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Spanish-American WarThe Splendid Little War
1898President: William McKinley
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Causes of the War
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2. Cuban Revolutions
Cubans revoltagainst Spanish
control
Seek U.S. support
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3. Scorched Earth Tactics
Cuban Rebels burn U.S. Plantations
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If rebels want US help, why
burn US plantations?
1. Gain US attention
2. Give US reason tointervene
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4. Spanish Response to Revolts
General ValerianoWeyler
The Butcher
Reconcentrados:
concentration camps
300,000 imprisoned
200,000 die
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Reconcentrado
C C
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Cuban Cemetery
Post-Reconcentrado
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5. Yellow Journalism
William Randolph Hearst Joseph Pulitzer
The use of sensational, exaggerated stories innewspapers to attract readers.
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5. Yellow Journalism
Competed for most graphic reports ofSpanish atrocities (some true, some not).
You furnish the pictures, and Ill furnishthe war
- William Randolph Hearst
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5. Yellow Journalism
William RandolphHearst
New York Morning Journal
a. born in San Francisco
b. wealthy family
c. expelled from Harvard
d. given the San FranciscoExaminer
e. by 1895 owned the NewYork Journal
f. found the International
News Service
Joseph Pulitzer
New York World
a. Hungarian immigrant
b. hired Union soldier
c. German newspaper in St.Louis
d. 1883 bought World, thelargest newspaper in theU.S.
e. Pulitzer Prize
Columbia University
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7. De Lome Letter
Enrique Dupuy deLome
Spanish Ambassador
Wrote letter mocking
McKinley
INTERCEPTED andPUBLISHED
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7. De Lome Letter
[McKinley is] weak
and a bidder for the
admiration of the
crowd, besides beinga would be politician
who tries to leave a
door open behind himwhile keeping on
good terms with the
jingoesof his party.
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So whats a jingo?
Jingoism: Supporting awar-like foreignpolicy.
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8. Explosion on USS MaineExplodes in Havana Harbor:
February 15, 1898
Newspaper article:
February 17, 1898
Remember the
Maine,
To Hell with
Spain!!
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The U.S.S. Maine
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II. US Goes to War with Spain
April 20, 1898
1. U.S. declares Cuba independent2. Teller Amendment - U.S. NOT take over Cuba
April 24, 1898 - Spain declares
war
April 25, 1898 - U.S. declares
war
Spain does NOT want war!
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Preparing for War
1. Was US prepared for war?
NO! (27,000 troops!)
NO!
2. Was Spain prepared for war?
Congress approves$50 million to prepare
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Preparing for War
TR: Asst Secretary of Navy
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Preparing for War
While boss out of office TRorders US Pacific fleet to fuel andready for war!
Philippines: Spanish colony (Navy base) Afraid will attack US if war
Resigns to join volunteer cavalry
Sound like a Jingo????
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So Where will the United States
Attack? Cuba?
NO!!!
U.S. Attacks Philippines
Why????
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III. Pacific Theatre
Philippines
Commodore George Dewey
Deploys Pacific AsiaticFleet
Hong Kong to
Manila Bay
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May 1, 1898 - Battle of Manila Bay
Spains Pacific
fleet destroyed Sunk 10 ships 381 killed
No American
Casualties
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Emilio Aguinaldo
Led Filipino rebels
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Manila Surrenders August 13, 1898
No Real Battle
Like reenactment so Spain cansave face
Battle occurred day AFTER ceasefire agreement telegraph down!
IV C ibb Th t
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IV. Caribbean Theatre
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U.S.S. Oregon
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Battle for CubaJune 1, 1898 - blockade of Santiago Harbor
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Battle for Cuba
July 1, 1898 - the battle for El Caney begins
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Battle for El Caney
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Rough Riders (1st Vol. Cavalry)
Mix of Cowboys,Northern moneyedGentlemen, and NativeAmericans
Legend says TR led thecharge up San Juan Hill.
He actually fought at
Kettle Hill.
He was not thecommanding officer
NO HORSES!!
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Rough Riders
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10th Cavalry
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Cuba falls
1. July 3, 1898 - Spanish try to break the
blockade - every ship is destroyed
Cuba falls
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Cuba falls
July 17, 1898 - the city ofSantiago surrendered
III R lt f th
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III. Results of the
Spanish-American WarTreaty of Paris:
Signed in December 1898
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Three U.S. Possessions
PPG
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NOT CUBA!!!
General Leonard Wood Major Walter Reed, M.D.
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Killers of War
Primary Killer of Troops NOTBattle!!
10 times as many killed bydisease (330 vs. 3000)
Yellow Fever and Malaria
US A Y ll F
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US Army Yellow Fever
Commission (Cuba 1900)
Headed byWalter Reed
Thought malariaand yellow feverspread by soiledclothes and
linens.
WRONG!!Mosquitos Spread
Them!!
Emilio Aguinaldo
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Emilio Aguinaldo
Led Filipino rebels
Philippines EXPECTindependence (LikeCuba)
US does not grant
Filipinos take uparms against U.S.
Fight until 1902 More die in thisconflict thanSpanish-American