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Closing Entries and the Postclosing
Trial Balance
Closing Entries and the Postclosing
Trial Balance
Section 1: Closing Entries
Chapter
6
Section Objectives
1. Journalize and post closing entries.
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The Accounting Cycle
Step 7 Journalize and
post closing entries
Step 1 Analyze
transactions
Step 2 Journalize the
data about transactions
Step 4 Prepare
a worksheet
Step 5Prepare financial
statements
Step 6 Journalize and post adjusting
entriesStep 8 Prepare a
postclosing trial balance
Step 9 Interpret
the financial information
Step 3 Post the
data about transactions
The seventh step in the accounting cycle is to journalize and post closing entries
Step 7 Journalize and
post closing entries
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The Income Summary account is a special owner’s equity account that is used only in the closing process to summarize the results of operations.
ANSWER:
QUESTION:
What is the Income Summary account?
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Income Summary AccountIncome Summary Account
Classified as a temporary owner’s equity account.
Does not have a normal balance.
Has a zero balance after the closing process and remains with a zero balance until after the closing procedure for the next period.
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2. Transfer the expense account balances to the Income Summary account.
4. Transfer the balance of the drawing account to the owner’s capital account.
3. Transfer the balance of the Income Summary account to the owner’s capital account.
1. Transfer the balance of the revenue account to the Income Summary account.
Objective 1 Journalize and post closing entries
There are four steps in the closing process:
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Net Income
47,000 47,000 137,350 137,350
CREDIT
BALANCE SHEETINCOME STMT.
DEBIT CREDIT DEBIT
111,350
5,0001,000
11,0004,000
1833,500
100,0005,000
47,000 8,000 650500
1834,000
47,000
103,68313,333 137,350
183
150,683
TRIAL BALANCE ADJ. TRIAL BAL.ADJUSTMENTS
DEBIT CREDIT CREDIT DEBIT CREDIT
ACCOUNT NAME
CashAccounts ReceivableSuppliesPrepaid RentEquipment
Accum. Depr.—Equip.
Carolyn Wells, Cap.Accounts Payable
Carolyn Wells, Draw.Fees IncomeSalaries ExpenseUtilities ExpenseSupplies ExpenseRent ExpenseDepr. Exp.—Equip.Totals
DEBIT
111,350
3,500100,000
5,00047,000
8,000 650
11,0008,000
5,0001,500
111,350
5,000
11,000
5,000
8,000 650
1,000
3,500100,000
47,000
500
1834,000
150,500
150,500 4,683 4,683
(c) 183
(a) 500(b) 4,000(c) 183
(a) 500(b) 4,000 4,000
150,68333,667 33,667
Wells’ Consulting ServicesWorksheet
Month Ended December 31, 2010
Fees Income has a credit balance of $47,000
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Fees Income
Closing 47,000
Balance 47,000
Income Summary
Closing 47,000
Step 1: Close Revenue
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The words “Closing Entries” are written in the Description column of the general journal
GENERAL JOURNAL PAGE
4
DATE DESCRIPTION POST. DEBIT CREDIT REF.
2010 Closing Entries
Dec. 31 Fees Income 47,000
Income Summary 47,000
Step 1: Close Revenue
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The Income Statement section of the worksheet for Wells’ Consulting Services lists five expense accounts.
Since expense accounts have debit balances, enter a credit in each account to reduce its balance to zero.
This closing entry transfers total expenses to the Income Summary account.
Step 2: Close Expenses
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The five expense account balances are reduced to zero.
Step 2: Close Expenses
The total, $13,333 of expenses are transferred to the temporary owner’s equity account, Income Summary.
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Income Summary Salaries Expense
Closing 13,333
Bal 47,000
Closing 8,000
Balance 8,000
Utilities Expense Supplies Expense
Balance 650 Balance 500Closing 500Closing 650
Depr. Expense – Equip.Rent Expense
Closing 4,000
Balance 4,000 Balance 183
Closing 183
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GENERAL JOURNAL PAGE 4
DATE DESCRIPTION POST. DEBIT CREDIT REF.
2010 Closing EntriesDec. 31 Income Summary 13,333.00 Salaries Expense 8,000.00 Utilities Expense 650.00 Supplies Expense 500.00 Rent Expense 4,000.00 Depreciation Exp.-Equip. 183.00
Step 2: Close Expenses
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The Income Summary account reflects all entries in the Income Statement section of the worksheet.
Income Summary
Dr.
Closing 13,333
Cr.
