21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 1
Integrated Economic and Environmental Accounting and Globalisation and the impact for Agriculture
Oktober 2007, ICAS IV: Beijing
Pieter Everaers: Eurostat
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 2
OverviewOverview
Integration:
Indicators and the use of accounting principles:
National accounts and other accounting systems
Environmental accounting
SEEA 2003
European Strategy on Environmental Accounting, ESEA 2003
Globalisation and environmental statistics
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 3
Integration
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 4
Indicators
Top indicator (GDP)
Basic micro data
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 5
GDP
Economic accounts
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 6
GDP
SDI
Environmental accounts
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 7
GDP
SD
I
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 8
Soc
ind
GDP
SD
I
Social indicators
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 9
Soc
ind
otherG
DP
SD
I
Other field
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 10
Soc
ind
other
other
GDP
SD
I
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 11
Agri accounts
Soc
ind
other
other
GDP
SD
I
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 12
Agri acc
Soc
ind
test
other
GDP
SD
IEconomy Euro-indicators
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 13
Microdata
Amounts
Env
. A
ccou
nts
Agr
i acc
ount
s
Ec
acco
unts
ESEA
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 14
Ten
nv.
Acc
ount
s
Agr
i acc
ount
s
Ec
acco
unts
Multi – facet crystal (model of society)
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 15
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 16
1: Society as a crystal
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 17
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 18
Environmental accounting
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 19
Origins (I)Origins (I)
National Accounts, Handbook SNA 1993
1970’ies: input-output calculations
1990’ies: NAMEAs
SEEA 2003
European Strategy on Environmental Accounting, ESEA
2003
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 20
OriginsOrigins (II)
What is the National Accounts ?
Much more than GDP aggregates:
– Describes all economic activities, monetary stocks and flows of “an
economy” (residential principle)
Data examples:
production, (intermediate) consumption value added, employment by
industry, government or households.
ESA95 Regulation Harmonised data from all Member States
Data examples:
production, (intermediate) consumption, value added, employment - by industry, government or households.
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 21
OriginsOrigins (III)
Other satellite accounts to the National Accounts
– Regional National Accounts
– Agricultural accounts in physical terms and monetary terms;
feeding directly into the National Accounts
– Social Accounts on e.g. health and education
– Tourism accounts
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 22
D-P-S- cause-effect chain(‘Statistisches Bundesamt’)
Driving forces Pressures State
Economicproduction and final useactivities
Physicalproductflows
Environ-mentalpressureflows
Change ofenviron-mentalassets(impacts)
Economic accounting (SNA)
Environmental-economic accounting (SEEA)
Environmental sciences
Aggregatedimpact indicator
Environmental sciencessocial valuejudgements
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 23
AdvantagesAdvantages
Link between environment and economy– Good complement to environment statistics– Disaggregating data by economic activities, including agriculture– National or regional level– Consistency with economic data
Tool for policy making and monitoring– Decoupling indicator– Sustainable production and consumption– Degradation of natural resources– Effects of economic policy measures (env. Expenditure)
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 24
EU Policy Background (I)
Commitment by Commission AND European Council in renewed Sustainable Development Strategy (June 2006):
“… avoid overexploitation of renewable resources, apply the concept of life-cycle thinking, break the link between economic growth and environmental degradation”
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 25
EU Policy Background (II)
Commitment by Commission AND European Council in renewed Sustainable Development Strategy (June 2006):
“… build on the EU Strategy on the sustainable use of natural resources”
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 26
EU Policy Background (III)
Commitment by Commission AND European Council in renewed Sustainable Development Strategy (June 2006):
”For better understanding of interlinkages between the three dimensions of SD, the core system of national income accounting could be extended by inter alia integrating stock and flow concepts and non-market work and be further elaborated by satellite accounts e.g. environmental expenditures, material flows and taking into consideration international best practices.”
