6) individual interaction

8/4/2019 6) Individual Interaction

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INDIVIDUALINDIVIDUALINTERACTION ANDINTERACTION AND

SKILLSSKILLS


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CONTENTS OF THE TOPICCONTENTS OF THE TOPIC

DefinitionsDefinitions

Factors influencing individual behaviourFactors influencing individual behaviour

towards otherstowards others Intrapersonal interaction skillsIntrapersonal interaction skills

Interpersonal interaction skillsInterpersonal interaction skills

Types of skillsTypes of skills
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Definition of interactionDefinition of interaction The way in which an individual behaves and actsThe way in which an individual behaves and acts

in situation involving othersin situation involving others

It can beIt can be formal or informalformal or informal


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Factors influencing individualFactors influencing individual

behaviour towards othersbehaviour towards others The actions and behaviour of othersThe actions and behaviour of others Characteristics of other personCharacteristics of other person

Physical appearancePhysical appearance

AgeAge Race and ethnic groupRace and ethnic group

Cognitive processesCognitive processes

Mental process of receiving, storing and usingMental process of receiving, storing and usinginformation about other persons, situation andinformation about other persons, situation andmemoriesmemories


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ContdContd

Environmental variablesEnvironmental variables Environmental temperatureEnvironmental temperature

Environmental odourEnvironmental odour

NoiseNoise

Cultural contextCultural context


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Co-operationCo-operation

Behaviour in which individuals work together toBehaviour in which individuals work together toattain shared goalsattain shared goals

Its affected by:Its affected by:

ReciprocityReciprocity Personal orientationPersonal orientation

Cooperative orientationCooperative orientation

An individualistic orientationAn individualistic orientation Competitive orientationCompetitive orientation

Trust in othersTrust in others


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CompetitionCompetition

The effects of competition areThe effects of competition are

PerformancePerformance

Group solidarity and moraleGroup solidarity and morale Increased cooperation within the groupIncreased cooperation within the group

Positive evaluation of our own groupPositive evaluation of our own group

Distorted perception about other groupDistorted perception about other group


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CollaborationCollaboration


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ConflictConflict

When two or more individuals or groups feelWhen two or more individuals or groups feel

themselves in oppositionthemselves in opposition

Features of conflictFeatures of conflict Matter of perceptionMatter of perception

Opposing interestsOpposing interests

Harm to other interestsHarm to other interests

Social interactionSocial interaction


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Impression management discussed earlierImpression management discussed earlier


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Interaction skillsInteraction skills

Intrapersonal interaction skillsIntrapersonal interaction skills

Interpersonal skillsInterpersonal skills


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Intrapersonal interaction skillsIntrapersonal interaction skills

DefinitionDefinition The abilities that exist within a person's mind or selfThe abilities that exist within a person's mind or self

Skills required for effective intrapersonalSkills required for effective intrapersonal

interactionsinteractions Self awareness and self assessmentSelf awareness and self assessment

Motivation to achieveMotivation to achieve

Receptivity to feedbackReceptivity to feedback


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Effective work habitsEffective work habits It is our ability to give time, work and loyalty to our jobIt is our ability to give time, work and loyalty to our job

Commitment and enthusiasm in helping othersCommitment and enthusiasm in helping others

Nonjudgmental and valuing diversity of values ofNonjudgmental and valuing diversity of values of

othersothers

Self confidenceSelf confidence

Positive personality impact: bothPositive personality impact: both in and outin and out


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Interpersonal skillsInterpersonal skills

It refers to the mental process applied duringIt refers to the mental process applied during

social communication and interaction in ordersocial communication and interaction in order

to reach certain effectsto reach certain effects

Skills required for effective interpersonalSkills required for effective interpersonal

interactioninteraction Effective listeningEffective listening

Be interestedBe interested

Stop talkingStop talking

Avoid distraction, ask questionsAvoid distraction, ask questions


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Reading emotionsReading emotions

Developing trustDeveloping trust

It our ability to make people feel through our sincere efforts that we are honestIt our ability to make people feel through our sincere efforts that we are honest

and reliableand reliable

Good speaking skillsGood speaking skills Time managementTime management

Make list of things to be doneMake list of things to be done

Set priorities on daily basisSet priorities on daily basis

Use prime time effectivelyUse prime time effectively


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Set short and long term goalsSet short and long term goals