Balance 33,667
Closing 47,000
Net Income
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The journal entry to transfer net income to owner’s equity is a debit to Income Summary, and a credit to Carolyn Wells, Capital.
The balance of Income Summary is reduced to zero; the owner’s capital account is increased by the amount of net income.
Step 3: Close Net Income to Capital
The Income Summary account is reduced to zero.
The net income amount, $33,667, is transferred to the owner’s capital account. Carolyn Wells, Capital is increased by $33,667.
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Income Summary Carolyn Wells, Capital
Closing 33,667
Balance 33,667Balance 100,000
Step 3: Close Net Income to Capital
Closing 33,667
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GENERAL JOURNAL PAGE 4
DATE DESCRIPTION POST. DEBIT CREDIT REF. Closing EntriesDec. 31 Income Summary 33,667.00
Carolyn Wells, Capital 33,667.00
Step 3: Close Net Income to Capital
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•Withdrawals appear in the statement of owner’s equity as a deduction from capital.
•The drawing account is closed directly to the capital account.
•The drawing account balance is reduced to zero.
•The balance of the drawing account, $5,000, is transferred to the owner’s capital account.
Step 4: Close Drawing to Capital
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Carolyn Wells, Capital Carolyn Wells, Drawing
Closing 5,000
Balance 133,667
Closing 5,000
Balance 5,000
Step 4: Close Drawing to Capital
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GENERAL JOURNAL PAGE 4
DATE DESCRIPTION POST. DEBIT CREDIT REF. Closing EntriesDec. 31 Carolyn Wells, Capital 5,000.00
Carolyn Wells, Drawing 5,000.00
Step 4: Close Drawing to Capital
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The new balance of the Carolyn Wells, Capital account agrees with the amount listed on the balance sheet.
Carolyn Wells, CapitalCarolyn Wells, Drawing
Closing 5,000
Cr. Dr.
Balance 5,000
Balance 0
Cr.
Balance 100,000
Net Inc. 33,667
Balance 128,667
Dr.
Drawing 5,000
Carolyn Wells, Capital
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Summary of Closing Entries
GENERAL JOURNAL PAGE 4
POST. DATE DESCRIPTION REF. DEBIT CREDIT 2010 Closing Entries
Dec. 31 Fees Income 401 47,000.00 Income Summary 309 47,000.00
31 Income Summary 309 13,333.00 Salaries Expense 511 8,000.00 Utilities Expense 514 650.00 Supplies Expense 517 500.00 Rent Expense 520 4,000.00 Depr. Expense-Equip. 523 183.00
31 Income Summary 309 33,667.00 Carolyn Wells, Capital 301 33,667.00
31 Carolyn Wells, Capital 301 5,000.00 Carolyn Wells, Draw. 302 5,000.00
STEPS
1. Close Revenue Account
2. Close Expense Accounts
3. CloseIncome Summary
4. CloseDrawing Account
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“Closing” is entered in the Description column of the ledger accounts.
The ending balances of the drawing, revenue, and expense accounts are zero.
Posting the Closing EntriesAll journal entries are posted to the general ledger accounts.
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GENERAL JOURNAL PAGE 4
POST. DATE DESCRIPTION REF. DEBIT CREDIT 2010 Closing Entries Dec. 31 Fees Income 401 47,000.00 Income Summary 309 47,000.00
STEPS
1. CLOSEREVENUE
ACCOUNT Fees Income ACCOUNT NO. 401
POST. BALANCE DATE DESCRIPTION REF. DEBIT CREDIT DEBIT CREDIT
2010 Dec. 31 J2 36,000.00 36,000.00Dec. 31 J2 11,000.00 47,000.00Dec. 31 Closing J4 47,000.00 – 0 –
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ACCOUNT Income Summary ACCOUNT NO. 309
POST. BALANCE DATE DESCRIPTION REF. DEBIT CREDIT DEBIT CREDIT
2010 Dec. 31 Closing J4 47,000.00 47,000.00
GENERAL JOURNAL PAGE 4
POST. DATE DESCRIPTION REF. DEBIT CREDIT 2010 Closing Entries Dec. 31 Fees Income 401 47,000.00 Income Summary 309 47,000.00
STEPS
1. CLOSEREVENUE
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Closing Entriesand the Postclosing
Trial Balance
Closing Entriesand the Postclosing
Trial Balance
Section 2: Using Accounting Information
Chapter
6
2. Prepare a postclosing trial balance.
3. Interpret financial statements.
4. Review the steps in the accounting cycle.
McGraw-Hill © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Step 1 Analyze
transactions
Step 2 Journalize the
data about transactions
Step 7 Journalize and
post closing entries
Step 3 Post the
data about transactions
Step 4 Prepare
a worksheet
Step 5Prepare financial
statements
Step 6 Journalize and post adjusting
entriesStep 8 Prepare a
postclosing trial balance
Step 9 Interpret
the financial information
The Accounting Cycle
Step 8 Prepare a
postclosing trial balance
Step 9 Interpret
the financial information
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What is the postclosing trial balance
A postclosing trial balance is a statement that is prepared to prove the equality of total debits and credits after the closing process is completed. It verifies that revenue, expense, and drawing accounts have zero balances.
