bio 230-the axial skeleton: vertebral column and …...thoracic cage (rib cage)-label vertebral body...

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vertebral column label: 1. -cervicle curvature (secondary curve) 2. -thoracic curvature (primary curve) 3. -lumbar curvature (secondary curve) 4. -sacral curvature (sprimary curve) 5. -cervicle vertebrbrae 1-7 6. -thoracic vertebrae 1-12 7. -lumbar vertebrae 1-5 8. -sacrum 9. -Auricular (articular) surface of sacrum 10. -coccyx anterior view right lateral view Bio 230- The Axial Skeleton: Vertebral Column and Rib Cage Which spinal curvatures are primary? Why are they called primary? Which spinal curvatures are secondary? and…when are they formed? T1-T12 Sacrum 1 L5 L1 T12 T1 C2 T1 T12 L1 Anterior view R lateral view C1-C7 L1-L5

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Page 1: Bio 230-The Axial Skeleton: Vertebral Column and …...Thoracic cage (rib cage)-Label vertebral body T1-Label vertebral body T12-Label ribs 1-12 True ribs= False ribs= Floating ribs=

vertebralcolumnlabel:1. -cervicle curvature(secondarycurve)2. -thoraciccurvature(primarycurve)3. -lumbarcurvature(secondarycurve)4. -sacralcurvature(sprimary curve)5. -cervicle vertebrbrae 1-76. -thoracicvertebrae1-127. -lumbarvertebrae1-58. -sacrum9. -Auricular(articular)surfaceofsacrum10. -coccyx

anteriorviewrightlateralview

Bio230- TheAxialSkeleton:VertebralColumnandRibCage

Whichspinalcurvaturesareprimary?

Whyaretheycalledprimary?

Whichspinalcurvaturesaresecondary?and…whenaretheyformed?

T1-T12

Sacrum

1

L5

L1T12

T1

C2

T1

T12L1

AnteriorviewRlateralview

C1-C7

L1-L5

Page 2: Bio 230-The Axial Skeleton: Vertebral Column and …...Thoracic cage (rib cage)-Label vertebral body T1-Label vertebral body T12-Label ribs 1-12 True ribs= False ribs= Floating ribs=

Aboveshowsthepartsofatypica1VertebrathatyoumustknowonanyVertebrafromanyregion.(Superiorview)

Regional(cervical,thoracicandlumbar)differencesBetweenthevertebrae.BesureyouknowtheregionaldifferencesbetweentheseregionsANDthedistinctLookofC1(atlas),C2(axis)andC7(vertebraprominens).

Vertebra– singularVertebrae- pluralpedicle

-onasuperiorarticularprocess

Whatisthedifferencebetweenaarticularprocessvsaarticularfacet?YouMUSTSeeandunderstandthedifference!

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Cervicalregion ThoracicregionLumbarregion

Superiorviewsofthe3regionalvertebra

Rightlateralviews

Cervicaldifferences:1. Transverseforamen2. Bifidspinousprocess

Thoracicdifferences:1. Facetsonbody&transverse

processesforribarticulation2. Downwardpointingspinous

process

LumbarDifferences:1. Shortthickspinousprocess2. Largebody

Page 3: Bio 230-The Axial Skeleton: Vertebral Column and …...Thoracic cage (rib cage)-Label vertebral body T1-Label vertebral body T12-Label ribs 1-12 True ribs= False ribs= Floating ribs=

UniqueCervicalVertebrae:Atlas&Axis(akaC1 &C2)

AtlasC1)-superiorviewinferiorview

ArticulatedAtlas&AxisLabel:A-Atlas(C1)B-Axis(C2)1.Atlassuperiorarticularfacet2.TransverseforamenC1&C23. TransverseprocessC1&C24. Dens(odontoidprocess)5. spinousprocessofAxis6. TransverseligamentofAtlas

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Atlas- Nobody,nospinousprocess.Stillhastransverseforamen.LabelthesuperiorarticularfacetofC1withletterSLabeltheinferiorarticularfacetwithletterIQuestion:Whichhasthelargersurfacearea?