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 27
Share of total energy taxes and share of final energy consumption for business sector and households, 2003
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
EU-15 BE DK DE ES NL SE UK BG NO
Taxes, business Consumption, business Taxes, households Consumption, households Taxes not classified
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 28
Modules of the Environmental Accounts:Air Emissions
EU-15 GHG emissions per economic activities in 2000
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
A-B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
NACE sections
GH
G (
mil
lio
n t
on
nes
CO
2)
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
GV
A (
bil
lio
n e
uro
)
GHG GVA
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 29
Material Flow Accounts (MFA): Domestic Material Consumption (DMC) and Material productivity / material use for EU-15 1970-2001
0
1.000.000
2.000.000
3.000.000
4.000.000
5.000.000
6.000.000
7.000.000
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
1000
to
nn
es
products from fossils
natural gas
crude oil
coal
ores
industrial minerals
construction minerals
non edible biomass
forestry
animals
feed
food
0
50
100
150
200
250
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
[197
0 =
100]
GDP
Population
DMC
DMC per capita
GDP per DMC
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 30
Material Flow Accounts (MFA):DMC composition per MS for 2001 DMC/capita and DMC/GDP for MS 1970:2000
DMC/cap
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
PT
GR
ES IT
GB
AT
NL
FR
EU
-15
BE
/LU IE DE
SE
DK FI
[to
nn
es/c
ap]
1970
2000
DMC/GDP
0
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
PT
GR
ES IT
GB
AT
NL
FR
EU
-15
BE
/LU IE DE
SE
DK FI
[kg
/€ c
p 1
995]
1970
2000
DMC/capita 2001
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
PT
GR
ES IT
GB
AT
NL
FR
EU
15
BE
/LU
IE
DE
SE
DK FI
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 31
Modules of the Environmental Accounts:Water Flow Accounts
UN handbook SEEAW 2007 - Physical Supply and Use Tables- Emission Accounts- Hybrid and Economic Accounts- Asset AccountExperimental: Quality Account, Valuation, Policy use
Joint EEA/Eurostat pilot project: the feasibility of SEEAW for EU. End date: first half of 2008
Challenge: to coordinate with WFD and WISE
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 32
Modules of the Environmental Accounts:Pilot study: Water Flow Accounts, Bulgaria
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
100
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
m3/
day/
per
capi
ta
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
BG
N/m
3 (in
cl.V
AT
)
Water used by households (l/day/per capita)
Price of drinking w ater (BGN/m3 incl.VAT)
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
%
Water supply Sew arage
Share of household expenditure on water services from household overall monetary expenditure
Water consumed by households and water prices
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 34
Modules of the Environmental Accounts:‘Integrated’ NAMEA (Example of Austria)
Eco-Taxes
50.0%
2.6%
1.1%
1.1%
0.3%
0.5%1.0%
0.9% 0.3%0.5%0.8%0.7%
1.0%
9.3%
0.3%
VALUE ADDED
0.9%
6.4%
3.4%
0.0%
0.4%
2.4%
1.0%1.8%
2.5%
0.4%2.4%
1.3%
1.2%2.3%
1.2%
62.2%
8.1%
2.1%
Basic Metals Coke, Refined Petroleum and Chemical ProductsNon-Ferrous Metals Other Non-Metallic Mineral ProductsMotorvehicles, Transport Equipment Machinery and EquipmentMining and Quarrying Food Products; Beverages and TobaccoPulp, Paper Products, Publishing and Printing Wood and Wood ProductsConstruction Textiles, Wearing Apparel and Leather ProductsOhter Manufacturing Domains Land TransportWater Transport Air TransportPrivate and Public Services Energy SupplyPrivate Households Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry
Material Consumption 5.0%
0.9%
9.9%
0.3%
17.0%
4.6%5.3%
0.1%
0.9%
1.7%
11.0%
13.8% 2.6%
7.7%0.0%
18.4% 0.8%
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 35
Data availability (I)
DataAvailable
Next data collected
Environmental economic accounts
Environmental tax revenues EU25: 1995-2004, 2005: 26 countries + Norway 2007
Environmental taxes by industries 10 countries:1995-2003, EU15 estimates 2007
Environmental expenditure 1995-2004 2008
Physical flow accounts
Air emission accounts 1990-2004. 2005 estimates for EU15, EU25, EU27
2008
Economy-wide material flow accounts EU-15: 1970-2001*, 2004* 2008
Asset accounts
Subsoil asset accounts 1980-2000* 2007
Forest accounts 1999* 2007
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 36
Data availability (II)
Project Available
Environmental economic accounts
Environmental Goods and Services Sector Compilation guide and standard tables for data collection are in preparation
2008
Physical flow accounts
Water flow accounts Pilot project on SEEAW for the EU using existing data 2008
Waste accounts Pilot project on waste NAMEAs for the EU using existing data
2008
Forthcoming accounts
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 37
Pilot studies
More than 120 pilot studies
