Slide ReviewFall 2005
(Best-looking class ever!)
The course is almost over,
Classes will soon be done.
But now comes the hard part….
‘Cos the studying ain’t such fun!
We understand you’re nervous
We empathize with your ‘pain’
But don’t focus on that right now,
Just the grade you hope to claim!
Meet with TAs this week
(Be patient - there may be a crowd.)
Be prepared and on time to exams.
Don’t cheat, and make us proud!
So now I’ll get my act together,
And you can open your note book.
And let’s take a peek overall
At what deserves a second look!
Tho’ I talk fast in snooty British
There’s no need to panic yet
‘Cos the info is web-posted
In case there’s ‘stuff’ you forget!
Clues are scattered throughout my talk
So listen REALLY well.
Realize that I can’t go over EVERYthing
And the key I CANNOT sell……!
(Altho’ offers with 6-figures may be considered!)
Lecture Grade Breakdown 35% Overall
15% Midterm Lecture Exam20% Final Lecture Exam
Lecture review Tuesday, December 6, 2005
Final Lecture ExamThursday, December 14, 2005
12:30-2:30PM (FLH)
Lab Grade Breakdown
20% Weekly Quizzes5% TA Evaluation 5% Notebooks15% Midterm Practical Exam20% Final Practical Exam65% Overall
Final LabPractical Review
Monday, Dec. 5, 2005
• Do not be late for the session you signed up for. (If you are you will have to stand by for the next available slot…)
• Once checked in you can come and go as you please, but you cannot stay over your assigned time
slot.
• This is your opportunity to ask Q’s, see the specimens and dissections one more time….
Practical Exam
Next Wednesday
December 7, 2005
Take note of the exam time you signed up for & do not get your review & exam times mixed up!
Lecture Exam
Two weeks from today!December 14, 2005
12:30-2:30P.M. in FLH
Practical Logistics• 25 slots per session – Do not exceed 25
except by special permission (Coordinator must sign off for additional seats)
• If there is no room for you in a session – then you must make another choice or find a person willing to switch with you.
• Students who have special needs must have their eligibility papers on file and MUST sign up for the last review and exam sessions.
Point Breakdown25 Stations (3 Q’s per station))
1 point per Q - 75 Points total ~1/3 TAXONOMY, IDENTIFICATION
~1/3 STRUCTURE/FUNCTION
~1/3 COMPARISIONS BETWEEN PHYLA
Round 1 - 90 seconds per station
Round 2 - 45 seconds per station
73,74,75 1,2,3
DOORSIN
K &
AQ
UARIU
MS
WINDOWS61,62,63
Floor Plan of Lab CON 239 for Practicals
There are fewer photos for the second half of the semester
on the web page.
This is because the phyla studied in the second half are
more easily recognized.
… No more worms or worm-like creatures! (Excludes some chordates = blind dates)
Take Note!• The final practical exam is cumulative.• Questions will focus on the last phyla studied
but there will be questions on the material studied earlier in this course.
• So, study hard fromArthropoda – Protista (last half)and review fromMicroscopes – Annelida (first half)
Cheating on either final exam
• Any student caught cheating - or suspected to be, will be punished according to the rules of the Academic Honor Code (possibly thrown out of the course and even the university!)
• Take this warning seriously!
The Point/Grading Rules!
• Capitalize taxa- ½ point WILL be deducted for not doing so.
If you wish to use all capitals, make sure the first letter is most definitely TWICE as big as the rest.
For example:
Taxonomic terms Non-taxonomic terms
Arthropoda (perfect) asconoid (perfect)
arthropoda (-1/2pt) Asconoid (no deduction)
ARTHROPODA (-1/2pt) Mark the first letter as a capital by:
1 ARTHROPODA 2 ARTHRO… or 3 ARTHRO…
Be especially careful when the first letter of a taxa looks the same regardless of upper/lower casing.
Oligochaeta(perfect) simple (perfect)
oligochaeta (-1/2pt) Simple (no deduction)
•Spelling: 1 letter will be over looked
2 letters - lose ½ point3 letters - lose 1 point
These rules only apply if 1 or 2 letters do notcreate another word that could mean that thestudent does not know the answer to the Q.