C1superiorarticularfacetsarticulateswith________________________

whichallowsthehead(skull)motion_______________________

C1inferiorarticularfacetarticulateswith_________________________

Whichallowstheheadmotion__________________________

Axis(C2)– superiorview

Label:1. Dens2. Superiorarticularfacet3. Transverseforamen4. Bifidspinousprocess

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Whatcouldhappenifthetransverseligamenttore?

Page 4: Bio 230-The Axial Skeleton: Vertebral Column and …...Thoracic cage (rib cage)-Label vertebral body T1-Label vertebral body T12-Label ribs 1-12 True ribs= False ribs= Floating ribs=

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UniqueCervicalvertebraC7

C7 C7

The vertebraprominens,orC7,hasadistinctivelongandprominentspinousprocess,whichispalpable

fromtheskinsurface.Feelitonyourself!ThespinousprocessinnotbifidButyouknowthisisacervicalVertebrabecauseofwhat?

ThoracicVertebrae

ThreeArticulatedthoracicvertebraeLabel:1. Transversefacets2. Facetsofbody3. Superiorarticularfacets4. Superiorarticularprocesses(3ofthem)5. Superiorarticularprocesses(3ofhem6. Spinousprocesses7. Vertbral bodies8. Intervertebralforamen(2shownhere)

HowmanyThoracicvertebraearethere”

Howmanypairsofribsarethere?

Whydothebodiesofthoracicvertebraeandtransverseprocesseshavefacets?

Remember!Facetshavearticular(hyaline)cartilagebecausethatiswhereonebonearticulateswiththefacetsofanotherbone.

Page 5: Bio 230-The Axial Skeleton: Vertebral Column and …...Thoracic cage (rib cage)-Label vertebral body T1-Label vertebral body T12-Label ribs 1-12 True ribs= False ribs= Floating ribs=

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LumbarVertebra(L1-L5)

1. Superiorarticularprocess(3visible)2. Inferiorarticularprocess(3visible)3. Superiorarticularfacet(onevisible)4. Inferiorarticularfacet(onevisible)5. Body(3)6. Spinousprocess(3)7. Transverseprocess(3)8. Intervertebralforamen(2)9. Wherewouldintervertebraldiscsbelocated?(put

XXX)

Shownthreearticulatedlumbarvertebrae

Sacrum:AnteriorRlateralPosterior

1.Sacralpromontory(outeranteriorlipofbody)2.Anteriorsacralforamina(pl,foramensingular)3.Transverselineoffusion(canyouseeall4).Theselinesoffusionarefusionofwhatpartsofthevertebrae?4.Superiorarticularprocess

5.Mediansacralcrest6.Auricularsurface

7.Sacralcanal8.Superiorarticularfacet9.Mediansacralcrest(formedfromthefusionofwhat?10.Posteriorsacralforamina

Page 6: Bio 230-The Axial Skeleton: Vertebral Column and …...Thoracic cage (rib cage)-Label vertebral body T1-Label vertebral body T12-Label ribs 1-12 True ribs= False ribs= Floating ribs=

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Sternum:formedfromthefusionof:1. Manubrium2. Body3. XiphoidprocessLandmarksofsternum4.Jugularnotch5.Clavicularnotch(x2)articulateswith?6.Sternalangle–fusionof1and2Costalcartilageofwhatribarticulateshere.Clinicalimportanceofthesternalangle?

Thoraciccage(ribcage)

-LabelvertebralbodyT1-LabelvertebralbodyT12-Labelribs1-12Trueribs=Falseribs=Floatingribs=7.Manubrium8.Body9.Xiphoidprocess10.Costalcartilage1-7

Rib

11.Sternalend12.Vertebralend13.Head14.Neck15.Tubercle16.Angle17.Costalgroove18.Body

ThoracicvertebraandribarticulationYOUMUSTBEABLETODEMONSTATETHIS!!

19.Bodyofthoracicvertebra20.Transverseprocessofthoracicvertebra21.Headofrib22.Neckofrib23.Tubercleofrib24.Sternalendofrib

PutanXoverthe2areasofrib/vertebraarticulation