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Vibration Analysis

A completeTreatise

gVibration Busters Pvt. Ltd


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The Goal of the programme

Vibration Made Easy


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Learning Objectives

Understand Vibration BasicsAn Overview of Vibration Instrumentation

Sensors

What level is an acceptable vibration level? What Causes Vibration A systematic

approach to problem solving

Understanding symptoms and use ofoverall level vibration Often overlooked


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Learning objectives

Vibration

Time Wave form and Signatureanalysis

Digital Signal Processing Using various

parameters for data collection. Phase analysis

Natural Frequency testing

Runup/Rundown plots

Interpretation


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Learning Objectives

Using software for creation of

measurements, Routes.

Data collection and downloading into

software

Using software for generation of reports,

analysis of data.

Understanding orbits

Balancing in single plane and two plane


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Topics for the current session

Evolution of Predictive Maintenance and conditionmonitoring What is current ?

Vibration Based condition monitoring

Basics of Vibration

Characteristics of Vibration Significance of amplitude parameters

Special amplitude parameters


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Evolution of Predictive Maintenance

19401950

1960

1990

2000

Break downTime based

Predictive

Proactive

Integrated approach


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Maintenance Philosophy

Breakdown Maintenance


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Time Based or Preventive Maintenance


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Predictive Maintenance


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Reliability Centered Maintenance

Encompasses all the types of maintenancephilosophy

The key issue is the reliability of theequipment

Focus on Root cause failure


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Predictive Maintenance

Four stepsDetection

Analys is

Correct ion

Verif icat ion


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The 4 Stages of an Effective PMP Detection - Trending vibration levels and spectral

contents in order to detect and quantify any changes fromnormal

Analysis - When significant change is detected, vibrationanalysis pinpoints the source / nature of a problem

Correction -Advanced warning through detection andanalysis enables corrective actions to be prepared and

implemented

Verification - New readings ensure that ALL defectswere eliminated / corrected, and also establish new baseline

characteristics


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Condition Monitoring

Condition Monitoring implies assessing thehealth of machine by trending known

engineering parameters against standard

limits toDetect, Analyse and Correct

Before

Fai lure Occurs


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What are the parameters

Noise Temperature

Pressure

Condition of Oil

Vibration


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Vibration A predominant CBM tool

All rotating machines vibrate

Problems developing in a machine is

accompanied by increase in the vibrationlevels

Each problem has unique Vibrationcharacteristic


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What is Vibration?

The cyclic or pulsating motion of a machineor machine component from its point of rest

Any motion that repeats itself after an

interval of time


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Vibration Represents...

A MEASUREABLE SYMPTOM of a

problem

A destructive mechanism promoting fatigue,stress or wear


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What Causes Vibration ?

Forces that change in direction with time(e.g. Rotating Unbalance)

Forces that change in amplitude or intensity

with time (e.g. Motor Problems)

Frictional Forces (e.g. Rotor Rub)

Forces that cause impacts (e.g. Bearing

Defects)

Randomly generated forces (e.g. Turbulence)


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Amplitude Response

Amplitude Response = Dynamic ForceDynamic Resistance

More force yields more vibration

More resistance means less vibration

Stiffness

Mass

Damping

Dynamic

Resistance


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Characteristics of Vibration

The machine vibration uniquecharacteristics will be determined by the

nature of the developing fault

The worst problem usually dominates thevibration characteristics, but symptoms of

more than one problem can be present at

the same time


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Vibration Measurements

Frequency -

Amplitude -

Phase -

CPM or RPM Hertz or CPS

Orders (X RPM)

Displacement Velocity

Acceleration

(Spike Energy, HFD,

Shock Pulse, etc.)

Relative Motion


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Amplitude Measurement

DISPLACEMENT Total Movement(Mils or Microns)

VELOCITY Speed

(in/sec or mm/sec)ACCELERATION Change in Speed

(g)

SPECIAL PARAMETERS


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Vibration Displacementmils or microns Peak-to-Peak (P-P)

Displacement A measure of the total travel (Peak to Peak, or P-P)

English Units are in mils (0.001 inch)

Metric Units are usually in microns (0.001 Millimeters)

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