QUESTION:
ANSWER:
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Wells’ Consulting Services Postclosing Trial Balance December 31, 2010
ACCOUNT NAME DEBIT CREDIT Cash 111,350.00 Accounts Receivable 5,000.00Supplies 1,000.00Prepaid Rent 4,000.00 Equipment 11,000.00Accumulated Depreciation–Equipment 183.00 Accounts Payable 3,500.00Carolyn Wells, Capital 128,667.00Totals 132,350.00 132,350.00
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If the postclosing trial balance does not balance, the accounting records contain errors.
Use the audit trail to trace data through the accounting records.
Finding and Correcting Errors
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Objective 3
Interpret financial statements
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What is the cash balance?
How much do the customers owe the business?
Wells’ Consulting Services Partial Balance Sheet
December 31, 2010Assets
Cash $ 111,350.00 Accounts Receivable 5,000.00Supplies 1,000.00Prepaid Rent 4,000.00 Equipment $ 11,000.00Less Accumulated Depreciation 183.00 10,817.00Total Assets $ 132,167.00
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How much does the business owe its suppliers?
Wells’ Consulting Services Balance SheetDecember 31, 2010
Assets Cash $ 111,350.00 Accounts Receivable 5,000.00Supplies 1,000.00Prepaid Rent 4,000.00 Equipment $ 11,000.00Less Accumulated Depreciation 183.00 10,817.00Total Assets $ 132,167.00
Liabilities and Owner’s EquityLiabilities Accounts Payable $ 3,500.00Owner’s Equity Carolyn Wells, Capital 128,667.00Total Liabilities and Owner’s Equity $132,167.00
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Wells’ Consulting Services Income Statement
Month Ended December 31, 2010
Revenue Fees Income 47,000.00 Expenses Salaries Expense 8,000.00 Utilities Expense 650.00 Supplies Expense 500.00 Rent Expense 4,000.00 Depr. Expense--Equipment 183.00 Total Expenses 13,333.00Net Income for the Month 33,667.00
What is the profit?
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The Accounting Cycle
Step 1 Analyze
transactions
Step 2 Journalize the
data about transactions
Step 3 Post the
data about transactions
Step 4 Prepare
a worksheet
Prepare financial statements
Income Statement
Statement of Owner’s Equity
Balance Sheet
Step 5Prepare financial
statements
Step 5Prepare financial
statements
Objective 4 Review the steps in the accounting cycle
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The Accounting Cycle
Step 1 Analyze
transactions
Step 2 Journalize the
data about transactions
Step 3 Post the
data about transactions
Step 4 Prepare
a worksheet
Step 5Prepare financial
statements
Step 6 Journalize and post adjusting
entries
Transfer net income or net loss to owner’s equity. Reduce the balances of the
temporary accounts to zero.
Step 7 Journalize and
post closing entries
Step 7 Journalize and
post closing entries
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The Accounting Cycle
Step 1 Analyze
transactions
Step 2 Journalize the
data about transactions
Step 3 Post the
data about transactions
Step 4 Prepare
a worksheet
Step 5Prepare financial
statements
Step 6 Journalize and post adjusting
entriesStep 7
Journalize and post closing
entries
Step 8 Prepare a
postclosing trial balance
Step 9 Interpret
the financial information
Step 9 Interpret
the financial information Step 8
Prepare a postclosing trial balance
Step 5Prepare financial
statements
Step 4 Prepare
a worksheet
Step 3 Post the
data about transactions
Step 2 Journalize the
data about transactions
Step 1 Analyze
transactions
Step 6 Journalize and post adjusting
entriesStep 7
Journalize and post closing
entries
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Flow of Data Through a Simple Accounting System
Source Documents
Source documents are analyzed
General journal
General ledger
Worksheet Financialstatements
Source Documents
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Haddock • Price • Farina
Thank Youfor using
College AccountingA Contemporary Approach, 1ST Edition