Rat CatMesohyl Mesophyll Cnidarian Plants
Words students frequently spell incorrectly
Animalia scyphistoma
rhynchocoel symmetrical
typhlosole mesenchyme
Arthropoda proboscis
spongocoel opisthosoma
Scaphopoda seminal
Scyphozoa cilia
Exam LogisticsSign your sheet as soon as you get it.
- giving us permission to post your grade (optional)
- promising to adhere to the Academic Honors Code (mandatory)
- give the last 4 digits of your ss# (With extra symbols for 1 of you!)
Fill out the top part to prevent confusion - your name, TA's name and your section number
Fold your answer sheet in half lengthwise - keep the blank side facing you to act as a cover sheet.
- open it only when you need to write on it.
Exam Logistics Contd.Circle the 3 numbers of the questions where you begin.
- Add the first one to the box on the blank side.
Scrap Paper- Your answer sheet can be used as to make notes
Read each question- Be careful and give exact answers.
e.g. Do not give CLASS if the question asks for PHYLUM.
Write legibly or you risk losing points
Do not give several answers- only the first one will be graded.
Exam Logistics Contd.Multiple choice questions
-When there is more than 1 correct answer give all of them to get full credit.
Hats Take off or wear them backwards please.
Don’t touch!Microscopes - adjust only ocular or focal distanceSpecimens in jars - gently pick up jars to take a closer look, no shaking!
DissectionsDon’t move any of the pins or pointers.
Oops! If you do think that you accidentally moved a pointer or
a pin, raise your hand and tell a proctor/TA immediately.
Exam Logistics contd.
StaringUp or down - just not at your neighbor’s paper! = Cheating!
No talkingQuestions?- Raise your hand so the TA can come to you - don't wait until there are only 5 seconds left at the station.
No sign languageThis is still cheating – just in silent mode!
End of the Exam…Hand in your response sheet to one of the TA/proctors.
Initial against your name on the sign up sheet.
Exit quietly DO NOT talk about the questions after you leave.
If you are caught sharing information about the exam, this will be considered cheating, (accessory) and will be treated accordingly.
Assuming that you are giving correct answers or clues….All you are doing is raising the average grade and ruining the exam for those scoring below the elevated average.
(This could include YOU!)
Grades should be posted (bulletin board) by Monday, Dec. 12 at noon.
KINGDOM ANIMALIAPhylum PoriferaPhylum CnidariaPhylum PlatyhelminthesPhylum NemertinaPhylum NematodaPhylum RotiferaPhylum AnnelidaPhylum ArthropodaPhylum MolluscaPhylum BryozoaPhylum EchinodermataPhylum Chordata
KINGDOM PROTISTA
1st half ….
Worms,
worms &
more worms!
2nd half….
Thankfully a little
more familiar!
Phylum
Arthropoda
4 SUBPHYLA:
SubphylTrilobitmorpha TSubphylCrustacea BOCCMSubphylChelicerata PAMSubphylUniramia CID
Once upon a time there lived a fossil ……..!?
Phylum
Arthropoda
Subphylum Crustacea(‘BOCCM or send your e-mails ‘CC MOB’)
Class Branchiopoda Class OstracodaClass Copepoda Class CirripediaClass Malacostraca
(Head of the mob!)
Subphylum
Crustacea
Largest class3 ORDERS
Do not need to know!
Isopoda Pill bugs***
DecapodaCrabs, Lobsters etc..
AmphipodaBeach Hoppers & Sand Fleas
Class Cirripedia
Class Branchiopoda Acorn & Stalked
Barnacles“Lung feet”
Fairy Shrimp
Class Malacostraca
Class Ostracoda
Class CopepodaTiny red-eyed aliens!
Subphylum CrustaceaClass Malacostraca
Order Decapoda
Crayfish - 1st pleopod in males = specialized intromissive organ. Absent or reduced in females.
