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Vibration Analysis
A completeTreatise
gVibration Busters Pvt. Ltd
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The Goal of the programme
Vibration Made Easy
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Learning Objectives
Understand Vibration BasicsAn Overview of Vibration Instrumentation
Sensors
What level is an acceptable vibration level? What Causes Vibration A systematic
approach to problem solving
Understanding symptoms and use ofoverall level vibration Often overlooked
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Learning objectives
Vibration
Time Wave form and Signatureanalysis
Digital Signal Processing Using various
parameters for data collection. Phase analysis
Natural Frequency testing
Runup/Rundown plots
Interpretation
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Learning Objectives
Using software for creation of
measurements, Routes.
Data collection and downloading into
software
Using software for generation of reports,
analysis of data.
Understanding orbits
Balancing in single plane and two plane
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Topics for the current session
Evolution of Predictive Maintenance and conditionmonitoring What is current ?
Vibration Based condition monitoring
Basics of Vibration
Characteristics of Vibration Significance of amplitude parameters
Special amplitude parameters
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Evolution of Predictive Maintenance
19401950
1960
1990
2000
Break downTime based
Predictive
Proactive
Integrated approach
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Maintenance Philosophy
Breakdown Maintenance
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Maintenance Philosophy
Time Based or Preventive Maintenance
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Maintenance Philosophy
Predictive Maintenance
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Reliability Centered Maintenance
Encompasses all the types of maintenancephilosophy
The key issue is the reliability of theequipment
Focus on Root cause failure
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Predictive Maintenance
Four stepsDetection
Analys is
Correct ion
Verif icat ion
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The 4 Stages of an Effective PMP Detection - Trending vibration levels and spectral
contents in order to detect and quantify any changes fromnormal
Analysis - When significant change is detected, vibrationanalysis pinpoints the source / nature of a problem
Correction -Advanced warning through detection andanalysis enables corrective actions to be prepared and
implemented
Verification - New readings ensure that ALL defectswere eliminated / corrected, and also establish new baseline
characteristics
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Condition Monitoring
Condition Monitoring implies assessing thehealth of machine by trending known
engineering parameters against standard
limits toDetect, Analyse and Correct
Before
Fai lure Occurs
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What are the parameters
Noise Temperature
Pressure
Condition of Oil
Vibration
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Vibration A predominant CBM tool
All rotating machines vibrate
Problems developing in a machine is
accompanied by increase in the vibrationlevels
Each problem has unique Vibrationcharacteristic
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What is Vibration?
The cyclic or pulsating motion of a machineor machine component from its point of rest
Any motion that repeats itself after an
interval of time
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Vibration Represents...
A MEASUREABLE SYMPTOM of a
problem
A destructive mechanism promoting fatigue,stress or wear
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What Causes Vibration ?
Forces that change in direction with time(e.g. Rotating Unbalance)
Forces that change in amplitude or intensity
with time (e.g. Motor Problems)
Frictional Forces (e.g. Rotor Rub)
Forces that cause impacts (e.g. Bearing
Defects)
Randomly generated forces (e.g. Turbulence)
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Amplitude Response
Amplitude Response = Dynamic ForceDynamic Resistance
More force yields more vibration
More resistance means less vibration
Stiffness
Mass
Damping
Dynamic
Resistance
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Characteristics of Vibration
The machine vibration uniquecharacteristics will be determined by the
nature of the developing fault
The worst problem usually dominates thevibration characteristics, but symptoms of
more than one problem can be present at
the same time
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Vibration Measurements
Frequency -
Amplitude -
Phase -
CPM or RPM Hertz or CPS
Orders (X RPM)
Displacement Velocity
Acceleration
(Spike Energy, HFD,
Shock Pulse, etc.)
Relative Motion
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Amplitude Measurement
DISPLACEMENT Total Movement(Mils or Microns)
VELOCITY Speed
(in/sec or mm/sec)ACCELERATION Change in Speed
(g)
SPECIAL PARAMETERS
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Vibration Displacementmils or microns Peak-to-Peak (P-P)
Displacement A measure of the total travel (Peak to Peak, or P-P)
English Units are in mils (0.001 inch)
Metric Units are usually in microns (0.001 Millimeters)