© 2014 Xtera Communications, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 1
Field Deployment of Advanced Photonic Technologies for Ultra-High Bit Rate and
Ultra-Long Reach Terrestrial WDM Transmission in Brazil
Bertrand Clesca, Philippe Perrier, Hervé Février, Do-Il Chang, Sergey Burtsev, Hector de Pedro, Wayne Pelouch
13 November 2014
Asia Communications and Photonics (ACP) Conference 2014 (Shanghai, China) – ATh4E.4
© 2014 Xtera Communications, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 2
Content
• Key Technologies for Terrestrial Backbone Networks
• 100G Optical Backbone Network on OPGW in the Amazon
• 100G Transmission over an ITU-T G.653 (DSF) Link
• Summary
© 2014 Xtera Communications, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 3
Key Technologies for Terrestrial Backbone Networks
© 2014 Xtera Communications, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 4
1. Ultra low-loss line fiber
2. Advanced modulation format, spectral shaping, Soft-Decision Forward Error Correction (SD-FEC), coherent detection
3. Optical Raman amplification in the line fiber
4. Remote Optically Pumped Amplifier (ROPA)
5. Power Management a. Pre-emphasis at the transmit end
b. Control of the relative power of the pumps sources
c. Control of the per channel optical power at Terminals and ROADM
6. Passive settings: Gain flattening filters (if/when needed)
Key Technologies for High Capacity on Ultra-Long Reach
© 2014 Xtera Communications, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 5
• PM-QPSK at 30 Gbaud (30 Gsymbols per second) opto-electronics and two multiplexing dimensions enables 100G net data rate per channel.
• Combined with powerful Digital Signal Processing (DSP) and Soft-Decision Forward Error Code (SD-FEC) at the receive end, 100G coherent technology offers excellent reach performances.
• Further incremental improvements: – Stronger SD-FEC code
– Spectral shaping
100G is the new 10G and is expected to have a long lifetime.
Technology Enabler # 1 100G Coherent Technology
(Gross data rate to account for overhead)
Polarization Multiplexing (PM)
Multi-level modulation format
30 Gbit/s 60 Gbit/s 120 Gbit/s
QPSK
© 2014 Xtera Communications, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 6
• Client interface – Muxponder: multi-rate XFP
– Transponder: multi-rate CFP
– Software provisional services
• Line side – Modulation format: PM-QPSK
– Bit rate: up to 120 Gbit/s
– Receiver technique:
coherent detection with
electronic compensation
• SD FEC (TPC), 15% OH,
11.6 dB gross coding gain at BER = 10-15
• SD-FEC threshold = 1.9 x 10-2, corresponding to Q-value of 6.4 dBQ
• OSNR tolerance: 12.1dB at FEC threshold
• Chromatic dispersion tolerance: > ±65,000 ps/nm
• DGD tolerance: up to 125 ps
Technology Enabler # 1 100G Coherent Technology (Cont’d)
© 2014 Xtera Communications, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 7
• Raman amplification is recognized by the industry as a key technology to efficiently support 100G and 100G+ in long-haul optical networking.