Group similar activityGroup similar activity

Set deadline and meet themSet deadline and meet them

Recognize when you are wasting time and take properRecognize when you are wasting time and take proper

actionaction Avoid procrastinationAvoid procrastination

Creative problem solvingCreative problem solving By thinking of ourselves as creativeBy thinking of ourselves as creative

By paying attention to our ideasBy paying attention to our ideas

By looking outside the boxBy looking outside the box


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By looking for ways to do things betterBy looking for ways to do things better

By finding many right answersBy finding many right answers By thinking collectively with othersBy thinking collectively with others By turning ideas into actionBy turning ideas into action

Ability to work in teamsAbility to work in teams Accept responsibility of our and others performanceAccept responsibility of our and others performance Build mutual trust among membersBuild mutual trust among members Appropriate mix of team members skills andAppropriate mix of team members skills and

personalitiespersonalities Ability to establish rapport quicklyAbility to establish rapport quickly


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Types of skillsTypes of skills

Managerial skillsManagerial skills

Decision making skillsDecision making skills

Supervisory skillsSupervisory skills Conceptual skillsConceptual skills

Technical skillsTechnical skills


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Managerial skillsManagerial skills

The Human Touch

Dont Be Overly Critical

Let Them Fail

Be Available

Improve the Workplace

A Personal Interest in People

Be Open to Ideas

Give Your People a Place to Go


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Please note that all the qualities havePlease note that all the qualities have

to be rated to get an accurate score.to be rated to get an accurate score.

PERSONAL QUALITIESPERSONAL QUALITIES 1. Energy1. Energy High Good Limited LowHigh Good Limited Low

2. Objectivity2. Objectivity High Good Limited LowHigh Good Limited Low

3. Stress Management3. Stress Management High Good Limited LowHigh Good Limited Low

4. Uncertainty Tolerance4. Uncertainty Tolerance High Good LimitedHigh Good Limited

LowLow

5. Range of Interest5. Range of Interest High Good Limited LowHigh Good Limited Low


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INTERPERSONAL SKILLSINTERPERSONAL SKILLS 6.Impact6.Impact High Good Limited LowHigh Good Limited Low

7. Leadership7. Leadership High Good Limited LowHigh Good Limited Low

8. Awareness of Environment: political,8. Awareness of Environment: political,

economic, culturaleconomic, cultural High Good Limited LowHigh Good Limited Low

9. Behavioural Flexibility9. Behavioural Flexibility High Good LimitedHigh Good Limited

LowLow 10. Autonomy: self- direction10. Autonomy: self- direction High GoodHigh Good

Limited LowLimited Low


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PROBLEM SOLVINGPROBLEM SOLVING

11. Fact-finding Ability11. Fact-finding Ability High Good Limited LowHigh Good Limited Low

12. Organizing12. Organizing High Good Limited LowHigh Good Limited Low

13. Interpreting Information13. Interpreting Information High Good LimitedHigh Good Limited

LowLow

14. Planning14. Planning High Good Limited LowHigh Good Limited Low

15. Decisiveness15. Decisiveness High Good Limited LowHigh Good Limited Low 16. Decision Making16. Decision Making High Good Limited LowHigh Good Limited Low


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COMMUNICATION SKILLSCOMMUNICATION SKILLS 17. Verbal Clarity and Persuasiveness17. Verbal Clarity and Persuasiveness HighHigh

Good Limited LowGood Limited Low

18. Handling Objections18. Handling Objections High Good LimitedHigh Good Limited

LowLow

19. Written Communications19. Written Communications High GoodHigh Good

Limited LowLimited Low


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Tips For Effective Decision MakingTips For Effective Decision Making

There is no right or wrong when you are making aThere is no right or wrong when you are making a

decisiondecision A decision is a choice between alternatives.A decision is a choice between alternatives.

Never make a snap decision about anything, take timeNever make a snap decision about anything, take timeto think it out.to think it out.

Make written notes when you are making a decision Make written notes when you are making a decision Perform a SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities,Perform a SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities,

Threats) analysis if you have to. Write down all theThreats) analysis if you have to. Write down all the

possible solutions and information, including how eachpossible solutions and information, including how each

option will effect both yourself and the people around youoption will effect both yourself and the people around you


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Avoid allowing your decisions to stack upAvoid allowing your decisions to stack up Making decisions one at a time is so much easierMaking decisions one at a time is so much easier

than dealing with the pressure of lots of decisionsthan dealing with the pressure of lots of decisions

all at one.all at one.

