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Identification TB-008December 2010
Replaces : None
Activated carbon filter
Classification Document type: Guideline
Hierarchical level: Core Document
Confidentiality: Yellow Class
Copri!"t The content of this document is a trade secret. It may not be reproduced distributed or disclosed tothird parties !ithout proper authorisation. "ll ri#hts belon# to $estl% &aters '.T. (21)0 Issy*+es*'oulineau, -rance.
$estl% &aters '.T.
Aut"or#s$ /TC &ater * n#ineerin# roup 3. Davy
Approver#s$ /TC &ater * n#ineerin# roup 4. 4aby
Table of contents
%arnin!: this document provides an overvie! of the activated carbon filtertechnolo#y. -or any ne! !ater treatment processes or any modification ofe,istin# !ater treatment processes please contact the /TC &ater * n#ineerin#roup.
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Introduction
&cope This document refers to the !ater treatment process 5and the associatede6uipment5 that use filtration andor adsorption on activated carbon:
"ctivatedcarbon
'aterial manufactured from carbon.
-iltration /hysical separation process to remove elements from !ater.
"dsorption/roperty of some materials more or less reversibly fi,in#ions or molecules on their surfaces.
&aterIn product !ater: !ater that !ill be bottled or used to preparea bevera#e 5immediately after or after further treatment.
'urpose oft"isdocument
This document !ill provide you !ith:
definitions and basic concepts lin7ed to activated carbon filter8
the principles of activated carbon filtration and the main components of
activated carbon unit8
#eneral #uidelines for activated carbon filter8
information on potential ha9ards and ho! to prevent them8
reference documents that demonstrate the properties of activated carbon
filtration.
$ote: this document has not to be used for purc"asin!purposes. In such acase please refer to &ater Resources Technical 4tandards.
Tar!etaudience
This document is addressed to corporate 9one mar7et and factory:
&ater Resources 'ana#ers8
&ater Resources Champions8
&ater Treatment 4pecialists and Hydro#eolo#ists
uality "ssurance roup 'T.
N% (eferencedocuments
Water Resources Technical Standards - Process (WRTS_P_011) Naturalorganic matter removalWater Resources Technical Standards - Process (WRTS_P_020) olatileorganic com!ounds removal
It should be hi#hli#hted that for the three follo!in# applications ;ammonia ironand man#anese removal< activated carbon is not the preferable choice.Water Resources Technical Standards - Process (WRTS_P_001) "mmoniaremovalWater Resources Technical Standards - Process (WRTS_P_00#) $ronremovalWater Resources Technical Standards - Process (WRTS_P_00%) &anganeseremoval
T=*00> December 2010 /TC &ater * n#ineerin# roup
$estl% &aters '.T. 'ay not be divul#ed to third parties !ithout proper authorisation
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Concepts and Definitions
Activated Carbon Definition and )anufacturin!
Activated
carbon
"ctivated carbon also called activated charcoal or activated coal is a #eneral
term !hich covers carbon material mostly derived from charcoal."ctivated carbon is a microporous form of carbon manufactured from peat!ood li#nite coal or coconutshell. "ctivation is achieved !ith steam or via achemical process.
Activation "ctivated carbon is #enerally produced in t!o different processes:
/hysical activation:
It is #enerally done by usin# a combination of the follo!in# processes:1. 'aroniation*a process !here material !ith carbon content is
pyrolysed at temperatures in the ran#e of ?00*(00@C in the absence of
air ;usually in inert atmosphere !ith #ases li7e nitro#en or ar#on21
Components of Activated Carbon *ilters
)aincompone
nts
"n activated carbon filter is composed of the main follo!in# parts:
Inlet
water
2utlet
water
=ed filter
pressure vessel
$o99les
"ctivated
carbon
4terile air for
bac7!ash
Repartition
plate
=ac7!ashin#
!ater inlet
=ac7!ashin#
!ater outlet
"ir release
;vent valve December 2010 /TC &ater * n#ineerin# roup
$estl% &aters '.T. 'ay not be divul#ed to third parties !ithout proper authorisation
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Components of Activated Carbon *ilters Continued
Bed filter 3detailed
view
-our different areas can be distin#uished in the activated carbon pressurevessel as described belo!:
Inlet !ater
Mutlet !ater
"ctivated
carbon
"ir release
No))les
Total
Hei#htNseful
Hei#ht
Head
space
"ctivated
carbon layer
F =ed
volume
Re!artition !lateInlet !ater
Mutlet !ater
"ctivated
carbon
"ir release
No))les
Total
Hei#htNseful
Hei#ht
Head
space
"ctivated
carbon layer
F =ed
volume
Re!artition !late
'art *unctionTotal hei#ht Hei#ht from the bottom to the top of the vessel.
Nseful hei#ht Hei#ht from the floor ;plate e6uipped !ith no99les< to therepartition plate.
Head space Hei#ht from the top of the activated carbon layer to therepartition plate. This free space allo!s bed e,tensiondurin# bac7!ashin# !ith minimum head losses.
"ctivated carbonlayer or bedvolume
Hei#ht of the activated carbon layer from the floor ;platee6uipped !ith no99les December 2010 /TC &ater * n#ineerin# roup
$estl% &aters '.T. 'ay not be divul#ed to third parties !ithout proper authorisation
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Guidelines
Tec"nical Guidelines
Guidelines "n activated carbon unit should comply !ith the follo!in# set of #uidelines:
'ain si9in# data for the activated carbon filter Recommended components.
)ain si+in!data 3Activatedcarbon filter
The activated carbon filter is a bed filter pressure vessel e6uipped !ith no99leson the floor and !ith all the devices re6uired for bac7!ashin# and disinfection.
"ccordin# to the !ater treatment application the flo! rate and the technicalconstraints on site one filter or t!o filters in series or parallel can beimplemented.
-or !ater treatment applications the follo!in# si9in# data are usually applied:
'arameters Guideline values
-iltration rate ;mh< A *1A
mpty =ed Contact Time ;min December 2010 /TC &ater * n#ineerin# roup
$estl% &aters '.T. 'ay not be divul#ed to third parties !ithout proper authorisation
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Good 2perational 'ractices Continued
Activated carbon filter loadin! procedure ;continued December 2010 /TC &ater * n#ineerin# roup
$estl% &aters '.T. 'ay not be divul#ed to third parties !ithout proper authorisation
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Trouble-s"ootin!
Trouble-s"ootin!
The main trouble*shootin#s that can affect the process are listed belo!:
'articles of ACatt"eoutlet oft"efilterdurin! t"eadso
rptionccle
/ossible causes "ctions
=ac7!ash is too stron#andor the final rinse at theend of a bac7!ash is tooshort
Mne;or several