness of

breath,hypersensitivity reactions

Before startindobutamine t(1) give a plavolume expa

correct hypov(2) give cardglycoside

ContinuouslyECG, blood ppulmonary arwedge pressucardiac outpuurine output

Monitor Electlevels. Drug m

potassium lev Do not confu

Dopamine Tell patient to

adverse reacpromptly, esplabored breatdrug-inducedheadache

Instruct patient to

discomfort at IV i

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site

Classification: Antihistamine/ anti allergic

GENERICNAME


ONSIDE EFFECTS

NURSINCONSIDERA

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Diphenhydramine HCl

BRAND NAMEBenadryl

DOSAGECapule/syrup

Adult: 50 mgtid-qid.Children >20 lb:

12.5-25 mg tid-

qid

Hay fever,urticaria,vasomotorrhinitis,angioneuroticedema, drugsensitization,

serum &penicillinreaction,contactdermatitis,atopic eczema,other allergicdermatoses,pruritus, foodsensitivity,parkinsonism,

motionsickness

Antihistamine thatreducesallergicreactions,motion

sicknessand vertigo(dizzinessand loss ofbalance),andParkinson'sdisease

Premature & newborn

infants; asthma

attack; lactation

CV & CNSeffects

Blooddisorders

GIdisturbances

Antimuscarinic effects

Allergicreactions

Special precaut

Narrow-angle

stenosing pe

pyloroduodenobstruction

symptoms ofhypertrophy neck obstruc

History of broasthma

increased intpressure

hyperthyroid

CV disease ohypertension

Pregnancy.Avoid operating v

machinery

Classification: Antagonist and antidotes

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONSIDE EFFECTS/

ADVERSEREACTION

NURSING CONSI

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Naloxonehydrocholoride

BRAND

NAMENarcan

DOSAGEAdult : 0.4 -2

mg IV q2 to 3

mins.

p.r.n.

Known

suspected

narcotic

inducedrespiratory

depression

including that

cause by

pentazocine

and

propaxyphene

Displaces

previously

administer

ed

narcoticanalgesics

from their

receptors.

Has no

pharmacol

ogic

activity of

its own

Patient known to

be hypersensitive

to naloxone

hydrochloride

Tachycardia

Hypertension

Nausea

Vomiting

Tremors

Safest drug t

when cause

respiratory

depression is

uncertain.

Monitor respi

depth and ra

prepared to p

O2, ventilatio

resuscitative

measures.

Also been shoimprove circu

in refractory

Classification: Antispasmodic

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GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONSIDE EFFECTS/

ADVERSEREACTION

NURSCONSIDER

Hyoscine-N-butylbromide

BRAND NAMEBuscopan

DOSAGEAdult & childn >6 yr

1-2 tab 3-5 times daily.

Amp Acute attacks of

colicky pain

Adolescent >12 yr 1-

2 amp IV, IM or SC

several times daily.Max: 100 mg aily.

Infant & young

childn Severe cases:

0.3-0.6 mg/kg body wt

by slow IV, IM or SC

several times daily.

Max: 1.5 mg/kg body

indicated for

the control ofabdominal

pain (colic)associated

withspasmodic

colic, flatulentcolic

Relieve

cramps or

spasms of

the

stomach,in

testines,

and

bladder

Myasthenia gravis,megacolon.

ParenteralUntreated narrow-

angle glaucoma,prostate

hypertrophy w/urinary retention,

mechanicalstenosis of GIT,

tachycardia

xerostomia

tachycardia

urinary

retention

allergic & skinreactions

rarely dyspnea

(in patients w/history ofbronchialasthma orallergy)

parenteral

visualaccommodationdisturbance

infrequently inj sitepain (after IM inj),

rarely anaphylactoid

reactions &

anaphylactic shock

Drug

compatshould monitor

closely patients

requirinadjuncttherapy

Avoid d

operatinmachinparenteadminis

Avoid strict

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wt/day.

Classification: CNS stimulant

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTIONCONTRAINDICATI

ON

SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERSEREACTION

NURSICONSIDER

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Citicoline

BRANDNAME

Somazineamp

DOSAGE

125 mg/mL 1-

2 inj/day.

250 mg/mL 1

inj/day

CVD in acute &

recovery phase,

symptoms &

signs of cerebral

insufficiency

(dizziness,

memory loss,

poor

concentration,

disorientation,

recent cranial

trauma & their

sequelae.)

- Citicoline is an

interneuronal

communication

enhancer. It

increases the

neurotransmission

levels because itfavors the

synthesis and

production speed of

dopamine in the

striatum, acting

then as a

dopaminergic

agonist thru the

inhibition of

tyrosine-hydroxylase.