Carapace
Phylum
Arthropoda
Subphylum Chelicerata(‘AMP’, ‘PAM’ or ‘MAP’)
Class ArachnidaClass MerostomataClass Pycnogonida
SUBPHYLUMChelicerata
Merostomata Arachnida
Arachnida
Males clasps females with 1st
pedipalp (boxing gloves)
Prosoma & Opisthosoma Pro = #1, first, head end anterior
Cephalothorax & Abdomen
Chelicerata Crustacea
TAGMOSIS
Phylum
Arthropoda
Subphylum Uniramia‘DIC’ or ‘CID’
Class ChilopodaClass DiplopodaClass Insecta
Which one has most legs per segment?
Subphylum Uniramia
Class Diplopoda2 pairs of legs/segment
Class Chilopoda1pair of legs/segment
Antennae & vicious jaws of a carnivorous predator
Rounded head with no obvious jaws as it is a deposit feeder
Telson
Suphylum Uniramia Class Insecta
Box of “bugs!”Ah! The smell of mothballs!
Metamorphosisis the name of the process
= the change from a to anLARVAL form ADULT form
…which MOLTS
..but does NOT REPRODUCE
..which does NOT MOLT
..but does REPRODUCE
Holometabolism 4 ORDERS
- Wings on the INSIDE therefore must undergo a
complete metamorphosis to bring them out.
vs.Hemimetabolism 5 ORDERS
- Wings on the OUTSIDEincomplete/partial/half a metamorphosis.
Holometabolism
Holometabola = Endopterygota4 ORDERS
Egg -> larvae -> pupa -> adult
Aquatic nymph
Butterflies, moths
ColeopteraBeetles.Look for “T” formed by ELYTRA
DipteraTrue fliesLook for HALTERES
Order HymenopteraBees, ants, wasps
Order Lepidoptera
Order
Order
Division Endopterygota:Holometabolous Life Cycle 4 ORDERS:
HemimetabolismIncomplete metamorphosis Wings on the outside
Hemimetabola = Exopterygota5 ORDERS
egg-> nymph(mini adult)-> adult(Naiad if aquatic)
Division Exopterygota:Hemimetabolous Life Cycle 5 ORDERS:
Order IsopteraTermites
HemipteraBug allies (assassin bugs, bedbugs)Look for “X” on back formed by wingscrossing over each other
HomopteraTrue bugs (cicadas, aphids)Look for “home” formed by
wings over back of insect
Order OdonataDragonflies, damselflies
OrthopteraCrickets, grasshoppers, roaches
Order
Order
Order
Head-on
Subphylum Uniramia Class Insecta
Subphylum Uniramia Class Insecta
LepidopteraHymenoptera
Coleoptera
Orthoptera
Hemiptera
Inside a Grasshopper… Remember the baseball and glove?
Don’t forget that the fore- and hind gut portions are from ectodermally derived tissues!
Gastric Caecum- chemical digestion
Proventriculus – grinding= mechanical digestion
Malpighian Tubules - excretion
Female has ovarioles (looks like rice grains!)
Crop - storage
Phylum Arthropoda, Subphylum Uniramia, Class Insecta, Order
Orthoptera
Respiratory system = Tracheal system (has spiracles etc.)
Phylum
Mollusca(5 Classes) Paul chases girls in scant bikinis!
ScaphopodaCephalopoda – Head foot
Bivalvia (Pelecypoda) – Hatchet foot
Polyplacophora – Many plates on a foot
Gastropoda – Stomach foot
Class Scaphopoda - “tusk shells”
Currency for Wampum Indians. Head in sand. Respire through mantle (no gills.) Captacula for feeding on foramniferans,
Class Cephalopoda - Octopuses, Squid, Nautilus,Cuttlefish…beak, pen, ink sac, chromatophores,jet propulsion……….dissection.
I see Spot very well
I swim faster than Spot
I make make spots all over me in order to hide!
My tentacles (2) & arms are derived from the Gastropod foot
Class Bivalvia or Pelecypoda - clams, scallops etc.filter feeders, bivalved shells…… dissection
D
VAP
Name of oldest part?
Class Bivalvia or Pelecypoda - clams, scallops etc.filter feeders, bivalved shells…… dissection
D
VAP
Umbo
Path of water (O2)
Mouth
VentricleBulbus arteriosus
Heart
Foot
Gills
Mantle
Excurrent
& Incurrent siphons
Schematic Diagram of a Clam Dissection
Gills orctenidium –
Each = 2 demibranchs
Anterior
Posterior
Dorsal
Ventral
Auricle
Visceral Mass
Adductor musclesArea of gastric
& /digestive glands
Chitons radula, 8 plates
Class Polyplacophora
MantleAnus Gills in
mantle cavity
Radula in mouth
Head
Class Gastropoda - snails, conchs torsion/coiling, radula, operculum.
