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PSYCHOLOGICAL
DISORDERS
DR. ARRA
PSY 202
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Psychological Disorders
Psychopathology refers to patterns of
thought, feeling, or behavior that disrupt
a persons sense of well-being or socialor occupational functioning
What is normal???
DSM - IV
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Psychological Disorders
Identifying Abnormal Behavior
Statistical Infrequency
Disability or Dysfunction
Personal Distress
Violation of Societal Norms
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Psychological Disorders
Insanity legal term applied when people
cannot be held responsible for their
actions or allowed to manage their ownaffairs because of mental illness
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Psychological Disorders
THEORIES
Diathesis-stress model people with an
underlying predisposition (genetic) may becomesymptomatic under stressful circumstances
Systems approach attempt to explain a
persons behavior in the context of the social
group (family, couple, larger social system)
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Psychological Disorders
Family Systems Model suggests that
symptoms of an individual are really
symptoms of dysfunction in a family
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Psychological Disorders
DSM IV
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders-IV
Published by the American Psychiatric
Association
Basis for descriptive diagnosis
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Psychological Disorders
Axis I clinical disorders
Axis II personality disorders and MR
Axis III relevant medical conditions
Axis IV psychosocial and
environmental problems
Axis V Global assessment offunctioning
0-100
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Psychological Disorders
How diagnosis occurs
Differential Diagnosis
Exclusionary Model
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Psychological Disorders
What assessment tools/techniques are used?
Clinical Interviews
Observations Standardized Tests, Checklists, Questionnaires
Projectives/ Subjective Assessments
Medical history
School/Work history
Family history
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Psychological Disorders
SOME CLINICAL DISORDERS (Axis I)
ADHD
Schizophrenia
individuals loose touch with reality
+ symptoms = hallucinations, delusions
- symptoms = flat affect, poor socialskills
highly genetic brain disease
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Psychological Disorders
AXIS I
Dysthymic Disorder
Major Depression
Bipolar
Phobias
OCD
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Psychological Disorders
AXIS II
MR
Personality Disorders Chronic and severe disturbances that
inhibit the capacity to love and work
Enduring pattern of inner experience and
behavior that deviates markedly from theexpectations of the individuals culture; ispervasive and inflexible
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Psychological Disorders
Paranoid Personality Disorder: a pattern of
distrust and suspiciousness such that others
motives are interpreted as malevolent Schizoid Personality Disorder: a pattern of
detachment from social relationships and a
restricted range of emotional expression
Schizotypal Personality Disorder: a pattern of
acute discomfort in close relationships,
cognitive or perceptual distortions, and
eccentricities in behavior
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Psychological Disorders
Antisocial Personality Disorder: a patternof disregard for, and violation of, the
rights of others Borderline Personality Disorder: a
pattern of instability in interpersonalrelationships, self-image, affects, andmarked impulsivity
Histrionic Personality Disorder: a patternof excessive emotionality and attentionseeking
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Psychological Disorders
Narcissistic Personality Disorder: a pattern of
grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of
empathy
Avoidant Personality Disorder: a pattern of
social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and
hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
Dependent Personality Disorder: a pattern of
submissive and clinging behavior related to an
excessive need to be taken care of
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Psychological Disorders
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality
Disorder: a pattern of preoccupation with
orderliness, perfectionism, and control
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Psychological Disorders
Axis III General Medical Conditions
Axis IV Psychosocial and environmental
problems
Axis V - Global Assessment of Functioning
(GAF)
1-100
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Psychological Disorders
Dissociative Disorders
Characterized by disruptions in
consciousness, memory, sense ofidentity, or perception of the environment
DID
Dissociative Fugue
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Psychological Disorders
Eating Disorders
Anorexia Nervosa distorted body
image; efforts to lose weight that lead todangerously low body weight
Bulimia characterized by a binge-purge
syndrome
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Psychological Disorders
Disorders usually diagnosed in childhood
or adolescence
ADHD
ODD
CD
Anxiety Disorders