Accounts for forests, land, water assets NAMEAs on air emissions, waste, water, energy MFA and PIOTs Environmental expenditure and taxes
Summary report available beginning of 2008
(NAMEA: National Accounts Matrix including Environmental Accounts, MFA: Material Flow Accounts, PIOT: Pysical input-output tables)
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 38
2221
9
13
17
24
12
9
13
1617
78
2
6
5
6
2
4
3
3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Ha
ve a
pro
gra
mm
eo
f E
A
En
viro
nm
en
tp
rote
ctio
ne
xpe
nd
iture
En
viro
nm
en
t in
du
stry
Ta
xes
Eco
no
my-
wid
eM
ate
ria
l Flo
wA
acc
ou
nts
Air
em
issi
on
s*
En
erg
y*
Wa
ter
flow
s*
Fo
rest
tim
be
r
Re
sea
rch
Mo
nito
rin
gp
erf
orm
an
ce
Po
licy
ass
ess
em
en
t
Pu
blic
aw
are
ne
ss
Compilation of environmental accounts Uses of environmental accounts
Number of countries
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 39
Cooperation
DG Environment European Commission
Member States – European Statistical System
European Environment Agency
OECD
UN / UNCEEA / London Group on Environment statistics
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 40
Environmental Accounts and Indicators
Decoupling indicators
Air emissions per economic activity (in complement to air emissions per UNFCCC sector)
Depletion/degradation of natural resources
Sustainable production and consumption
Effects of economic policy measures (Environmental Expenditure & Taxes)
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 41
Environmental Data Centres (EDC)
Eurostat responsible for EDCs on 1. Resources including indicators on MFA, on sustainable use of
Natural Resources 2. Products (Integrated Product policy) including data on Life-
Cycle-Analysis (LCA)3. Waste (Waste Statistics Regulation)
Other EDCs: Joint Research Centre : Soil, ForestryEuropean Environmental Agency : Air, Climate Change,
Water, Biodiv., Land Use
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 42
Outlook
New ESEA in 2008 UNSC standard on SEEA (2010?) Data Centres Consolidation of data coverage, harmonization Indicators based on Environmental Accounting Nowcasting Estimations
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 43
Environmental Accounts – A tool for policy monitoring
Analyses: Impact of measures International comparison:
of corresponding economic divisions Emission prognoses: according to economic prognoses
New Insights: calls for action
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 44
Globalisation
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 45
globalisation Environment
Economic growthShifts production / consumption
Different elements (water, resources, air)
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 46
TradeProduction/consumptionEnergy useTransport flows
Economic globalisation
Social globalisationTourismMigrationConsumption patterns
Environmental globalisation
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 47
Challenges for environmental statistics
Further develop integrated economic and environmental accounting
Raise awareness in other statistical domains on relations with environmental statistics
Use statistics already available in other domains Resources to be reserved for environmental statistics Respond on need for composite indicators Information on river and sub basin level
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 48
Strategies to meet these challenges
Emphasis on further develop Integrated Economic and Environmental accounting
Support and promote Environmental accounting
Strengthen cooperation between main European actors in Environment statistics (example Go4)
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 49
Conference
‘BEYOND GDP’
19 and 20 November 2007, Brussels
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 50
Integrated Economic and Environmental Accounting and Globalisation and the impact for Agriculture
Oktober 2007, ICAS IV: Beijing
Pieter Everaers: Eurostat
Thank you for your attention
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 51
Codes: 1 = data availability and use; 2 = implementation; 3 = inactivity
Member States
Air emissions
Water accounting
Economy-wide
material flow
Environmental protection
expenditure
Environmental taxes
Forest and land accounts
Subsoil asset
accountsBelgium 1 2 1 1 1 1 3Denmark 1 2 1 1 1 1 1Germany 1 1 1 1 1 1 3Greece 1 2 1 1 1 1 3Spain 2 2 3 1 1 2 3France 1 2 3 1 1 1 1Ireland 1 2 3 1 1 3 3Italy 1 2 1 1 1 2 2Luxembourg 2 3 3 1 1 3 3Netherlands 1 2 2 1 1 3 1Austria 1 2 1 1 1 1 1Portugal 2 3 2 1 1 3 3Finland 2 1 1 1 1 1 1Sweden 1 1 2 1 1 2 3United Kingdom 1 2 1 1 1 2 1Norway 1 1 2 1 1 2 1
Area of work
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 52
Output inspired harmonisationOne number policy
all statistical information on the webone number per issue
“Glueing Cubes”
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 53
Sources Xn
Statistics X
Sources Yn
Statistics Y
StatLineData and process
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 54
X Y
XY
Glueing cubes: using harmonised concepts
21-mars-07 NOM DE LA PRÉSENTATION 55
Y
AX
BZ
C
A
CB
X
Y
Z