Subclass Prosobranchia –pointed shells!
Aquatic GILLS
Subclass Pulmonata – rounded shells!
Land snails and slugs LUNG
Dextral
Detorsion
If it looks strange, chances are itssomething from Class Gastropoda
Subclass PulmonataSlug
Egg Sac
Nudibranch
Class Gastropoda
‘POP’
Subclass Prosobranchia- aquatic & terrestrial snails
Subclass Opisthobranchia-Marine
-Nudibranchs / Sea slugs / Sea hares
-mantle cavity & shell reduced or absent
Subclass Pulmonata-Terrestrial Slugs and snails
Phylum Bryozoa
Encrusting vs. Plant like forms
Freshwater vs. Marine
What’s this?
Bird’s nest?
Coral?
Fur ball?
Plant Forms Encrusting Forms
BryozoaFreshwaterHave statoblasts for surviving through the winter.
Gelatinous zooecium
Monomorphic zooids = all the same
MarinePlant like, Colonial Polymorphic zooids
Freshwater Form Note: lophophore (A)(u-shaped feeding structure) on a zooid
A
Phylum Bryozoa
Marine Form Excellent example of polymorphismThey have autozooids for basic feeding and modifiedzooids for other functions.
A
Phylum Bryozoa
Avicularia – for defense & perhaps food capture.
Vibracula - keep colony free of debris and settling organisms.
VA
Basic Bryozoan Body PlanRing of tentacles = Lophophore= circular ring in marine, = U-shaped in freshwater
Mouth
Intestine
Stomach
Zoecium = chamber in which the individual ZOOID lives
Anus
Retractor muscle to pull organism back into zooecium
What do you callthe structures that enable freshwater bryozoans to over winter?
Basic Bryozoan Body PlanRing of tentacles = Lophophore= circular ring in marine, = U-shaped in freshwater
Mouth
Intestine
Stomach
Zoecium = chamber in which the individual ZOOID lives
Anus
Retractor muscle to pull organism back into zooecium Statoblasts
PhylumEchinodermata(5 Classes)
HolothuroideaAsteroidea EchinoideaCrinoideaOphiuroidea
Echinodermata Basics
•Water vascular system for gas exchange & excretion
•Exclusively marine
•MOST are dioecious
•Phylum typically has pentaradial symmetry
Class Holothuroidea- Sea Cucumbers
Respiratory Structure?Term for releasing insides?Symmetry as adult?
Class Holothuroidea- Sea Cucumbers
Respiratory TreeEviscerationSecondarily bilateral as adults
Class Asteroidea- Sea Stars
Path of Water Flow:Madreporite ->stone canal ->ring canal->radial canals->ambulacral groove->lateral /transverse canals-> tube feet/ampullae
Pedicellariae are for cleaning the surfacePapulae are dermal branchiae for respiration
Pyloric Caecum
Gonad
Radial Canal and tube feet
Ambulacral Ridge
Ambulacral Groove
Cross Sections through Ray of a Sea Star
A
B
A
B
Perivisceral Coelom
Pyloric Stomach
Cardiac Stomach - can be everted in some seastars!
Mouth – oral surface
Anus - Aboral surface
Ampulla
Tube Foot
F
O
O
D
Hepatic or pyloric caecum
Class Echinoidea- Sea Urchins, Sand Dollars
What is the test is used for ?Aristotle’s Lantern is used for?
Class Echinoidea- Sea Urchins, Sand Dollars
Test - SupportAristotle’s Lantern - Feeding
Class Crinoidea- Sea Lilies and Feather Stars
Mouth on upper surface of bodyMadreporite is oral instead of aboralTube feet used mainly for feeding
Mouth
Feather Star
Stalked crinoid = Sea Lily
Cirri
Cirri
Sounds (and are) much prettier than our specimens would have you believe!