• Key benefits from Raman amplifiers for long-haul, high-capacity optical networking:
– Wider optical spectrum
High capacity with moderate spectral
efficiency (too high spectral efficiency
limits reach)
– Higher performance transmission
Better noise figure leads to
better Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio performance
Mitigation of nonlinearities for higher [Capacity x Reach] metric
Technology Enabler # 2 Raman Amplification
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
1515 1535 1555 1575 1595 1605
Po
we
r (d
Bm
)
1625
Wavelength (nm)
100 nm of continuous
optical bandwidth
in the field since 2004
© 2014 Xtera Communications, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 8
• Distributed Raman Amplification (DRA) widely used to bridge long spans
– Submarine unrepeatered systems
Technology Enabler # 2 Raman Amplification (Cont’d)
Line fiber
WDM
Pump Source(s)
Distributed Raman Amplification
EDFA
lp
ls
Gain from forward distributed Raman amplification
Gain from backward distributed Raman
amplification
Fiber attenuation
ls
© 2014 Xtera Communications, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 9
• ROPA is a passive optical sub-system inserted in the optical cable in order to further extend the length of the span
Technology Enabler # 3 Remote Optically Pumped Amplifier (ROPA)
Gain from ROPA
ROPA
Forward Raman pumping
Backward Raman
pumping
Direction of transmission
Gain from forward distributed Raman amplification
Gain from backward distributed Raman
amplification Fiber attenuation
© 2014 Xtera Communications, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 10
• Unrepeatered single-span transmission demonstrations – 150 x 100G on 390 km of SMF-28® ULL fiber
– 1 x 100G on 520 km of SMF-28® ULL fiber
– 4 x 100G on 523 km of Vascade® EX2000 fiber
– 1 x 100G on 557 km of Vascade® EX2000 fiber
– 150 x 100G on 410 km Vascade® EX2000 fiber
• Multi-span field trials with Verizon – Trials on 1,504 km of aged G.652 fiber with commercial equipment
– Transmission of:
1. 150 x 100G
2. 4 x 100G “Super Channel”
3. 400G (Dual-carrier PM-16QAM)
– Given the level of margin measured in
the field, the following are feasible
• 150/240 x 100G on 4,500+ km
• 50/80 x 400G “Super channels”
on 3,000+ km
• 100/160 x 400G (DC PM-16QAM)
on 1,500+ km 64T on 1,500+ km!
Recent Transmission Demonstrations by Xtera
© 2014 Xtera Communications, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 11
Applying These Key Technologies In the Field
100G Optical Backbone Network on OPGW in the Amazon
© 2014 Xtera Communications, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 12
TIM Brasil AMAZONAS Project
1,161 km link
2,266 km network (1,835 km OPGW cable
Infrastructure)
Manaus Gopa
Macapá
Belem
Jurupari Fortaleza
Salvador
• G.652 / G.653 • Aerial / mixed • Spans up to 278 km • 65% > 100 km • 25% > 200 km
Tucuruí
© 2014 Xtera Communications, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 13
Towers across the
Amazon river (2.5 km) are 295 m high, almost as tall as the Eiffel Tower!
OPGW Cable and Crossing of the Amazon River
+
Picture from TIM Brasil
© 2014 Xtera Communications, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 14
Ultra-Long Spans in 2,266 km Amazon Network (Highest Span Loss: 63 dB)
ROADM
43 km 13.9 dB
237 km 53.8 dB
278 km 63.1 dB
ILA ILA ROADM
142 km 34.6 dB
ILA
138 km 33.1 dB
235 km 53.5 dB
ILA Villa
Camburão
ROADM
183 km 46.1 dB
141 km 33.9 dB
157 km 37.2 dB
ILA ILA ILA
91 km 23.8 dB
ILA
229 km 52.8 dB
ROADM
239 km 54.2 dB
110 km 27.2 dB
ROADM
ILA ILA
43 km 13.9 dB
Manaus TIM
Terra Santa Manaus Rod Lexuga
Silves Oriximiná
Macapá TIM
Jurupari
Macapá Sub Laranjal do Jari
Gopa Xingu Tucuruí Pacaja Vitória do Xingu
EDFA Backward span extension module
Forward span extension module
Remote Optically Pumped Amplifier (ROPA)
• Capacity: 40 x 100G
© 2014 Xtera Communications, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 15
• 1,073 km link made of 6 spans
• 956 km of OPGW cable.
