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Mobile communications and Fading (EC 60054)Spring 2008-09
Dept. of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering
IIT Kharagpur
Dr. Suvra Sekhar Das
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Lecture 0 on and 1
Dr. Suvra Sekhar Das
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Lecture 0 on 31/12/2008
Broad Coverage Area of the course
Expectation from the course
Pre-requisites if any
Administrative information
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Contents
Introduction & Historical Review Uses of Mobile Radio Different Services
Cellular Systems & Frequency Reuse, Capacity, Path Loss, Wireless Link
Multi-path fading and fading channels, Diversity Techniques,Equalization, Analog and digital Modulation techniques for mobile radio
Cellular Networks, signalling and control, connection to fixed networks,
Mobile Radio Transmitters , Rx and link design,
Multiple access methods, Systems eg. GSM, Is 95, 3G Cellular,
Details of GSM
+ 4G ++ RRM, Radio Network Planning, MAC & Link control mechanisms,
+++ Radio Access Technologies, WCDMA, OFDM(A), SC-FDMA, AirInterfaces in 3G, UWB, MIMO concepts
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Schedule
1 2 3 4 5
7:30-8:25 8:30-9:25 9:30-10:25 10:30-11:25 11:30-12:25
W
E
D
C2 C3
F1 R E1
T
H
U
D4 F2
C4 M B4
F
R
I
G3 E3
E4 O F4
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Teaching Assistants
A Venkata Keerthana
07EC6414
097324426401
Vikas Agarwal
07EC6417
09734404986
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected] -
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Lecture 1, on 1/12/2008
Contents Course Contents & syllabus
Need for wireless communications
Key factors Driving Wireless
History of Cellular Telephony
Recent and Future Trends, Applications driving Wireless
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Need to be wireless.where wire-line is limited
Human Connectivity ? Remote control of instruments
Defense Forces
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Need to be wireless.where wire-line is limited
Emergency
Rural
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Need to be wireless.where wire-line is limited
Always Connected
Anytime, Anywhere, Anything
[internet resources, comcast]
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Key factors Driving Wireless
MOBILITY INFRASTRUCTURE SUPPORT
COST of new deployment in sparsely populated areas
Challenge1
Minimize Power requirement , Maximize Coverage
Good system design
Good transmission technology and link budget Good Receiver algorithm design
equalization, synchronization, decoding
Good Receiver and Transmitter implementation
VLSI, CMOS technology Mobility support
Handover
Roaming
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Introduction
Further uses of mobile radio: look up text books
A brief history of wireless evolution
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Wireless Era
Pioneer Era 1860 - 1921
Precellular Era 1921 - 1980
Cellular Era 1980 - 2010+
1860
1921
1980Ref: Prasad Lecture Notes
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Pioneer Era
1860
1921
1980
Pioneer EraPioneer Era
1860s Maxwell develops fundamental laws of electromagnetics
1880s Heinrich Hertz proves existence of EM waves
1890s Nicola Tesla demonstrates radio telegraphy
1890s Alexander Popov builds first radio receiver
1890s Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose rings a bell remotely
Early1900s Gugliemo Marconi - First Transatlantic radio
communication
1912 Sinking of the Titanic highlights the importance of
wireless communications on the seaways. In thefollowing years marine radio is established.
Ref: Prasad Lecture Notes
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Pre-Cellular Era
1921
1980
PrePre--Cellular EraCellular Era
1921 Detroit police department conducts field tests with
mobile radio
1933 In the United States, four channels in the 30-40MHz
range
1938 In the United States, ruled for regular services
1940 Wireless communications is stimulated by World War
II
1948 First commercial fully automated mobile telephone
system is deployed in Richmond, United States
1948 Claude Shannon publishes two benchmark papers on
Information Theory, containing the basis for data
compression (source encoding) and error detection
and correction (channel encoding)
1950s Microwave telephone and communication links are
developped
1960s Introduction of trunked radio systems with automatic
channel allocation capabilities in the United States
1970s Commercial mobile telephone system operated in
many countries (e.g. 100 million moving vehicles on
US highways, B-Netz in (West-) Germany.
