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INDIVIDUALINDIVIDUALINTERACTION ANDINTERACTION AND
SKILLSSKILLS
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CONTENTS OF THE TOPICCONTENTS OF THE TOPIC
DefinitionsDefinitions
Factors influencing individual behaviourFactors influencing individual behaviour
towards otherstowards others Intrapersonal interaction skillsIntrapersonal interaction skills
Interpersonal interaction skillsInterpersonal interaction skills
Types of skillsTypes of skills
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Definition of interactionDefinition of interaction The way in which an individual behaves and actsThe way in which an individual behaves and acts
in situation involving othersin situation involving others
It can beIt can be formal or informalformal or informal
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Factors influencing individualFactors influencing individual
behaviour towards othersbehaviour towards others The actions and behaviour of othersThe actions and behaviour of others Characteristics of other personCharacteristics of other person
Physical appearancePhysical appearance
AgeAge Race and ethnic groupRace and ethnic group
Cognitive processesCognitive processes
Mental process of receiving, storing and usingMental process of receiving, storing and usinginformation about other persons, situation andinformation about other persons, situation andmemoriesmemories
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ContdContd
Environmental variablesEnvironmental variables Environmental temperatureEnvironmental temperature
Environmental odourEnvironmental odour
NoiseNoise
Cultural contextCultural context
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Co-operationCo-operation
Behaviour in which individuals work together toBehaviour in which individuals work together toattain shared goalsattain shared goals
Its affected by:Its affected by:
ReciprocityReciprocity Personal orientationPersonal orientation
Cooperative orientationCooperative orientation
An individualistic orientationAn individualistic orientation Competitive orientationCompetitive orientation
Trust in othersTrust in others
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CompetitionCompetition
The effects of competition areThe effects of competition are
PerformancePerformance
Group solidarity and moraleGroup solidarity and morale Increased cooperation within the groupIncreased cooperation within the group
Positive evaluation of our own groupPositive evaluation of our own group
Distorted perception about other groupDistorted perception about other group
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CollaborationCollaboration
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ConflictConflict
When two or more individuals or groups feelWhen two or more individuals or groups feel
themselves in oppositionthemselves in opposition
Features of conflictFeatures of conflict Matter of perceptionMatter of perception
Opposing interestsOpposing interests
Harm to other interestsHarm to other interests
Social interactionSocial interaction
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Impression management discussed earlierImpression management discussed earlier
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Interaction skillsInteraction skills
Intrapersonal interaction skillsIntrapersonal interaction skills
Interpersonal skillsInterpersonal skills
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Intrapersonal interaction skillsIntrapersonal interaction skills
DefinitionDefinition The abilities that exist within a person's mind or selfThe abilities that exist within a person's mind or self
Skills required for effective intrapersonalSkills required for effective intrapersonal
interactionsinteractions Self awareness and self assessmentSelf awareness and self assessment
Motivation to achieveMotivation to achieve
Receptivity to feedbackReceptivity to feedback
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Effective work habitsEffective work habits It is our ability to give time, work and loyalty to our jobIt is our ability to give time, work and loyalty to our job
Commitment and enthusiasm in helping othersCommitment and enthusiasm in helping others
Nonjudgmental and valuing diversity of values ofNonjudgmental and valuing diversity of values of
othersothers
Self confidenceSelf confidence
Positive personality impact: bothPositive personality impact: both in and outin and out
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Interpersonal skillsInterpersonal skills
It refers to the mental process applied duringIt refers to the mental process applied during
social communication and interaction in ordersocial communication and interaction in order
to reach certain effectsto reach certain effects
Skills required for effective interpersonalSkills required for effective interpersonal
interactioninteraction Effective listeningEffective listening
Be interestedBe interested
Stop talkingStop talking
Avoid distraction, ask questionsAvoid distraction, ask questions
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Reading emotionsReading emotions
Developing trustDeveloping trust
It our ability to make people feel through our sincere efforts that we are honestIt our ability to make people feel through our sincere efforts that we are honest
and reliableand reliable
Good speaking skillsGood speaking skills Time managementTime management
Make list of things to be doneMake list of things to be done
