HAP 4.4 Basic Training SeminarHAP 4.4 Basic Training Seminar
Introductions
Your name and company name
How many years in the HVAC business?
What is your level of experience with thissoftware?
HAP 4.4 Basic Training Seminar
CARRIER’S E20-II DESIGN SOFTWARES
Block Load Program
Refrigerant Piping Program
Chilled Water Piping Program
Duct Design Program
Hourly Analysis Program
WHAT IS HAP?
HAP is a computer tool which assistsengineers in designing HVAC System,for commercial Buildings.
First, it is a tool for estimating loadsand designing systems.
Second, it is a tool for simulatingenergy use and calculating energycosts.
Summary reports can be used tocompare building design alternatives
TWO OPERATING MODES IN HAP
SystemDesignMode
TWO OPERATING MODES IN HAP
EnablingEnergyAnalysisOption
TWO OPERATING MODES IN HAP
EnergyAnalysisMode
HAP SYSTEM DESIGN LOAD FEATURES
Easy to use load calculation.
System-based design (sizingbased on equipment type.
Based on ASHRAE TransferFunction Method for loadcalculation
Calculate design cooling andheating loads for spaces, zonesand coils in the HVAC System.
Determines required airflow ratesfor spaces zones and system.
Size chillers and boilers.
HAP SYSTEM DESIGN LOAD FEATURES
HAP ENERGY ANALYSIS FEATURES
Uses detailed 8,760 hour-by-hourenergy simulation technique forenergy analysis.
Exceeds to minimum requirementsfor the energy cost budgetcompliance path for ASHRAEStandard 90.1
Models different types of electricand fuel rates.
Simulate hour-by-hour operationof all HVAC systems in thebuilding.
Simulate hour-by-hour operationof all plant equipment in thebuilding.
Simulate hour-by-hour operationof non-HVAC systems, forexample lighting and appliances.
Calculate total annual energy useand energy cost.
HAP ENERGY ANALYSIS FEATURES
HAP ENERGY ANALYSIS FEATURES
Generate tabular and graphicalenergy reports of hourly, daily,monthly and annual data.
Estimates the total emission ofCO2, SO2 and NOX due to theconsumption of energy andfuel.
0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 4:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00
HOURLY ANALYSIS PROGRAM
PROJECT MODELING
• ProjectModeling
• Building BlockApproach
BUILDING
PLANT EQUIPMENT
AIR SYSTEMS
ZONES
SPACES
ELEMENTS
Energy Simulation Only
ELEMENTS
The Smallest Segment of the Load
People, Lights, Other Watts, Walls,Roofs, Floors, Etc.
Internal Load Elements Can BeScheduled
Proper ASHRAE TFM Equationsare Applied to each Element
SPACES
Smallest Area of the Building ThatYou Can Input
Allows Collection of Thermal LoadsFrom the Elements
Can be One Room, or a Series ofRooms Depending on Your Goal
May or May NOT Have a Thermostat
ZONES
Group of One or More SpacesSharing One Thermostat
Single Zone Constant Volume(SZCV) Systems - Direct Control ofCompression
Multiple Zone Systems Sub-ZoneControl Example: VAV Box Damper
AIR SYSTEMS
Equipment and Controls ThatProvide Conditioning to aRegion of a Building
Can Serve Up To 100 Zones
Most Typically Represents anAir Handling System,Packages Rooftop Units orSplit systems
Effect of Control System isConsidered
PLANTS
Equipment & Controls ProvidingCooling and/or Heating to Coils inone or more air systems
Examples: Chiller Plants, Hot WaterBoiler Plants and Steam BoilerPlants
User Models “Generic” or Specific“User-defined “
Can Serve Up To 250 Air Handlers
BUILDINGS
A Sum of all HVAC and Non-HVACSystems to Estimate OperatingCosts
Utility Rate Structures Applied
Miscellaneous Building EnergyConsumption
Energy Reports in Dollars
DATA LIMITS FOR ENTITIES
UnlimitedSchedules10.
External Shading Geometries
Doors
Windows
Roofs
Walls
Plants
Systems
Zones Per Air System
Spaces
Data Entity
Unlimited9.
Unlimited8.
Unlimited7.
Unlimited6.
Unlimited5.
1004.
1003.
2502.
1,2001.
Limit Per ProjectSl. #
WORK STRATEGY TO USE HAP
Define the Scope and Objectives ofthe design analysis
Gather data about the building,weather and the equipment
Enter the data into HAP
• Create Project
• Define Weather Data
• Enter Construction Materials
• Enter Schedules
• Enter Space Data
Enter Air System Data
Enter Plant Data
Use HAP to generate systemand plant design
Select equipment from E-CAT.
