1_mobilecommunicationandfadinglect0_1

8/8/2019 1_MobileCommunicationAndFadingLect0_1

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Mobile communications and Fading (EC 60054)Spring 2008-09

Dept. of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering

IIT Kharagpur

Dr. Suvra Sekhar Das

[email protected]


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Lecture 0 on and 1

Dr. Suvra Sekhar Das

[email protected]


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Lecture 0 on 31/12/2008

Broad Coverage Area of the course

Expectation from the course

Pre-requisites if any

Administrative information


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Contents

Introduction & Historical Review Uses of Mobile Radio Different Services

Cellular Systems & Frequency Reuse, Capacity, Path Loss, Wireless Link

Multi-path fading and fading channels, Diversity Techniques,Equalization, Analog and digital Modulation techniques for mobile radio

Cellular Networks, signalling and control, connection to fixed networks,

Mobile Radio Transmitters , Rx and link design,

Multiple access methods, Systems eg. GSM, Is 95, 3G Cellular,

Details of GSM

+ 4G ++ RRM, Radio Network Planning, MAC & Link control mechanisms,

+++ Radio Access Technologies, WCDMA, OFDM(A), SC-FDMA, AirInterfaces in 3G, UWB, MIMO concepts


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Schedule

1 2 3 4 5

7:30-8:25 8:30-9:25 9:30-10:25 10:30-11:25 11:30-12:25

W

E

D

C2 C3

F1 R E1

T

H

U

D4 F2

C4 M B4

F

R

I

G3 E3

E4 O F4


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Teaching Assistants

A Venkata Keerthana

07EC6414

[email protected]

097324426401

Vikas Agarwal

07EC6417

[email protected]

09734404986
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Lecture 1, on 1/12/2008

Contents Course Contents & syllabus

Need for wireless communications

Key factors Driving Wireless

History of Cellular Telephony

Recent and Future Trends, Applications driving Wireless


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Need to be wireless.where wire-line is limited

Human Connectivity ? Remote control of instruments

Defense Forces


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Emergency

Rural


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Always Connected

Anytime, Anywhere, Anything

[internet resources, comcast]


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Key factors Driving Wireless

MOBILITY INFRASTRUCTURE SUPPORT

COST of new deployment in sparsely populated areas

Challenge1

Minimize Power requirement , Maximize Coverage

Good system design

Good transmission technology and link budget Good Receiver algorithm design

equalization, synchronization, decoding

Good Receiver and Transmitter implementation

VLSI, CMOS technology Mobility support

Handover

Roaming


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Introduction

Further uses of mobile radio: look up text books

A brief history of wireless evolution


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Wireless Era

Pioneer Era 1860 - 1921

Precellular Era 1921 - 1980

Cellular Era 1980 - 2010+

1860

1921

1980Ref: Prasad Lecture Notes


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Pioneer Era

1860

1921

1980

Pioneer EraPioneer Era

1860s Maxwell develops fundamental laws of electromagnetics

1880s Heinrich Hertz proves existence of EM waves

1890s Nicola Tesla demonstrates radio telegraphy

1890s Alexander Popov builds first radio receiver

1890s Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose rings a bell remotely

Early1900s Gugliemo Marconi - First Transatlantic radio

communication

1912 Sinking of the Titanic highlights the importance of

wireless communications on the seaways. In thefollowing years marine radio is established.

Ref: Prasad Lecture Notes


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Pre-Cellular Era

1921

1980

PrePre--Cellular EraCellular Era

1921 Detroit police department conducts field tests with

mobile radio

1933 In the United States, four channels in the 30-40MHz

range

1938 In the United States, ruled for regular services

1940 Wireless communications is stimulated by World War

II

1948 First commercial fully automated mobile telephone

system is deployed in Richmond, United States

1948 Claude Shannon publishes two benchmark papers on

Information Theory, containing the basis for data

compression (source encoding) and error detection

and correction (channel encoding)

1950s Microwave telephone and communication links are

developped

1960s Introduction of trunked radio systems with automatic

channel allocation capabilities in the United States

1970s Commercial mobile telephone system operated in

many countries (e.g. 100 million moving vehicles on

US highways, B-Netz in (West-) Germany.

1860



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Cellular Era

1980

1921

Cellular EraCellular Era

1980s Deployment of analogue cellular systems

1990s Digital cellular deployment and dual

mode operation of digital systems

2000s Future Public Land Mobile

Telecommunication Systems (FPLMTS) /

International Mobile Telecommunciations

2000 (IMT-2000) / Universal MobileTelecommunication Systems (UMTS)

deployed with multimedia services

2010s Wireless broadband communications willbe available with B-OFDM and All IP

2010s + Radio over fibre (such as fibre-optic

microcells)

1860


C S


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Recent and Future Wireless Communications SystemsRecent and Future Wireless Communications Systems

A li i T h l i


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Applications --Technologies


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Mobile Communications Roadmap

