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Common Rxn TypesCommon Rxn Types• Double Displacement Precipitation Rxns
• Acid-Base Rxns
• Oxidation-Reduction Rxns (Redox)– Combustion
– Single Displacement
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Double Displacement Rxns The solubility rules are also used to predict whether
or not a double displacement rxn occurs. Double displacement rxns are also called double
replacement or metathesis rxns. In these rxns, the “cations” of the 2 reactants swap
places. The general form is:
Do you see how the cations swapped places?
AX + BY → AY + BX
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Double Displacement Rxns The rxn occurs between 2 ionic compounds in
aqueous solution OR between a strong acid and an ionic compound.
If the rxn is between 2 ionic compounds it is called a double displacement precipitation (ppt) rxn as a ppt is formed. (What a mouthful!)
AX + BY → AY + BXHX + BY → HY + BX
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Double Displacement Rxns For a double displacement ppt rxn to occur between
2 aqueous ionic compounds, a ppt MUST be formed.
What does this mean?
Since the rxn is conducted in water, 1 of the products
MUST be insoluble in water!
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Double Displacement Rxns Here’s an example:
A silver nitrate sln is mixed with a sodium chloride sln. Does this rxn occur, and if so, write the balanced equation.
Here’s another example:
A barium nitrate sln is mixed with a sodium phosphate sln.
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Double Displacement Rxns Your Turn: For the following, write the names of
the possible products, determine whether the rxn occurs, and if it does, write the balanced equation.
1. A sodium chromate sln is mixed with a potassium hydroxide sln.
2. An aluminum nitrate sln is mixed with potassium carbonate.
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Acids & Bases• You’ve learned a very simple definition of acids and
bases.
– Acids produce H+ in water
– Bases produce OH- in water
• You’ve learned the 7 strong acids.
• You’ve learned that the soluble hydroxide salts are
strong bases.
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Acids & Bases• There are also polyprotic acids like sulfuric acid.
• Sulfuric acid can lose both protons, and it does so in
two steps.
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Acid-Base Rxns There are two types of Acid-Base Rxns:
Acid-Base Neutralization Rxns
Acid-Base Gas Evolution Rxns
Both of these rxns are actually a type of Double Displacement Rxns (“cations” swap places)
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Acid-Base Neutralization RxnsAcid-Base Neutralization Rxns
• Acids and bases react with each other in what is called a neutralization rxn.
• They react to form an ionic salt and possibly water or a weak electrolyte.
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Acid-Base Neutralization RxnsAcid-Base Neutralization Rxns
• It was called a neutralization rxn as the classic strong acid/strong hydroxide base rxn resulted in the formation of an ionic salt and water with a pH of 7:
HA(aq) + BOH(aq) → BA(aq) + H2O(l)
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Acid-Base Neutralization RxnsAcid-Base Neutralization Rxns
• Neutralization rxns occur even without strong acids or bases.
• The pH is usually NOT 7 at the end of the rxn.
• Note how the charges change as the acid loses a proton and the base picks it up.
• Group 1 and 2 ionic salts are bases except when bonded to Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3
-, SO42-, ClO4
-, and ClO3-.
HA(aq) + B(aq) → A -(aq) + HB+(aq)
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• This is a type of acid-base rxn where a gas is formed:
Acid-Base Gas Evolution RxnsAcid-Base Gas Evolution Rxns
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Neutralization and TitrationNeutralization and Titration
• Acid-Base Neutralization rxns are often carried out through titrations
• This is a lab technique using burets.• The volume of base required to neutralize a
known volume of acid (or vice versa) is accurately measured in a titration.
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Neutralization and TitrationNeutralization and Titration
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Neutralization and TitrationNeutralization and Titration
• But the math behind a titration is just solution stoichiometry!
• 25.00 mL of an unknown sln of sulfuric acid is completely titrated (in other words, both acidic H’s are stripped from the acid) with 27.64 mL of a 0.502 M sln of sodium hydroxide. What is the molarity of the sulfuric acid sln?
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Neutralization and TitrationNeutralization and Titration
How do you do this?
1) Write balanced equation for the reaction.
2) Do the stoichiometry, using the mol ratios.
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Neutralization and TitrationNeutralization and Titration
• Problem: 10.00 mL of acetic acid is titrated with 12.05 mL of a 0.333M sln of sodium hydroxide. What is the molarity of the acetic acid sln?