WORK STRATEGY TO USE HAP
Enter Utility Rate Data
Enter Building Data
Generate Simulation Report
Evaluate Results
WORK STRATEGY TO USE HAP
For performing Energy Analysis:
HOURLY ANALYSIS PROGRAM
System Requirements
System Requirements (Minimum):
• Microsoft Windows 95, 98, NT (Service Pack 4or later), ME, 2000 or XP.
• 80486 Or Higher Microprocessor
• 25 to 30 Megabytes Space on Hard Drive.
• VGA with at least 800 x 600 resolution and 256colors.
• At least 128 MB of RAM.
• A Mouse
• CD-ROM Drive
• Creates E20-IIFolder andSubfolders
– Archives
– Enviro
– HAP 4.4
– Code
– Project
– Temp
– Weather
Installation & Data Management
STARTING HAP 4.40
Windows Start BarWindows Start Bar
ProgramsPrograms
Carrier ECarrier E--cat and E20cat and E20--II ProgramsII Programs
Hourly Analysis ProgramHourly Analysis Program
SPLASH SCREEN
OK
PROGRAM SCREEN
• Auto Prompt toOpen ExistingProject (Listed inSelection Window)
MAIN PROGRAM WINDOW
Title bar
Menu bar Bubble Bar
Status bar
Explorer Grid
Details Grid
PROJECTS
A “Project” contains data relatedto a specific job.
Create a separate project foreach job.
Save a project either in thedefault folder: E20-II\Projects\ProjectName orSpecify a folder yourself.
Projects can be archived to ahard disk, to a zip drive or floppydisks for safekeeping.
• Project Template
– Save Project As
• Name New Project
• Create New Folder
– Note Drive andPath determinedby user
EmbeddedPath
Save a Project
Data Management
• Archive/Retrieve orConvert
Archive/ Retrieve a Project
PROGRAM DEMO
HAPHAP
How toArchive aProject
• Converting Previous HAPversion Project Data
• HAP Data Source
– Archive
– Active
• Active
– Choose Project from list
Live Demo
Convert a Project
• Importing HAP Data
– Project
– Import Data
– Select project toimport from
– Select ALL items toimport
– Click on ImportButton
– Confirm import
Import Project Data
• ImportgbXML
Import gbXML Data
Data Management
• Archive/Retrieve orConvert
• Import Features
• Publish, e-Mail andExport
• Project Properties
• Project Path
Publish, E-mail & Export
• Create EquipmentTags
• e-Mail Project toCarrier SalesEngineer
• Select ventilationstandard
Publish, E-mail & Export
• Create EquipmentTags
• e-Mail Project toCarrier SalesEngineer
• Select ventilationstandard
Project Ventilation Standard
Data Management
• Archive/Retrieve orConvert
• Import Features
• Publish, e-Mail andExport
• Project Properties
• Project Path
Project Properties
• Project list shows project nameand folder location.
• Sort alphabetically ascending ordescending on either the projectname or the project folder
• New “Find” button
– Used to find and add projectsthat don’t currently appear inyour projects list
• Access project data across thenetwork and/or data recoverysituations.
Project Path
• How “Lost” or“Disconnected” projectscan be reconnected tothe project list
• If project was deleted butis still on the list, use theRemove button toremove the project fromyour list.
• If a project was renamed,moved or remapped,then you can press theFind button to search forit.
Find a Project
• On the Find Project dialog pressthe Help button for an overview ofthe dialog features
• The Change button changes thesearch path from the default pathD:\E20-II\Projects to differentdrives or paths specified.
• Permits sharing of projects whenusers are running standalonecopies of the program. If a projectis saved to a folder on a sharednetwork drive. User can use the“Find” feature to locate the projectand add it to his project list.
Find a Project
• The Carrier software has the followingcapabilities in a network environment.
The software is network aware.
It permits sharing of data among users.
It permits sharing of programs among users.
It permits sharing of printers among users.
It is not client/server software.
It does not permit concurrent access to data.
Net work Installation
Installing the Software
On Windows 32 or 64 Bit OS
• Log in as the Network Administrator.
Stand Alone: Install to Local Drive
Network Install: any Network Drive
When Prompted:
• Enter Company Name ChooseOperating Mode
• Assign Read, Write, Create andDestroy Privileges
Installation & Data Management
Stand Alone
HAP Installed on Local Drive
Project Data May Be Stored On LocalDrive Or The Network, But Only theCreating User Can Access It.
