EXPECTATIONS OF A DATA TABLE AND
GRAPH
DATA TABLE Place to Record and Organize data Read Procedure to Determine Parameters Initial Column is Independent Variable – Label!
Set information prior to experiment“X” Axis
Subsequent Columns are Dependent Variable-Label!“Depends” on outcome of experiment “Y” Axis Number Fish Caught
During Three Day TripDAYS # Fish Caught
123
245
NOW GRAPH IT!
Number of Days FishingDay1 Day
2Day 3
Num
ber
of F
ish
Caug
ht1
2
3
4
5
Number of Fish Caught per Day on Three Day Fishing
Trip
1. Neat, legible writinga) Includes all words and numbers
2. Lines Drawn with a Ruler!3. Title of Graph
a) Reflects information displayed4. Key to Explain Data
a) Explains colors or shading used 5. Use Graph (or Lined) Paper 6. Use a Ruler for ALL Lines
Drawn1. Includes Data Tables and Graphs
ALL GRAPHS SHOULD…
GRAPHS WITH “X” AND “Y” AXIS Title “X” Axis which is Independent
VariableSet information prior to experimentTime, Date...
Title “Y” axis which is Dependant Variable“Depends” on outcome of experiment Quantity or amount...
Label units of “X” and “Y” axis Centimeters? Days? Months? Hours?
WHICH GRAPH DO I USE?
Histogram Circle Graph
Line GraphBar Graph
LINE GRAPHS Display data or information that changes continuously over time
Shows overall trends in data over time
Use different colors for each line
LINE GRAPH EXAMPLEMonthly Days On Market For County
Day
s on
M
arke
t
Months
BAR GRAPHS Compare quantities in different categories or groups
See relationships quickly Each bar MUST be equal in width/units Change in scale may alter visual perception of data
Color or shade each bar
BAR GRAPH EXAMPLE
Exhibits in Museum
Med
ian
Tim
es in
M
inut
esVisitor Time in
Minutes
HISTOGRAMS Looks Similar to Bar Graph Plot quantitative data with ranges of
data grouped into “bins or intervals”Examples: Weights or Heights of population
Examples: Number of Visitors in Continuous Time Period
Each bar MUST be equal in width/units Bars Must be Continuous and Stay in
Order!
HISTOGRAM EXAMPLEPe
rcen
t of
To
tal
Visitor Time in Minutes
Percentage of People Visiting Museum
within a 10 Minute Span over Total 80
Minutes
CIRCLE GRAPHS OR “PIE CHARTS” Shows quick picture of data based on percentage of 100
Data ordered from greatest to least in clockwise directionAll sections added together MUST equal 100%
Color/shade each section differently
CIRCLE GRAPH EXAMPLE
LET’S PRACTICE!Suppose I offered to buy donuts for six people and three said they wanted chocolate covered, two said plain and one said with icing sugar.
1. Create a Data table2. Create an Appropriate Graph
DOES YOUR TABLE LOOK LIKE THIS?Donut Choices of People Interviewed
Type of DonutsChocolate Plain Icing Sugar
Person 1 xPerson 2 xPerson 3 xPerson 4 xPerson 5 xPerson 6 xWhat type of graph would
you use? Bar GraphWhat is the “X” axis? The “y” axis?
DOES YOUR GRAPH LOOK LIKE THIS?
Donut Choices of People Interviewed
Num
ber
of D
onut
s pe
r D
onut
Typ
e 1
2
3
4 5
6
Chocolate
Plain Icing Sugar
Types of Donuts Chosen by Six
People
WHAT CALCULATIONS ARE NEEDED TO MAKE A CIRCLE GRAPH?
1 out of 6 people ordered Icing Sugar1 divided by 6 = .17 x 100 = 17%
2 out of 6 people total ordered Plain2 divided by 6 = .33 x 100 = 33%
3 out of 6 people total ordered Chocolate3 divided by 6 = .50 x 100 = 50% ADD 17% + 33% + 50% = 100%
CIRCLE GRAPH FOR DONUTS
Donut Choices of Six People
ChocolatePlainIcing Sugar
50%33%
17%
LET’S PRACTICE! The number of sneakers sold by brand
for the past month are as follows: Addidas = 25; New Balance = 18;
Nike = 32; Reebok = 15; Other = 10
1. Create a Data table2. Create an Appropriate Graph
DOES YOUR DATA TABLE LOOK LIKE THIS?
Sneakers Sold This MonthBrand of Sneakers Numbers Sold
Nike 32Addidas 25New Balance 18Reebok 15Other 10
What is the Independent Variable?
What is the Dependent Variable?Brands of Sneakers
Numbers of Sneakers Sold
DOES YOUR GRAPH LOOK LIKE THIS?
1 2 3 4 50
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Brands of ShoesAddidas New Balance Nike Reebok Other
Num
bers
of S
hoes
Sa
les
Number of Shoe Sales this Month by Brand Name
DOES YOUR GRAPH LOOK LIKE THIS?
1 2 3 4 50
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Brands of ShoesAddidas New Balance Nike Reebok Other
Num
bers
of S
hoes
Sa
les
Number of Shoe Sales this Month by Brand Name
REVIEW THE DATA TABLE NOW – NOTICE THE CALCULATIONS ADDED
Sneakers Sold This Month
Brand of Sneakers
Numbers Sold
Percentage of Sales
Addidas 25 25%New Balance 18 18%Nike 32 32%Reebok 15 15%Other 10 10%Total Shoes Sold – ALL Brands
100 100%
Do the calculations change the type of graph used?
CIRCLE GRAPH
LET’S PRACTICE! Students polled in a classroom
showed varying heights: 5 students between 4’-5’ tall16 students between 5’ and 6’ tall4 students between 6’ and 7‘ tall
1. Create a Data table2. Create an Appropriate Graph
DATA TABLE – ORIGINAL DATA MAY BE TALLY MARKS
Summary of Polled Students
Height
1 4’5”1 4’6”3 5’8 5’3”4 5’5”3 5’6”1 5’8”2 6’1”1 6’3”1 6’8”
LET’S PRACTICE!
Heights of Students in Feet
Num
ber
of
Stud
ents
1’ 2’ 3’ 4’ 5’ 6’ 7’
2 4
6 8
10 1
2 14
16
18 2
0 22
24
26
28 3
0
Heights of All Students in Class
SUMMARY!1. What are the similarities and
differences between bar graphs and histograms?
2. Describe when a circle graph would be used to present data collected.
3. Which variable - independent or dependent - depicts the “x” axis and “y” axis?
4. Describe all features every graph must include.