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Lecture :33-39
Polymers
Prepared By
Mr. Harminder Singh
Department of Chemistry
Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
E-mail: [email protected]
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Polymers
You may think of polymers as being a relatively
modern invention however naturally occurring
polymers have been used for thousands of years
wood, rubber, cotton, wool, leather, silk,.. etc
Artificial polymers are, indeed, relatively
recent and mostly date from after WWII
in many cases, the artificial material is both
better and cheaper than the natural alternative
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A polymer is a large molecule made by linking together
repeating units of small molecules called monomers
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PolymerizationAddition Polymerization
Condensation Polymerization
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Occurs in the presence of a Lewis acid
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Properties and uses
Good fibre-forming material and is converted intocommercial fibres.
Such fibres have high stretch resistance, high creaseand wrinkle resistance.
Highly resistant to mineral and organic acid, but is lessresistant to alkalies.
Used for making synthetic fibres like terylene, dacronetc.
For blending with wool to provise better crease andwrinkle resistance.
A glass reinforcing material in safety helmets, aircraftbattery boxes, etc.
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in an organic solvent like heptane29Preapred by: Mr. Harminder Singh
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A typical Ziegler-Natta catalyst is acombination of TiCl4 and (CH3CH2)2AlCl, orTiCl3 and (CH3CH2)3Al.
Many Ziegler-Natta catalyst combinationsinclude a metallocene.
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Al(CH2CH3)3 + TiCl4 ClAl(CH2CH3)2
+
CH3CH2TiCl3
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H2C CH2
Al(CH2CH3)3 + TiCl4 ClAl(CH2CH3)2
+
CH3CH2TiCl3
CH3CH2TiCl3 +
CH3CH2TiCl3
H2C CH2
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CH3CH2TiCl3
H2C CH234Preapred by: Mr. Harminder Singh
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CH3CH2TiCl3
H2C CH2
TiCl3
CH3CH2CH2CH2
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H2C CH2
TiCl3
CH3CH2CH2CH2
TiCl3
CH3CH2CH2CH2
H2C CH2
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TiCl3
CH3CH2CH2CH2
H2C CH2
TiCl3
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2
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TiCl3
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2
H2C CH2
etc.