User May Share With Others ViaArchive/Retrieve
Read, Write, Create & Destroy PrivilegesRequired To Create, Delete, orModify Projects If They Are NotStored On Local Drive
Installation & Data Management
Network, All Data Shared
Access To Any Project From AnyTerminal With HAP Installed
Projects May Be Stored On Any DriveDesired
Read, Write, Create & DestroyPrivileges Required To Create,Delete, or Modify Projects
Projects Protected From SimultaneousAccess By Users
Installation & Data Management
HELP
Help can be accessed in 2 ways:
• By pressing F1 Key or • Through HAP’s Help Menu
USING THE HELP SYSTEM IN HAP
Accessing Help
• The on-line helpsystem for HAP canbe launchedwithout runningHAP.
• Help sub-groupappears beneaththe “Carrier E-CATand E20-IIPrograms” group.
COMPARISON BETWEEN HAP & BLOCKLOAD
Not AvailableAvailableEconomizer
Not AvailableAvailableReheat
Not AvailableAvailableHeat Reclaim
Not AvailableAvailableHumidification
Air system Components8
50250No. of air Systems that can be Entered7
1501200No. of Zones/Spaces that can be entered6
Not AvailableAvailableOption of space5
Not AvailableAvailableSizing of Chiller/Boiler4
Not AvailableAvailableAll Types of Systems e.g., AHU, FCU, VAV,VVT, FPB in Specific
3
Not AvailableAvailableSchedule for People, equipment, TStats, etc.2
SameASHRAE TransferFunction
Load Estimating Method1
Blockload V. 4.1HAP V. 4.40FeaturesSl. #
HOURLY ANALYSIS PROGRAM
WEATHER DATA
DESIGNWEATHERDATA
LOADESTIMATING
SIMULATIONWEATHERDATA
ENERGYESTIMATING
DESIGN WEATHER DATA
24-hour profile of Design Weather for ALL12 months; DB, WB, and Solar
Data is used to estimate design coolingloads using ASHRAE Transfer FunctionMethodology
Source: 2001 ASHRAE Handbook ofFundamentals
ASHRAE Winter Design DB, Coincident WBat 50 % RH are used for design heatingloads, facilitating Humidification calculations
600+ Cities Globally (On HAP CD)
WEATHER DATA SETUP
Design Parameters
• Middle East, Saudi Arabia, Riyadh
Accept ASHRAE Defaults
• GMT -3 Hr., No Daylight Savings
Design Temperature
• Monthly Max/Min (Use Program Defaults)
• Hourly Details (Use Program Defaults)
Design Solar
• Design Daily Max. Solar Heat Gains (UseDefaults)
WEATHER SETUP MENU
Region
Location
City
Use program Defaults
Select
Region,
Location
and City for
the project.
WEATHER SETUP MENU
Based onASHRAE
Can beUserDefined
HourlyDetailedView
Can beUserDefined
Design Temperatures
WEATHER SETUP MENU
Design solar – Design Day Maximum Solar Heat Gains
Adjustable Multiplierseach Month
• Design Data
• System Sizing
– Coils
– Fans
– Boxes
• Energy SimulationUses These Sizes
• Hot Day for EachMonth
• Peak CoolingNeeds
• Cooling is a TimeDependantCalculation
• Heating sizingBased onTemperature
WEATHER SETUP DATA
InputDemo
HOURLY ANALYSIS PROGRAM
Wall, Roof and Windows Data
Modeling the Building Envelope
Walls, Roofs,Door and Windows
Stored in Libraries
HAP PROJECT LIBRARIES
Project Libraries
Walls, Roofs,Windows, Doorsand ExternalShading
CommonConstructionTypes Editable ByUser
Custom TransferFunction coefficientCalculator
Enter Wall/Roof Data
Single UI for Defining Walls &
Roofs
Total “R” and Overall “U” Values
Displayed on Input Screens
Utilize up to 10 Layers per
Assembly to Create Necessary
Transfer Function Coefficients
Allows for Much More Massive
and Complex Wall and Roof
Constructions
Windows & Glazing Types
ENTER WINDOWS & DOORS
WINDOWS AND DOORS Calculation EnhancementsBased on ASHRAEprocedures
Store Unlimited Window TypesPer Project
Single UI with Two Levels ofDetail
Doors are now a LibraryComponent
Shading Geometry is nowa Library Component
ENTER WINDOWS & DOORS
SHADING – INTERNAL & EXTERNAL
The Effects of Shading on Solar
Loads and Peak Times
Internal Shading Effects
External Shading Geometry
SHADING – INTERNAL
INTERNAL SHADING
Affects Solar Radiation in Two Ways
• Reduces Overall Transmission ofSolar into Building (Reflects BackOut of Window) ReducingOverall Shade Coefficient
• Changes Rate of ConversionFrom Heat Gain to Cooling Load(Storage Effect of the Mass).