Set priorities on daily basisSet priorities on daily basis
Use prime time effectivelyUse prime time effectively
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Set short and long term goalsSet short and long term goals
Group similar activityGroup similar activity
Set deadline and meet themSet deadline and meet them
Recognize when you are wasting time and take properRecognize when you are wasting time and take proper
actionaction Avoid procrastinationAvoid procrastination
Creative problem solvingCreative problem solving By thinking of ourselves as creativeBy thinking of ourselves as creative
By paying attention to our ideasBy paying attention to our ideas
By looking outside the boxBy looking outside the box
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By looking for ways to do things betterBy looking for ways to do things better
By finding many right answersBy finding many right answers By thinking collectively with othersBy thinking collectively with others By turning ideas into actionBy turning ideas into action
Ability to work in teamsAbility to work in teams Accept responsibility of our and others performanceAccept responsibility of our and others performance Build mutual trust among membersBuild mutual trust among members Appropriate mix of team members skills andAppropriate mix of team members skills and
personalitiespersonalities Ability to establish rapport quicklyAbility to establish rapport quickly
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Types of skillsTypes of skills
Managerial skillsManagerial skills
Decision making skillsDecision making skills
Supervisory skillsSupervisory skills Conceptual skillsConceptual skills
Technical skillsTechnical skills
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Managerial skillsManagerial skills
The Human Touch
Dont Be Overly Critical
Let Them Fail
Be Available
Improve the Workplace
A Personal Interest in People
Be Open to Ideas
Give Your People a Place to Go
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Please note that all the qualities havePlease note that all the qualities have
to be rated to get an accurate score.to be rated to get an accurate score.
PERSONAL QUALITIESPERSONAL QUALITIES 1. Energy1. Energy High Good Limited LowHigh Good Limited Low
2. Objectivity2. Objectivity High Good Limited LowHigh Good Limited Low
3. Stress Management3. Stress Management High Good Limited LowHigh Good Limited Low
4. Uncertainty Tolerance4. Uncertainty Tolerance High Good LimitedHigh Good Limited
LowLow
5. Range of Interest5. Range of Interest High Good Limited LowHigh Good Limited Low
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INTERPERSONAL SKILLSINTERPERSONAL SKILLS 6.Impact6.Impact High Good Limited LowHigh Good Limited Low
7. Leadership7. Leadership High Good Limited LowHigh Good Limited Low
8. Awareness of Environment: political,8. Awareness of Environment: political,
economic, culturaleconomic, cultural High Good Limited LowHigh Good Limited Low
9. Behavioural Flexibility9. Behavioural Flexibility High Good LimitedHigh Good Limited
LowLow 10. Autonomy: self- direction10. Autonomy: self- direction High GoodHigh Good
Limited LowLimited Low
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PROBLEM SOLVINGPROBLEM SOLVING
11. Fact-finding Ability11. Fact-finding Ability High Good Limited LowHigh Good Limited Low
12. Organizing12. Organizing High Good Limited LowHigh Good Limited Low
13. Interpreting Information13. Interpreting Information High Good LimitedHigh Good Limited
LowLow
14. Planning14. Planning High Good Limited LowHigh Good Limited Low
15. Decisiveness15. Decisiveness High Good Limited LowHigh Good Limited Low 16. Decision Making16. Decision Making High Good Limited LowHigh Good Limited Low
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COMMUNICATION SKILLSCOMMUNICATION SKILLS 17. Verbal Clarity and Persuasiveness17. Verbal Clarity and Persuasiveness HighHigh
Good Limited LowGood Limited Low
18. Handling Objections18. Handling Objections High Good LimitedHigh Good Limited
LowLow
19. Written Communications19. Written Communications High GoodHigh Good
Limited LowLimited Low
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Tips For Effective Decision MakingTips For Effective Decision Making
There is no right or wrong when you are making aThere is no right or wrong when you are making a
decisiondecision A decision is a choice between alternatives.A decision is a choice between alternatives.
Never make a snap decision about anything, take timeNever make a snap decision about anything, take timeto think it out.to think it out.
Make written notes when you are making a decision Make written notes when you are making a decision Perform a SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities,Perform a SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities,
Threats) analysis if you have to. Write down all theThreats) analysis if you have to. Write down all the
possible solutions and information, including how eachpossible solutions and information, including how each
option will effect both yourself and the people around youoption will effect both yourself and the people around you
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Avoid allowing your decisions to stack upAvoid allowing your decisions to stack up Making decisions one at a time is so much easierMaking decisions one at a time is so much easier
than dealing with the pressure of lots of decisionsthan dealing with the pressure of lots of decisions
all at one.all at one.