Class Ophiuroidea- Brittle Stars, Basket Stars
No Anus, all organs in central disk
What is the advantage of having an anus?
In what group of animals did we see the introduction of the anus?
Phylum
Chordata
3 Subphyla
Subphylum UrochordataSubphylum CephalochordataSubphylum Vertebrata
Subphylum
Urochordata
AdultHas only 1 Chordate characteristic:
Pharyngeal gill bars have become a filter feeding basket
LarvaHas all 4 Chordate characteristics
Subphylum
UrochordataTunicate tadpole larvae
Note 4 chordate characteristics:
1. Dorsal hollow nerve cord
2. Notochord3. Pharyngeal gill
slits or bars4. Post-anal tail
(A)
A
Post anal tail
Metapleural FoldsPharyngeal gill bars & slits
Notochord
AnusAtriopore
Cirri
Nerve cord
Subphylum
Cephalochordata
Dorsal region Note: fin ray (A), myomeres (B), dorsal hollow nerve cord (nerve tube) (C), notochord (D)
D
A
B
CB
Phylum
ChordataSubphylum
Cephalochordata
Anterior region Note: (D) pharynx, (E) endostyle –(produces mucus to help catch food in between the gill bars - Yummy!) (MF) - Meta pleural folds (A) atrium
O
OB
B
B
B
B
C
C
C
CD
E MFMF
A
Ovary P. gill bar
P gill slit
Endostyle
Phylum
ChordataSubphylum
Cephalochordata
Phylum
ChordataSubphylum Vertebrata
7 Classes -Agnatha Hagfish & LampreysChondricthyes SharksOsteichthyes Bony fishAmphibia Frogs & SalamandersReptilia Turtles & CrocsAves BirdsMammalia Your lab partner!
Phylum ChordataSubphylum Vertebrata
TYPES of SKELETON
Cartilaginous Skeleton (2 classes)AgnathaChondricthyes
Bony Skeleton (5 classes) Osteichthyes ‘RAAMO’AmphibiaReptilia AvesMammalia
Phylum ChordataSubphylum Vertebrata
NUMBER OF HEART CHAMBERS
AgnathaChondricthyesOsteichthyes
AmphibiaReptilia (except crocs)
CrocsAvesMammalia
2
3
4
Phylum ChordataSubphylum Vertebrata
WHO HAS AN AMNIOTIC EGG?
Amniotes – ‘RAM’ReptiliaAvesMammalia
Always take the shortest route……If you can’t remember all the classes that are ectothermic… just remember those that aren’t!
Endothermic Aves Mammalia
Endothermy – ability to maintain body temperature by internal metabolic processes
Phylum ChordataSubphylum Vertebrata
Don’t forget the dissections…….and all those special little structures
KINDGOMProtistaNames reflect modes of locomotion
Phylum Ciliophora - cilia
Phylum Sarcomastigophora
Subphylum Sarcodina – pseudopodia
Subphylum Mastigophora - flagella
Phylum Sporozoa – non motile as adults
•Protists are usually unicellular, but can be colonial
•Can colonize just about any moist environment
•Autotrophs (PHS), heterotrophs (phagocytosis), parasitic (malaria) even symbionts (termite & zooflagellates = mutualistic relationship)
•Reproduce asexually by binary fission or by budding
•Reproduce sexually by conjugation or by syngamy (gametes)
Protista Facto!
Paramecium conjugating (sexual reproduction controlled by the micronucleus (can’t see!), macronucleus (A)
A
Phylum Ciliophora
CHAMBERED, (shells & bubbles) CaCO3 tests (skeletons), extend pseudopodia through pores.
Phylum SarcomastigophoraSubphylum SarcodinaForamnifera
Generally benthic – they live here!
SPHERICAL bodies, silica tests (skeletons), extend pseudopodia through the tiny holes in the shell
Phylum SarcomastigophoraSubphylum SarcodinaRadiolaria (round)
Generally pelagic – they live here!
Plasmodium vivax - blood parasite that causes Malaria. Adults are non-motile.
Phylum Sporozoa
Comparison ?’sA. How many of the following organisms are
Deuterostomes?