SHADING – INTERNAL
INTERNAL SHADING
Solar Heat is Released Over Time to RoomAir and Becomes Cooling Load. The ShadingDevice Absorbs Solar Heat Transmittedthrough Glass. Shading Device is LessMassive than Walls, Floor Etc., Causing SolarHeat to be Converted to Load Much Fasterthan if Solar Heat Was Absorbed By Floor.
The First Effect Reduces the Total Solar Heat.
The Second Effect Speeds Up the Conversionof Solar Heat Gain to Cooling Load
InternalShade canbe definedwhendefining thewindows
SHADING – INTERNAL
External Shades
EXTERNAL SHADE - OVERHANGS
• Overhang Height– Vertical distance between top
of window opening & bottomof overhang
– Zero for Conference Room
• Overhang Extension– Distance from wall to outer
extension of overhang
– Zero for Conference Room
EXTERNAL SHADE - FINS
• Fin Separation
– Assumes fins on both sides ofwindow
– Distance between windowopening & fin
– Zero for Conference Room
• Fin Extension– Distance from the wall to the to
the outer edge of the fin
– Zero for Conference Room
SHADING – EXTERNAL
EXTERNAL SHADING
Addition of Shade Geometry asa Library Component
Permits Common ShadingGeometry For Reveals, Fins,and Overhangs to be ReusedFrom Space to Space
SHADING – EXTERNAL
WALL CONSTRUCTION
ROOF CONSTRUCTION
WINDOW CONSTRUCTION
EXTERNAL SHADE GEOMETRIES
DOOR CONSTRUCTIONS
SCHEDULES
Real-time” Use of the Building
Engineer Must “Interrogate”
Building User to Determine
“Turndown” of Loads
Completely User Defined
Graphic User Interface Input
Features
SCHEDULES
Schedule Types
FractionalSchedules DefineInternal LoadVariance FromDesign Each Hour
Fan/Thermostat–Switch from Occ toUnocc Mode
Utility Rate Time ofDay – Peak/OffPeak Energy RateSchedule
Up to Eight Profiles
Per Schedule
(Used in both
Design and Energy
Simulation)
SCHEDULES
HAP SCHEDULE TYPES
Profiles may be
Assigned to ANY
Combination of
Day Types and
Months
SCHEDULES
SCHEDULES
Stored In Project
Libraries
HAP LOAD SCHEDULES
Load Schedules
Design load Usage
LIVELIVEPROGRAMPROGRAM
VIEWVIEW
Load Schedules - Multiple Profiles
HOURLY ANALYSIS PROGRAM
SPACE INPUT
Smallest Area of the Building ThatYou Can Input
Allows Collection of Thermal LoadsFrom the Elements
Can be One Room, or a Series ofRooms Depending on Your Goal
May or May NOT Have aThermostat
Input Spaces Thermally - Interior vs. Perimeter; North vs.South; Etc.
Accumulate Spaces Into Zones Later
Allows the Most Flexibility When Playing “What If” Zoning GamesLater
Computer Programs Need Enough Detail to Do It Right
SPACE INPUT
SPACE INPUT
• Space
General Tab
• Ceiling Height Linksto ACH Calculationsfor Infiltration andZone MinimumAirflow
• OA Ventilation byASHRAE 62.1-2004Space Usage
SPACE INPUT
SPACE INPUT
Outdoor Air Flow Requirements
If the ventilation standard defines only one outdoor airrequirement, specify it and leave the second requirement valueas zero.When values are specified for both outdoor air requirements ,the program will sum the two ventilation requirements toobtain the total requirement for
Some codes or standards define two requirements peroccupied space. One is typically on a per person basis toaddress pollutants or odors. The second is typically on a perfloor area to address pollutants generated by materials in thespace such as carpeting and furnishings.
VENTILATION
• Activity & use dictate how much fresh air.
• Use ASHRAE Guide lines
13b_CSD401_ DesProjMan _Ver2.1a
VENTILATIONTaken from ASHRAE table 2 of Outdoor Air Requirements for Ventilation
2.1 Commercial Facilities (Offices, Stores, Shops, Hotels, Sports Facilities)
Application
Office SpaceConference Rooms
EstimatedMaximumOccupancyP/1000sqft
Cfm/Person
Cfm/sqft
Comments
750
2020
.
Some Office equip may need Local Exh .Supplemental smoke removal equip.may be required.
