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Spanish-American WarThe Splendid Little War

1898President: William McKinley

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Causes of the War

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2. Cuban Revolutions

Cubans revoltagainst Spanish

control

Seek U.S. support

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3. Scorched Earth Tactics

Cuban Rebels burn U.S. Plantations

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If rebels want US help, why

burn US plantations?

1. Gain US attention

2. Give US reason tointervene

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4. Spanish Response to Revolts

General ValerianoWeyler

The Butcher

Reconcentrados:

concentration camps

300,000 imprisoned

200,000 die

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Reconcentrado

C C

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Cuban Cemetery

Post-Reconcentrado

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5. Yellow Journalism

William Randolph Hearst Joseph Pulitzer

The use of sensational, exaggerated stories innewspapers to attract readers.

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Competed for most graphic reports ofSpanish atrocities (some true, some not).

You furnish the pictures, and Ill furnishthe war

- William Randolph Hearst

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William RandolphHearst

New York Morning Journal

a. born in San Francisco

b. wealthy family

c. expelled from Harvard

d. given the San FranciscoExaminer

e. by 1895 owned the NewYork Journal

f. found the International

News Service

Joseph Pulitzer

New York World

a. Hungarian immigrant

b. hired Union soldier

c. German newspaper in St.Louis

d. 1883 bought World, thelargest newspaper in theU.S.

e. Pulitzer Prize

Columbia University

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7. De Lome Letter

Enrique Dupuy deLome

Spanish Ambassador

Wrote letter mocking

McKinley

INTERCEPTED andPUBLISHED

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7. De Lome Letter

[McKinley is] weak

and a bidder for the

admiration of the

crowd, besides beinga would be politician

who tries to leave a

door open behind himwhile keeping on

good terms with the

jingoesof his party.

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So whats a jingo?

Jingoism: Supporting awar-like foreignpolicy.

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8. Explosion on USS MaineExplodes in Havana Harbor:

February 15, 1898

Newspaper article:

February 17, 1898

Remember the

Maine,

To Hell with

Spain!!

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The U.S.S. Maine

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II. US Goes to War with Spain

April 20, 1898

1. U.S. declares Cuba independent2. Teller Amendment - U.S. NOT take over Cuba

April 24, 1898 - Spain declares

war

April 25, 1898 - U.S. declares

war

Spain does NOT want war!

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Preparing for War

1. Was US prepared for war?

NO! (27,000 troops!)

NO!

2. Was Spain prepared for war?

Congress approves$50 million to prepare

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Preparing for War

TR: Asst Secretary of Navy

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Preparing for War

While boss out of office TRorders US Pacific fleet to fuel andready for war!

Philippines: Spanish colony (Navy base) Afraid will attack US if war

Resigns to join volunteer cavalry

Sound like a Jingo????

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So Where will the United States

Attack? Cuba?

NO!!!

U.S. Attacks Philippines

Why????

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III. Pacific Theatre

Philippines

Commodore George Dewey

Deploys Pacific AsiaticFleet

Hong Kong to

Manila Bay

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May 1, 1898 - Battle of Manila Bay

Spains Pacific

fleet destroyed Sunk 10 ships 381 killed

No American

Casualties

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Emilio Aguinaldo

Led Filipino rebels

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Manila Surrenders August 13, 1898

No Real Battle

Like reenactment so Spain cansave face

Battle occurred day AFTER ceasefire agreement telegraph down!

IV C ibb Th t

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IV. Caribbean Theatre

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U.S.S. Oregon

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Battle for CubaJune 1, 1898 - blockade of Santiago Harbor

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Battle for Cuba

July 1, 1898 - the battle for El Caney begins

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Battle for El Caney

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Rough Riders (1st Vol. Cavalry)

Mix of Cowboys,Northern moneyedGentlemen, and NativeAmericans

Legend says TR led thecharge up San Juan Hill.

He actually fought at

Kettle Hill.

He was not thecommanding officer

NO HORSES!!

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Rough Riders

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10th Cavalry

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Cuba falls

1. July 3, 1898 - Spanish try to break the

blockade - every ship is destroyed

Cuba falls

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Cuba falls

July 17, 1898 - the city ofSantiago surrendered

III R lt f th

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III. Results of the

Spanish-American WarTreaty of Paris:

Signed in December 1898

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Three U.S. Possessions

PPG

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NOT CUBA!!!

General Leonard Wood Major Walter Reed, M.D.

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Killers of War

Primary Killer of Troops NOTBattle!!

10 times as many killed bydisease (330 vs. 3000)

Yellow Fever and Malaria

US A Y ll F

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US Army Yellow Fever

Commission (Cuba 1900)

Headed byWalter Reed

Thought malariaand yellow feverspread by soiledclothes and

linens.

WRONG!!Mosquitos Spread

Them!!

Emilio Aguinaldo

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Emilio Aguinaldo

Led Filipino rebels

Philippines EXPECTindependence (LikeCuba)

US does not grant

Filipinos take uparms against U.S.

Fight until 1902 More die in thisconflict thanSpanish-American

3. sp-am war

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