B. Give the Letter(s) of all organism(s) with incomplete digestive systems.
C. How many phyla/classes are represented here? Read Q’s carefully
Compare traits and group
Phyla when studying!!!
• Diploblastic - 2 Cell Layers
• Triploblastic - 3 Cell Layers
Quick Review
• Diploblastic - 2 Cell LayersPhylum Cnidaria
• Triploblastic - 3 Cell LayersPhylum Platyhelminthes
onward…
Quick Review
Level of Organization
Cell Tissue Organ
What level of organization do
we see in Kingdom Protista?
Level of Organization
Cell - Phylum Porifera
Tissue - Phylum Cnidaria
Organ - Phylum Platyhelminthesonward…
Kingdom Protista – acellular or unicelullar
Symmetry
Radial Where do we first see this?
Bilateral And this?
Pentaradial And this?
Symmetry
Radial Phylum Cnidaria
Bilateral Phylum Platyhelminthes onward…
Pentaradial Phylum Echinodermataexcept ………Holothuroidea which are secondarily bilaterally symmetrical
Digestive SystemsIncomplete (No anus)
Can you name 2 phyla?
Complete (Have an anus)
Can you name 2 phyla?
Digestive SystemsIncomplete (No anus)
Phylum Cnidaria
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Complete (Have an anus)
Phylum Nemertina onward…
(no anus in C. Ophiuroidea!)
Acoelomates 2 phylaPhylum PlatyhelminthesPhylum Nemertina
Pseudocoelomates 2 phylaPhylum NematodaPhylum Rotifera
(Eu)Coelomates 6 phlyaPhylum AnnelidaPhylum ArthropodaPhylum MolluscaPhylum BryozoaPhylum EchinodermataPhylum Chordata
Body Cavity
SchizocoelousPhylum AnnelidaPhylum ArthropodaPhylum MolluscaPhylum Bryozoa
EnterocoelousPhylum EchinodermataPhylum Chordata
Coelom Development
Endoderm, Ectoderm,Mesoderm, Coelom
Protostomes (4 phyla)Protostomes, and Spiral cleavage, Schizocoelous, Determinate
“PaSSeD it!” (BAAM)
Phylum AnnelidaPhylum ArthropodaPhylum MolluscaPhylum Bryozoa
Deuterostomes (2 Phyla)
Radial cleavage, EnterocoelousDeuterostomes, Indeterminate
“REDI” for anything!
Phylum EchinodermataPhylum Chordata
Study Ideas
Make lists of structures for common purposese.g. Book lungs, book gills, trachea and
spiracles and know the organisms that have them.
e.g. Malpighian tubules, Renette glands, protonephridia, Flames cells etc….
e.g. Statoblasts, gemmules, cryptobiotic eggs
Be able to definethese terms and identify organisms that illustrate them
• Cephalization Metamerizism• Tagmetization Homology• Serial Homology Polymorphism• Torsion Detorsion• Ecdysis
This list is not exhaustive….add to it yourself!
Memory tip!
• Learn the exceptions to the rules, the oddities (I love to test on those!)
Make sure you understand why they are tricky though Fire coral is NOT a coral….it has a medusaTurbellaria is the only free-living class in
Platyhelminthes; other two are parasiticOphiuroidea - no anusBrittle stars - no tube feetHolothuroidea - secondarily bilaterally symmetrical
And finally…
• Make a list of all of the unusual terms and structures you have come across and make sure you know where they fit in the “big picture.”Epitoky, respiratory tree, mastax, trophi, trochus, septa, annulus, typhlosole, avicularia, crop, gizzard, parapodia, acicula, trochophore, …..
Sounds like a song from Nemo!
Good Luck!from
Dr. Gavin NaylorTim Swain - Honcho
Allison BauerBrendan Biggs
Brian HollisNate JueSarah Tso
& Jean Hancock - Lab Coordinator
SUSSAI/SIRS EVALUATION FORM
COURSE: BSC2011L REF# See next slide
INSTRUCTOR: Naylor
DATE: December 1, 2005
You are evaluating the course, the instructor and what goes on
in this lecture room only- (not the lab, nor your lab TA)
SPOT form Information
Course ID: BSC2011L 01(All in same section for the lecture)
Course Ref. Code:00320