Parasympathetic

hypertonia Gastrointestinal

disorders

Somazine mus

administered alo

medicaments co

meclophenoxate

Classification: Loop Diuretic

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GENERICNAME


ONSIDE

EFFECTSNURSIN

CONSIDERAFurosemide

BRAND NAME

Lasix

DOSAGEAdult:

Initially 1/2-1-2

tab/day

Maintenance: 1/2-1

tab/day

20-40 mg IV/IM

Children: 2 mg/kg

body/wt

acute pulmonaryedemaedemahypertension

inhibits

sodium and

chloride

reabsorption

at theproximal and

distal tubules

and the

ascending

loop of Henle

Anuria

hepatic coma &

precoma severe

hypokalemia &/orhyponatremia

hypovolemia w/ or

w/o hypotensionHypersensitivity to

furosemide or

sulfonamides

vertigo,dizziness,headache,paresthesia,orthostatichypotension,thrombophlebitis,abdominal pain,hypokalemia,anemiamuscle spasm

To prevent noc

give preparatiomorning and eafternoon

Watch for sign

hpokalemia do not confuse

Torsemide or LLonox

advise patient

drug with foodprevent GI ups

inform patient of p

need for potassium

magnesium supple

Classification: Anri- ulcer

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GENERICNAME


ONSIDE EFFECTS

NURSINCONSIDERA

Ranitidine HCL

BRAND NAME

Xantac

DOSAGE50 mg by slow

IV then 0.125-

0.25 mg/kg/hr

as continuous IV

infusion

Duodenal and

gastric ulcers

Maintenance

therapy forgastric and

duodenal ulcer

GERD

Erosive

esophagitis

Heartburn

Completely

inhibits

action of

histamine on

the H2 atreceptor

sites of

parietal

cells,

decreasing

gastric acid

secretions

Contraindicated in

patients

hypersensitive to

drug and those with

porphyria

Use cautiously in

patients with hepatic

dysfunction. Adjust

dose in patients with

impaired renal

function

Vertigo, malaise,

headache, blurred

vision, jaundice,

burning and

itching at injectionsite

Assess patient f

abdominal pain.

presence of blood

emesis, stool, or

aspirate

Ranitidine may

to total parentera

solution

Instruct patient

use of OTC prepa

indicated.

Remind patient once daily prescr

at bedtime for be

Instruct patient

without regard to

because absorpt

affected by food

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Classification: Nutrional Agents (Calorics)

GENERICNAME


ONSIDE

EFFECTSNURSI

CONSIDER

Dextrose

BRANDNAME

DOSAGEDosage

depends on

fluid and

caloric

requirements

Fluid

replacementand caloric

supplementati

on in patient

who cant

maintain

adequate oral

intake or who

is restricted

from doing so.

Minimize

glyconeogenesis and promotes

anabolism in

patients who

cant receive

sufficient oral

caloric intake.

Hyperglycemia,

diabetic coma,

intracranial or intra

spinal hemorrhage or

delirium tremens.

Mentalconfusion,unconsciousness inhyperosmolarnonketoticsyndrome.

Pulmonaryedema

Glycosuria,osmotic

diuresis Metabolic:

hyperglycemia,hypervolemia

Rapidterminationafter longterminfusion

Use cautiocardiac or disease,hypertensiinsufficienobstructionhypovolem

Never infuconcentratsolutions rmay causehyperglyce

fluid shift.Monitor glucose

carefully. Prolon

therapy can ca

depletion of pa

insulin producti

secretion.

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may causehypoglycemiareboundhyperinsulinemia.

Sloughing and

tissue necrosis

Classification: Electrolytes and replacement solutions

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTSNURS

CONSIDE

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Calciumgluconate

BRANDNAME

Kalcinate

DOSAGETablets 500

mg, 650 mg,

975 mg, 1 g

(contains 90

mg elementalcalcium/g)

Hypocalcemia,

hypocalcemic

tetany, magnesium

toxicity,

hypoparathyroidism

Replaces

and

maintains

calcium

Hypercalcemia,

ventricular

fibrillation, renal

canaliculi

GI irritationhemorrhageconstipationvomiting

thirstrenal

canaliculihypercalcemia

polyuria

Use cau

patientssarcoidrenal ordiseasedigitaliz

patients monitor

calciumfrequen

Classification: Non narcotic /analgesics and antipyretic/ antiplatelet

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONADVERSEREACTION

NURSCONSIDE

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Aspirin

(acetylsalicylic

acid)

BRANDNAME

Aspilet

DOSAGEFever/mild pain:

325-650 mg P.O

q4 hours; p.r..n

unstable angina:

325 P.O once/daily

Mild pain/fever

Arthritis

Reduce risk of heart

attack in patient with

previous MI or unstable

angina

Produces

analgesia by an

ill defined effect

on the

hypothalamus

and by blocking

generation of

pain impulses

(peripheral

action)

Also impedes

clotting by blocking

prostaglandin

synthesis which

prevents formation

of platelet-

aggregating

substances.

