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1.13.3 Size of settlements:Comparison of the existing population and the carrying capacity of some settlements around
Thimphu show that they are yet to reach their carrying capacity as mentioned in Thimphu
structure plan.H
ence this should be taken into consideration to redistribute the population ona regional level.
Table 1.1 : Showing Dzongkhag wise population and carrying capacity
S.NO District Total
Carrying
Capacity
Present
Population
% Urban
Carrying
Capacity
Present Urban
Population
1 Thimphu 153597 92062 60 107809 82322
2 Paro 48982 26777 55 18,531 2932
3 Punakha 33749 15868 47 19,678 2292
4 Wangdue 127553 15558 12 40781 6714
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1.13.4 Migration:Availability of education facilities, employment opportunities and family shift are the major
reasons for high migration towards Thimphu. This adds to rise of population and pressure on
existing infrastructure in Thimphu valley. It is beneficiary to locate these facilities in the
nearby areas to disperse concentration of population.
Table 1.2 : Showing Zone wise population and carrying capacity
All
regions
Western Central
Western
Central
Eastern
Eastern
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The data related to inter-regional migration clearly indicates that the main contribution to theexisting concentration of population in the western region is the migration from all the other
three regions.Table 1.3 : Showing In-migration and out-migration in all regions
Dzongkhag Total Population In-migration Out-migration Net-migration
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As mentioned in national Urbanisation Strategy report, Thimphu Dzongkhag ranks as thehighest attractor of migrant population. There is sufficient positive migration in nearby
Dzongkhags which might attract more population in future and thus intervention is required
at regional level.
1.13.5 Relocation of activities:Administrative offices and tertiary sector activities are located in Thimphu which forces
migration in these areas. Distribution of administrative centres in the region can be an
effective tool for population distribution.
1.13.6 Uneven development:Terrain constraints, Land availability, concentration in few urban pockets and absence of
regional development plan results in ad-hoc decisions to handle critical issues.
1.13.7 Dependency on adjoining areas:Thimphu is not self-dependent for its urban activities and services; its relation withneighbouring urban areas and rural centres has to be analysed for its future growth.
y It is dependent on Paro Dzongkhag for airport, agriculture, agro based raw materialsand tourist spots.
y Punakha Dzongkhag serves as cultural and religious centre with Punakha Dzong beingthe summer capital.
y Wangdi being the centre for agricultural and livestock related activities.y The trade route (National Highway 1) starting from Phuentsholing crosses through
Chukka and goes along Punakha marks the dependency of Thimphu for trade,movement of public and freight on the region.
y Maximum industries are located in and around Thimphu but they are dependent onParo and Punakha for the raw matterials.
1.13.8 Environmental impacts of rising urbanization:More than 40 % of the population lives in two main cities of Thimphu and Phuentsholing,
this has led to environmental issues, water shortage, air and water pollution, municipal waste
generation, congestion of traffic and land degradation.
Analysis of all the above factors indicates the necessity of a national capital region. Any
national capital city dependence on its region is a natural phenomenon and redistribution of
activities within the region will help in development. The inter dependency in the region is
inevitable which has to be dealt on a regional scale. A region needs to be identified to
decongest Thimphu city, strengthen the regional linkages and promote balanced
development.