If your decision is going to affect other peopleIf your decision is going to affect other people

then talk to them and find out what theirthen talk to them and find out what their

opinions and needs areopinions and needs are


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Before you make any decision, review theBefore you make any decision, review the

facts that you have relating to the decision.facts that you have relating to the decision.

Base your decisions on what feels right to youBase your decisions on what feels right to you

- your gut instinct will usually guide you- your gut instinct will usually guide you

extremely well.extremely well.


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When you've made a decision, stick to itWhen you've made a decision, stick to it You can never be totally sure you've made the rightYou can never be totally sure you've made the right

decision, but when you've made one stick with it unlessdecision, but when you've made one stick with it unless

there are extremely valid reasons to change itthere are extremely valid reasons to change it

When you have made a decision, commit yourself toWhen you have made a decision, commit yourself to

it 100% and don't let the what if's bother you.it 100% and don't let the what if's bother you.

Believe in yourself and in your ability to not onlyBelieve in yourself and in your ability to not only

make a good decision, but to follow it throughmake a good decision, but to follow it through This belief will help you to trust your decisions.This belief will help you to trust your decisions.


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DECISION MAKING BY GROUPSDECISION MAKING BY GROUPS

DefinitionDefinition It is a process of choosing among variousIt is a process of choosing among various

alternatives the best available course of actionalternatives the best available course of action


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STEPS IN DECISION MAKINGSTEPS IN DECISION MAKING

Elbings five step modelElbings five step model Problem RecognitionProblem Recognition

Problem DefinitionProblem Definition

Solution Generation and selectionSolution Generation and selection

Solution ImplementationSolution Implementation

FeedbackFeedback


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MODELS OF DECISION MAKINGMODELS OF DECISION MAKING

Rational Economic Model byRational Economic Model byAdam smithAdam smith Follow all the sep of decision making (the idealFollow all the sep of decision making (the ideal

decision making strategy)decision making strategy)

The Administrative modelThe Administrative model Bounded Rationality (Bounded Rationality (less than ideal decisionless than ideal decision)) Satisfying Decisions (Satisfying Decisions (good enough rather thangood enough rather than

idealideal)) HeuristicsHeuristics Moral Ethical RestraintsMoral Ethical Restraints

Advantages and Disadvantages ofAdvantages and Disadvantages of


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Advantages and Disadvantages ofAdvantages and Disadvantages of

Group Decision MakingGroup Decision Making

AdvantagesAdvantages Pooling of ResourcesPooling of Resources

Increases Diversity of ViewsIncreases Diversity of Views

Increases StimulationIncreases Stimulation

Sharing the loadSharing the load

Specialization of labourSpecialization of labour

Increased Acceptance of a SolutionIncreased Acceptance of a Solution Increased LegitimacyIncreased Legitimacy


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DisadvantagesDisadvantages Time consumingTime consuming

Threat or intimidatedThreat or intimidated

Pressure to conformPressure to conform

Domination by fewDomination by few

Conflict and ill willConflict and ill will

Ambiguous responsibilityAmbiguous responsibility Influence of seniorsInfluence of seniors


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Supervisory skillsSupervisory skills

Be yourself.Be yourself.

Start slowly.Start slowly.

Gather information.Gather information. Be visible.Be visible.

Review written materials, policies andReview written materials, policies and

procedures as early as possible.procedures as early as possible.


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Use your boss and seek a seasoned mentorUse your boss and seek a seasoned mentor

Emphasize teamworkEmphasize teamwork

Be evenhanded, fair, and consistent.Be evenhanded, fair, and consistent.

Promise - and provide - good communication inPromise - and provide - good communication in

both directions.both directions.

Wherever it is within your power, make your ownWherever it is within your power, make your own

decisions.decisions.


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Technical skillsTechnical skills

Involves process or technique knowledge andInvolves process or technique knowledge andproficiencyproficiency

Conceptual skillsConceptual skills

Involves the formulation of ideasInvolves the formulation of ideas Managers understand abstract relationships,Managers understand abstract relationships,

develop ideas, and solve problems creativelydevelop ideas, and solve problems creatively

6) individual interaction

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