GI ulcer

GI bleeding

Patients with bleeding

disorders Aspirin hypersensitivity

Vit.K deficiency

Prolonged

bleeding time Tinnitus

Hearing loss

Nausea,vomiti

ng

GI distress

Occult

bleeding Abnormal liver

function

Rash

Bruising

Hypersensitivitymanifested byasthma andanaphylaxis

Give milk,

or large glto reduce reactions.

Warn patie

prescriptiocheck withbefore takcombinatioaspirin.

Watch out

petechiae,gums, signbleeding.

Maintain a

intake.Obtain hemoglo

prothrombin tes

Classification: Antihypertensives


NURSCONSIDE

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Clonidinehydrochloride

BRANDNAME

Catapres

DOSAGE01-02 mg P.O B.

Essential renal and

malignant

hypertension

Inhibits central

vasomotor

centers, thereby

decreasing

sympatheric

outflow.

Patient hypersensitive to

clonidine

drowsiness

dizziness

fatigue

sedation

nervousness

headache

orthostatic

hypotension bradycardia

urine

retetion impotence

transient

glucoseintolerance(after largedose)

constipation

pruritis

dermatitis

Monitor b

pressure rate.

May be g

lower blooin some hemergenc

Rising slo

avoid sudchange toorthostathypotensi

Remove patch

defribrillation t

arcing

Classification: Antianginals


NURSCONSIDE

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Nifedipine

BRANDNAME

Adalat

DOSAGEAdults:

Initial: 10-30mg

PO TID

Maximum: 120-

180mg

Hypertension:

30-60mg PO

Vasospastic

angina, classic

chronic stable

angina pectoris

Hypertension

Thought to

inhibit calcium

ion influx across

cardiac and

smooth-muscle

cells, decreasing

contractility andoxygen

demand. Also

may dilate

coronary

arteries and

arteriole

Contraindicated in

patients

hypersensitive todrug

Use cautiously in

patients with heart

failure or hypotensionand in elderlypatients. Use

extended-releasetablets cautiously inpatients with severeGI narrowing

Dizziness, light-headedness,headache,weakness,peripheraledema, flushing,nausea,Syncope,nervousness,hypotension,palpitations,nasal congestion,diarrhea,constipation,abdominaldiscomfort,muscle cramps,dyspnea,pulmonary

edema, cough,rash, puritus

Dont giv

immediatform withof acute acute corsyndrom

Alert: de

previouslwidesprenifedipineavoid thisadministrExcessivehypotensand deatresult

Monitor b

pressure

especiallypatients wbeta blocantihyper

Watch fo

of heart f

Classification: Antianginals

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CONSIDE

Nicardipine

BRANDNAME

Cardipine

DOSAGEInitially

20 mg P.O Tid

hypertension

20 to 40 mg P.O

t.i.d increasedosage depends

on the patients

response

Chronic stable

angina

Inhibits calcium

ion influx across

cardiac and

smooth muscle

cells, thus

decreasing

myocardial

contractility and

oxygen demand

and coronary

arteries and

arterioles.

Patient who are

hypersensitive to

nicardipine

Dizziness

Headache

Paresthesis

Drowsiness

Peripheral

edema

Palpitations

Tachycardia

Nausea

Dry mouth

Abdominal

discomfort

Rash

Flushing

Patients with

impairment s

receive lower

Monitor blood

Allow atleast

between dosa

adjustment t

steady plasm

Advise patien

immediately experiencing

Classification: Corticosteroids

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CONSIDE

Dexamethasone

BRAND NAME

Dexon

DOSAGE

The initial dosage

varies from 0.75

to 9 mg a day

depending on the

disease being

treated

Inflammation of

corticosteroid-

responsive

dermatoses

anti-

inflammatory

effects in

disorders of

many organ

systems

Diffuses across cell

membrane and

complexes with

specific cytoplasmicreceptors

Patient had an allergic

reaction previously.Have an active peptic ulcer

Have an active herpes

simplex fungal ormycobacterial infection ot

the eye, ear infection

Active tuberculosis

Have psychoneurosis or

psychosis

Increased appetiteWeight gainWater retentionIncreased WBCHypokalemiaSkin rash

DizzinessInsomiaHeadache

Stop drug and

doctor if patien

signs of system

absorption.

Before applyinwash skin to p

damage to skin

medication gen

Treatment sho

continued for a

after clearing o

prevent recurr

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