If your decision is going to affect other peopleIf your decision is going to affect other people
then talk to them and find out what theirthen talk to them and find out what their
opinions and needs areopinions and needs are
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Before you make any decision, review theBefore you make any decision, review the
facts that you have relating to the decision.facts that you have relating to the decision.
Base your decisions on what feels right to youBase your decisions on what feels right to you
- your gut instinct will usually guide you- your gut instinct will usually guide you
extremely well.extremely well.
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When you've made a decision, stick to itWhen you've made a decision, stick to it You can never be totally sure you've made the rightYou can never be totally sure you've made the right
decision, but when you've made one stick with it unlessdecision, but when you've made one stick with it unless
there are extremely valid reasons to change itthere are extremely valid reasons to change it
When you have made a decision, commit yourself toWhen you have made a decision, commit yourself to
it 100% and don't let the what if's bother you.it 100% and don't let the what if's bother you.
Believe in yourself and in your ability to not onlyBelieve in yourself and in your ability to not only
make a good decision, but to follow it throughmake a good decision, but to follow it through This belief will help you to trust your decisions.This belief will help you to trust your decisions.
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DECISION MAKING BY GROUPSDECISION MAKING BY GROUPS
DefinitionDefinition It is a process of choosing among variousIt is a process of choosing among various
alternatives the best available course of actionalternatives the best available course of action
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STEPS IN DECISION MAKINGSTEPS IN DECISION MAKING
Elbings five step modelElbings five step model Problem RecognitionProblem Recognition
Problem DefinitionProblem Definition
Solution Generation and selectionSolution Generation and selection
Solution ImplementationSolution Implementation
FeedbackFeedback
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MODELS OF DECISION MAKINGMODELS OF DECISION MAKING
Rational Economic Model byRational Economic Model byAdam smithAdam smith Follow all the sep of decision making (the idealFollow all the sep of decision making (the ideal
decision making strategy)decision making strategy)
The Administrative modelThe Administrative model Bounded Rationality (Bounded Rationality (less than ideal decisionless than ideal decision)) Satisfying Decisions (Satisfying Decisions (good enough rather thangood enough rather than
idealideal)) HeuristicsHeuristics Moral Ethical RestraintsMoral Ethical Restraints
Advantages and Disadvantages ofAdvantages and Disadvantages of
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Advantages and Disadvantages ofAdvantages and Disadvantages of
Group Decision MakingGroup Decision Making
AdvantagesAdvantages Pooling of ResourcesPooling of Resources
Increases Diversity of ViewsIncreases Diversity of Views
Increases StimulationIncreases Stimulation
Sharing the loadSharing the load
Specialization of labourSpecialization of labour
Increased Acceptance of a SolutionIncreased Acceptance of a Solution Increased LegitimacyIncreased Legitimacy
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DisadvantagesDisadvantages Time consumingTime consuming
Threat or intimidatedThreat or intimidated
Pressure to conformPressure to conform
Domination by fewDomination by few
Conflict and ill willConflict and ill will
Ambiguous responsibilityAmbiguous responsibility Influence of seniorsInfluence of seniors
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Supervisory skillsSupervisory skills
Be yourself.Be yourself.
Start slowly.Start slowly.
Gather information.Gather information. Be visible.Be visible.
Review written materials, policies andReview written materials, policies and
procedures as early as possible.procedures as early as possible.
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Use your boss and seek a seasoned mentorUse your boss and seek a seasoned mentor
Emphasize teamworkEmphasize teamwork
Be evenhanded, fair, and consistent.Be evenhanded, fair, and consistent.
Promise - and provide - good communication inPromise - and provide - good communication in
both directions.both directions.
Wherever it is within your power, make your ownWherever it is within your power, make your own
decisions.decisions.
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Technical skillsTechnical skills
Involves process or technique knowledge andInvolves process or technique knowledge andproficiencyproficiency
Conceptual skillsConceptual skills
Involves the formulation of ideasInvolves the formulation of ideas Managers understand abstract relationships,Managers understand abstract relationships,
develop ideas, and solve problems creativelydevelop ideas, and solve problems creatively