Mobility

High

Speed

LowSpeed

4 G4 G

802.11b

CDMA200

0 EV-D

O/DV

W-CDMA/HSDP

A

2.4 GHzWLAN

802.11

a/g

CDMA/G

SM/TDM

A

WPANHigh speed

WLAN

Medium

Speed

WiBro

802.16e

Wi-Max5 GHz

WLAN

Bluetoot h

RFIDZigBeeMANet

1995 2000 2005


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Family Tree of Wireless Systems

1990

1980

2000

1995

1997

2010+

Bluetooth

WPAN

PN &

PN Federation

2.4 GHzWLAN

High speedWLAN WiBro

802.16e

WiMAX

1G

2G

3G

4G/ IMT-A

Ref: Prasad lecture notes


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Time Required for New Technology Development and Deployment

Set goal Set requirements

Spectrum

allocation

Standardization + enhancement

Implementation

Deployment

10 years

Set goal Set requirements

Spectrum

allocation

Standardization + enhancement

Implementation

Deployment

10 years



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Multiple Convergence Concept

Global Interactive

communication system(4G)

Global Interactive


Global Interactive


Global interactive


Cellular-based

systems, such as 2G,3G, and beyond 3G

WLANs, such asIEEE 802.11a,HIPERLAN 2, and

MMAC

FWA and wiredcommunications

Personalization,context, location,

presence, security,and identity

PANs and BANs

Satellites andbroadcasting

HAPS

Global Interactive


Global Interactive


Global Interactive


Global interactive


Cellular-based

systems, such as 2G,3G, and beyond 3G

WLANs, such asIEEE 802.11a,HIPERLAN 2, and

MMAC

FWA and wiredcommunications

Personalization,context, location,

presence, security,and identity

PANs and BANs

Satellites andbroadcasting

HAPS


Histor of cell lar telephon


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1970s/1980s 1982/1992 1992/2001 ./2007,2012, 2017

History of cellular telephony

Ref: Channelization, Link Adaptation and Multi-antenna Techniques for OFDM(A) BasedWireless Systems: Muhammad Imadur Rahman

.It is dangerous to put limits on wireless data rates..



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1970s/1980s 1982/1992 1992/2001 ./2007,2012, 2017


Ref: NEC slides at nmsa 08

History of Networks


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History of Networks

1830's Gauss and Weber develop a small scale telegraph system (tele=distant,

graph=writing) in Gottingen

1840 Samuel Morse patents the practical telegraph

1844 Morse sets up 40-mile telegraph line between Washington, DC, and Baltimore

1876 Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas A. Watson demonstrate and patent the

telephone (tele=distant, phone=voice). 1950's Late in the decade, several "push-to-talk" mobile systems established in big

cities for CB-radio, taxis, police, etc.

1950's Late in the decade, the first paging access control equipment (PACE) pagingsystems established

1950's Late in the decade, AT&T introduced a 300-bps modem (Bell 103) and 1200-bpsmodem (Bell 202) using frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulation

1960's Early in the decade, the Improved Mobile Telephone System (IMTS) developedwith simultaneous transmit & receive, more channels, and greater power

1960's Early in the decade, AT&T introduced a 2400-bps modem (Bell 201)using 4-phase phase-shift keying (PSK) modulation

1962 The first communication satellite, Telstar, launched into orbit

1964 The International telephone numbering plan defined in ITU-T's recommendation

E.163 which has governed the country codes, area codes, and local numberingsystem

http://williamstallings.com/Extras/Telecom.html

History of Networks
http://williamstallings.com/Extras/Telecom.htmlhttp://williamstallings.com/Extras/Telecom.html


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History of Networks

1968 The CCITT (Now ITU-T) standards organization publishes first "Group 1"

standards for facsimile machines 1968 DARPA selected BBN to develop the ARPANET, the father of the modern

Internet

1960's Late in the decade, modems appear at 4800 bps using 8-phase PSK and at9600 bps using quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) with a 16-point constellation

1970 First low-loss optical fiber announced having an attenuation of 20 dB/km 1970's Packet switching emerges as an efficient means of data communications, with

the X.25 standard emerging late in the decade

1976 Ethernet invented by Robert Metcalf, leading to 1-Mbps to 10-Mbps Ethernetlocal area networks (LANs) based on the IEEE 802.3 standard

1977 The Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS), invented by Bell Labs, firstinstalled in the US with geographic regions divided into "cells" (i.e., cellulartelephone)

1978 The L5E-carrier system installed to support 132,000 telephone using frequencydivision multiplexing over 10 pairs of coax cables

1983 January 1, TCP/IP selected as the official protocol for the ARPANET, leading torapid growth

ISDN, SONET, LAN, ATM,

LEO Satellite Systems

1993 Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) established for reliable transmission over theinternet in conjunction with the Transport Control Protocol (TCP)

ADSL .http://williamstallings.com/Extras/Telecom.html
http://williamstallings.com/Extras/Telecom.htmlhttp://williamstallings.com/Extras/Telecom.html

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