Corridors & Utilities .0.05..
Smoking Lounges 70 60 . .
Public Restroom - cfm/urinalLocker or dressing rooms
50 250.5
Normally supplied by transfer air - localmech exhaust - no recirculation .
Elevators . . 1.0 Normally supplied by transfer air.
Internals Tab– Hyperlink to Schedules
SPACE INPUT
LIGHTING FIXTURE TYPES
• Fixture Type:
– Recessed, vented
• Located above ceiling
• Return air passes over lights
– Recessed, not vented
• Located above ceiling
• Return air does not pass over lights
– Free hanging
• Located below ceiling in the zone space
• Conference Room: Recessed, Vented
LIGHTING
• Watts/SqFt of net floor area or TotalWatts
• Unoccupied Use
– The % used during unoccupiedperiod of day (When Equipment isoff)
• Wattage Multiplier (for fluorescent)
– 1.25 for ballast - standard efficiency
– 1.20 for ballast - high efficiency
LIGHTING- incandescent
MORE COMMONLY USED FLUORESCENT LIGHTS
Ballast Loss = 0.2EE
0.8E
0.8E = Rated WattAmpsBallast = 0.2/0.8 =25%
OCCUPANCY/NUMBER OF PEOPLE
• People Density from ASHRAE
– SqFt/Person (Based on Net FloorArea)
– ASHRAE = 7.0P/1000SqFt (Office)
– 1000/7 = 143 SqFt/P
• Activity Levels (6):
– 6th - User Defined
– Sensible & Latent VariesWith Activity
– Office Work
• 245 Sensible
• 205 Latent
OTHER ELECTRIC
• Equipment in the Zone
– Computers
– Machinery
• Watts/sq. ft. of Net Floor Area:
Easily up to 0.5 w/sq.ft in offices
• Unocc. Use: 0 %
MISCELLANEOUS LOADS
• Sensible & Latent from non-electric sources
• Unusual Loads
– Gas-Fired Equipment
– Bunsen Burners
– Exothermic Reactions
– Evaporation
– Steam Leaks
– Piping, Tanks
– Zero for Conference Room
DefineWalls, Windows,Shading and Doors onthe Fly
SPACE INPUT
• Define Walls, Windows,Shading and Doors onthe Fly
SPACE INPUT
SPACE INPUT
Define Schedules, Walls, Roofs, Windows and External ShadingGeometry on the Fly
SPACE INPUT
Multiple Door Types in a Space
SPACE INPUT
Roof, Skylights
SPACE INPUT
Infiltration Option to Define in Air Changes Per Hour (Average CeilingHeight Input added)
Infiltration Input L/s /M². Now Refers to Gross Wall Area (NOT Floor Area)
SPACE INPUT
Floors
Transmission Below Grade
Ground Temperature nearthe surface is close to theoutside air temperature,but further down its valuevaries between 45F to60F.There is very limitedimpact on cooling load asmost of the heat transferis a heat loss.
SLAB FLOOR LOSS & WALLS BELOW GRADE
SLAB FLOOR ON OR BELOW GROUND
• Area: Area of slab floor
• Perimeter: Length of slab exterior
• Depth: Distance below ground level
• Program computes basement walls =(perimeter x depth)
Top FloorsTop Floors -- No SlabNo Slab
SPACE INPUT
Ability to Directly Specify Slab and Basement Floor “U”-Values
Ability to Directly Specify Slab and Basement Floor “U”-Values
Ability to Directly Specify the Basement
Wall “U”-Value
SPACE INPUT
Partitions
Partitions - Wall nextto Non ConditionedSpace
ConditionedSpace
PartitionsPartitions
Wall next to a space whoseWall next to a space whosetemperature differs from thetemperature differs from thezone design temperaturezone design temperature
Example: Room next toExample: Room next tostairwell or a toiletstairwell or a toilet
Exposed Wall
SPACE INPUT SUMMARY
Space Inputs
Majority of InputTime Spent inModeling Spaces
Hot Keys Linked toSchedules andLibraries
Average ceilingheight - Volumecalculation forinfiltration airchanges
1,200 Uniquespaces per project(Multipliers allowed)
Right Mouse click onHighlighted spaceGives You The:
• Ability to DuplicateSpaces
• Ability to Edit SpaceInputs & Orientation
• Generate Reports
SPACE INPUT
Hands-OnWorkshopHands-OnWorkshop
Space Inputs - Gymnasium
• Refer to handout material fordetailed gymnasium space inputs
SPACE INPUT
LIVELIVEPROGRAMPROGRAM
VIEWVIEW