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PSYCHOLOGICAL

DISORDERS

DR. ARRA

PSY 202

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Psychological Disorders

Psychopathology refers to patterns of

thought, feeling, or behavior that disrupt

a persons sense of well-being or socialor occupational functioning

What is normal???

DSM - IV

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Identifying Abnormal Behavior

Statistical Infrequency

Disability or Dysfunction

Personal Distress

Violation of Societal Norms

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Insanity legal term applied when people

cannot be held responsible for their

actions or allowed to manage their ownaffairs because of mental illness

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THEORIES

Diathesis-stress model people with an

underlying predisposition (genetic) may becomesymptomatic under stressful circumstances

Systems approach attempt to explain a

persons behavior in the context of the social

group (family, couple, larger social system)

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Family Systems Model suggests that

symptoms of an individual are really

symptoms of dysfunction in a family

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DSM IV

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of

Mental Disorders-IV

Published by the American Psychiatric

Association

Basis for descriptive diagnosis

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Axis I clinical disorders

Axis II personality disorders and MR

Axis III relevant medical conditions

Axis IV psychosocial and

environmental problems

Axis V Global assessment offunctioning

0-100

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How diagnosis occurs

Differential Diagnosis

Exclusionary Model

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What assessment tools/techniques are used?

Clinical Interviews

Observations Standardized Tests, Checklists, Questionnaires

Projectives/ Subjective Assessments

Medical history

School/Work history

Family history

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SOME CLINICAL DISORDERS (Axis I)

ADHD

Schizophrenia

individuals loose touch with reality

+ symptoms = hallucinations, delusions

- symptoms = flat affect, poor socialskills

highly genetic brain disease

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AXIS I

Dysthymic Disorder

Major Depression

Bipolar

Phobias

OCD

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AXIS II

MR

Personality Disorders Chronic and severe disturbances that

inhibit the capacity to love and work

Enduring pattern of inner experience and

behavior that deviates markedly from theexpectations of the individuals culture; ispervasive and inflexible

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Paranoid Personality Disorder: a pattern of

distrust and suspiciousness such that others

motives are interpreted as malevolent Schizoid Personality Disorder: a pattern of

detachment from social relationships and a

restricted range of emotional expression

Schizotypal Personality Disorder: a pattern of

acute discomfort in close relationships,

cognitive or perceptual distortions, and

eccentricities in behavior

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Antisocial Personality Disorder: a patternof disregard for, and violation of, the

rights of others Borderline Personality Disorder: a

pattern of instability in interpersonalrelationships, self-image, affects, andmarked impulsivity

Histrionic Personality Disorder: a patternof excessive emotionality and attentionseeking

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Narcissistic Personality Disorder: a pattern of

grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of

empathy

Avoidant Personality Disorder: a pattern of

social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and

hypersensitivity to negative evaluation

Dependent Personality Disorder: a pattern of

submissive and clinging behavior related to an

excessive need to be taken care of

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Obsessive-Compulsive Personality

Disorder: a pattern of preoccupation with

orderliness, perfectionism, and control

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Axis III General Medical Conditions

Axis IV Psychosocial and environmental

problems

Axis V - Global Assessment of Functioning

(GAF)

1-100

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Dissociative Disorders

Characterized by disruptions in

consciousness, memory, sense ofidentity, or perception of the environment

DID

Dissociative Fugue

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Eating Disorders

Anorexia Nervosa distorted body

image; efforts to lose weight that lead todangerously low body weight

Bulimia characterized by a binge-purge

syndrome

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Disorders usually diagnosed in childhood

or adolescence

ADHD

ODD

CD

Anxiety Disorders

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