1860
Ref: Prasad Lecture Notes
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Cellular Era
1980
1921
Cellular EraCellular Era
1980s Deployment of analogue cellular systems
1990s Digital cellular deployment and dual
mode operation of digital systems
2000s Future Public Land Mobile
Telecommunication Systems (FPLMTS) /
International Mobile Telecommunciations
2000 (IMT-2000) / Universal MobileTelecommunication Systems (UMTS)
deployed with multimedia services
2010s Wireless broadband communications willbe available with B-OFDM and All IP
2010s + Radio over fibre (such as fibre-optic
microcells)
1860
Ref: Prasad Lecture Notes
C S
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Recent and Future Wireless Communications SystemsRecent and Future Wireless Communications Systems
A li i T h l i
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Applications --Technologies
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Mobile Communications Roadmap
Mobility
High
Speed
LowSpeed
4 G4 G
802.11b
CDMA200
0 EV-D
O/DV
W-CDMA/HSDP
A
2.4 GHzWLAN
802.11
a/g
CDMA/G
SM/TDM
A
WPANHigh speed
WLAN
Medium
Speed
WiBro
802.16e
Wi-Max5 GHz
WLAN
Bluetoot h
RFIDZigBeeMANet
1995 2000 2005
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Family Tree of Wireless Systems
1990
1980
2000
1995
1997
2010+
Bluetooth
WPAN
PN &
PN Federation
2.4 GHzWLAN
High speedWLAN WiBro
802.16e
WiMAX
1G
2G
3G
4G/ IMT-A
Ref: Prasad lecture notes
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Time Required for New Technology Development and Deployment
Set goal Set requirements
Spectrum
allocation
Standardization + enhancement
Implementation
Deployment
10 years
Set goal Set requirements
Spectrum
allocation
Standardization + enhancement
Implementation
Deployment
10 years
Ref: Prasad lecture notes
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Multiple Convergence Concept
Global Interactive
communication system(4G)
Global Interactive
communication system(4G)
Global Interactive
communication system(4G)
Global interactive
communication system(4G)
Cellular-based
systems, such as 2G,3G, and beyond 3G
WLANs, such asIEEE 802.11a,HIPERLAN 2, and
MMAC
FWA and wiredcommunications
Personalization,context, location,
presence, security,and identity
PANs and BANs
Satellites andbroadcasting
HAPS
Global Interactive
communication system(4G)
Global Interactive
communication system(4G)
Global Interactive
communication system(4G)
Global interactive
communication system(4G)
Cellular-based
systems, such as 2G,3G, and beyond 3G
WLANs, such asIEEE 802.11a,HIPERLAN 2, and
MMAC
FWA and wiredcommunications
Personalization,context, location,
presence, security,and identity
PANs and BANs
Satellites andbroadcasting
HAPS
Ref: Prasad lecture notes
Histor of cell lar telephon
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1970s/1980s 1982/1992 1992/2001 ./2007,2012, 2017
History of cellular telephony
Ref: Channelization, Link Adaptation and Multi-antenna Techniques for OFDM(A) BasedWireless Systems: Muhammad Imadur Rahman
.It is dangerous to put limits on wireless data rates..
History of cellular telephony
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1970s/1980s 1982/1992 1992/2001 ./2007,2012, 2017
History of cellular telephony
Ref: NEC slides at nmsa 08
History of Networks
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History of Networks
1830's Gauss and Weber develop a small scale telegraph system (tele=distant,
graph=writing) in Gottingen
1840 Samuel Morse patents the practical telegraph
1844 Morse sets up 40-mile telegraph line between Washington, DC, and Baltimore
1876 Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas A. Watson demonstrate and patent the
telephone (tele=distant, phone=voice). 1950's Late in the decade, several "push-to-talk" mobile systems established in big
cities for CB-radio, taxis, police, etc.
1950's Late in the decade, the first paging access control equipment (PACE) pagingsystems established
1950's Late in the decade, AT&T introduced a 300-bps modem (Bell 103) and 1200-bpsmodem (Bell 202) using frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulation
1960's Early in the decade, the Improved Mobile Telephone System (IMTS) developedwith simultaneous transmit & receive, more channels, and greater power
1960's Early in the decade, AT&T introduced a 2400-bps modem (Bell 201)using 4-phase phase-shift keying (PSK) modulation
1962 The first communication satellite, Telstar, launched into orbit
1964 The International telephone numbering plan defined in ITU-T's recommendation
E.163 which has governed the country codes, area codes, and local numberingsystem
http://williamstallings.com/Extras/Telecom.html
History of Networks
http://williamstallings.com/Extras/Telecom.htmlhttp://williamstallings.com/Extras/Telecom.html -
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History of Networks
1968 The CCITT (Now ITU-T) standards organization publishes first "Group 1"
standards for facsimile machines 1968 DARPA selected BBN to develop the ARPANET, the father of the modern
Internet
1960's Late in the decade, modems appear at 4800 bps using 8-phase PSK and at9600 bps using quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) with a 16-point constellation
1970 First low-loss optical fiber announced having an attenuation of 20 dB/km 1970's Packet switching emerges as an efficient means of data communications, with
the X.25 standard emerging late in the decade
1976 Ethernet invented by Robert Metcalf, leading to 1-Mbps to 10-Mbps Ethernetlocal area networks (LANs) based on the IEEE 802.3 standard
1977 The Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS), invented by Bell Labs, firstinstalled in the US with geographic regions divided into "cells" (i.e., cellulartelephone)
1978 The L5E-carrier system installed to support 132,000 telephone using frequencydivision multiplexing over 10 pairs of coax cables
1983 January 1, TCP/IP selected as the official protocol for the ARPANET, leading torapid growth
ISDN, SONET, LAN, ATM,
LEO Satellite Systems
1993 Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) established for reliable transmission over theinternet in conjunction with the Transport Control Protocol (TCP)
ADSL .http://williamstallings.com/Extras/Telecom.html
http://williamstallings.com/Extras/Telecom.htmlhttp://williamstallings.com/Extras/Telecom.html