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Lecture :33-39

Polymers

Prepared By

Mr. Harminder Singh

Department of Chemistry

Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.

E-mail: harminder.singh@lpu.co.in

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Polymers

You may think of polymers as being a relatively

modern invention however naturally occurring

polymers have been used for thousands of years

wood, rubber, cotton, wool, leather, silk,.. etc

Artificial polymers are, indeed, relatively

recent and mostly date from after WWII

in many cases, the artificial material is both

better and cheaper than the natural alternative

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A polymer is a large molecule made by linking together

repeating units of small molecules called monomers

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PolymerizationAddition Polymerization

Condensation Polymerization

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Occurs in the presence of a Lewis acid

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Properties and uses

Good fibre-forming material and is converted intocommercial fibres.

Such fibres have high stretch resistance, high creaseand wrinkle resistance.

Highly resistant to mineral and organic acid, but is lessresistant to alkalies.

Used for making synthetic fibres like terylene, dacronetc.

For blending with wool to provise better crease andwrinkle resistance.

A glass reinforcing material in safety helmets, aircraftbattery boxes, etc.

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in an organic solvent like heptane29Preapred by: Mr. Harminder Singh

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A typical Ziegler-Natta catalyst is acombination of TiCl4 and (CH3CH2)2AlCl, orTiCl3 and (CH3CH2)3Al.

Many Ziegler-Natta catalyst combinationsinclude a metallocene.

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Al(CH2CH3)3 + TiCl4 ClAl(CH2CH3)2

+

CH3CH2TiCl3

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H2C CH2

Al(CH2CH3)3 + TiCl4 ClAl(CH2CH3)2

+

CH3CH2TiCl3

CH3CH2TiCl3 +

CH3CH2TiCl3

H2C CH2

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CH3CH2TiCl3

H2C CH234Preapred by: Mr. Harminder Singh

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CH3CH2TiCl3

H2C CH2

TiCl3

CH3CH2CH2CH2

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H2C CH2

TiCl3

CH3CH2CH2CH2

TiCl3

CH3CH2CH2CH2

H2C CH2

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TiCl3

CH3CH2CH2CH2

H2C CH2

TiCl3

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2

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TiCl3

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2

H2C CH2

etc.