• Span lengths ranging from 43 to 278 km
• Span attenuations (at end of life) ranging from 13.9 to 63.1 dB
Manaus – Jurupari Section
ROADM
Jurupari
235 km 53.5 dB
ILA
Villa Camburão
138 km 33.1 dB
ILA
Oriximiná
142 km 34.6 dB
ILA
Terra Santa
278 km 63.1 dB
ROADM
237 km 53.8 dB
ILA
Manaus Rod Lexuga
ROADM
Manaus TIM
43 km 13.9 dB
Silves
EDFA Backward span extension module
Forward span extension module
G.652 fiber span
ROPA
© 2014 Xtera Communications, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 16
ROPA Assembly in Splice Box
ROPA tray
© 2014 Xtera Communications, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 17
Example of ROPA Installation on Transmission Tower
Splice box
© 2014 Xtera Communications, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 18
Manaus – Jurupari Section 40 x 100G EOL Simulation Results (1)
1565.50 nm 1533.47 nm
Optical frequency (THz)
191.5 192.0 192.5 193.0 193.5 194.0 196.0 194.5 195.0 195.5 0
5
10
15
20
25
Q facto
r befo
re S
D-F
EC
(dB
)
OS
NR
(dB
/ 0
.1nm
)
0
5
10
15
20
25
© 2014 Xtera Communications, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 19
• Evolution of the OSNR along Jurupari – Manaus TIM route for the worst channel
Manaus – Jurupari Section 40 x 100G EOL Simulation Results (2)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
OS
NR
(dB
/ 0
.1nm
) 35
Villa Camburão
Manaus TIM
Terra Santa
Manaus Rod
Lexuga
Silves Oriximiná Jurupari
© 2014 Xtera Communications, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 20
Fortaleza – Salvador Link (1,161km) 100G Transmission over DSF fiber
ROADM
10 km 6.8 dB
76 km 24.0 dB
128 km 37.3 dB
ILA ROADM ILA
128 km 36.3 dB
ILA
107 km 30.1 dB
BIU BRES ICO FLA-CEN FLA-BST
ROADM
87 km 26.4 dB
132 km 34.3 dB
62 km 18.5 dB
ILA ILA ROADM
138 km 37.0 dB
ILA
PAF Nova Petrolina
CDT
MGS BONM
84 km 25.2 dB
ILA
125 km 32.4 dB
70 km 22.0 dB
15 km 8.0 dB
ROADM ILA ROADM
SDR ESU SDR ABS ONN CAU
Core amplifier
Backward span extension module
Forward span extension module
G.653 fiber span
G.652 fiber span
© 2014 Xtera Communications, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 21
Fortaleza – Nova Petrolina Section (668 km) 40 x 100G EOL Simulation Results (1)
1565.50 nm 1533.47 nm
Optical frequency (THz)
191.5 192.0 192.5 193.0 193.5 194.0 196.0 194.5 195.0 195.5 0
5
10
15
20
25
Q facto
r befo
re S
D-F
EC
(dB
)
OS
NR
(dB
/ 0
.1nm
)
0
5
10
15
20
25
196.5
Sp
ectr
um
use
d fo
r
10
G tra
nsm
issio
n
© 2014 Xtera Communications, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 22
• Evolution of the OSNR along Fortaleza – NPTR route for the worst channel
Fortaleza – Nova Petrolina Section (668 km) 40 x 100G EOL Simulation Results (2)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
OS
NR
(dB
/ 0
.1nm
) 35
FLA- BTS
NPTR BIU MGS ICO BRES Fortaleza FLA-CEN
BONM
© 2014 Xtera Communications, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 23
The combination of Raman amplification, 100G coherent, and ROPA technologies were instrumental in bridging long spans with high attenuation in multi-span links while providing high-capacity.
Manaus – GOPA
• 2,266 km (1,835 km on OPGW)
• Challenging link with very long spans between intermediate sites
– 11 out of 14 spans >100 km
– 5 out of 14 spans >200 km
– New sites not an option
Fortaleza – Salvador
• 1,161 km (1,136 km on DSF)
• Challenging link for high-capacity
– 6 out of 13 spans >100 km
– Raman amplification minimizes
impact of nonlinearities over DSF
Summary
Span length
(km
)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0
40
80
120
160
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Span length
(km
)
Maximizing Network Capacity, Reach and Value Over land, under sea, worldwide
© 2014 Xtera Communications, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 24