DOWN THROUGH THE DOWN THROUGH THE YEARSYEARS

Slavery Slavery

Jim CrowJim Crow

Freedom MarchesFreedom Marches

Civil RightsCivil Rights

Affirmative ActionAffirmative Action

Million Man MarchMillion Man March

October 16, 1997October 16, 1997

All male marchAll male march

““Day of AtonementDay of Atonement

Expressed remorse Expressed remorse for mistreatment of for mistreatment of women and behavior women and behavior detrimental to the detrimental to the black communityblack community

Richard AllenRichard Allen

1760-18311760-1831

Born a slaveBorn a slave

Taught himself to Taught himself to read and writeread and write

Purchased his Purchased his freedom at age 23freedom at age 23

Founder of the Founder of the African Methodist African Methodist Episcopal ChurchEpiscopal Church

James Weldon JohnsonJames Weldon Johnson

1871-19381871-1938

First African American First African American lawyer admitted to the lawyer admitted to the Florida Bar Florida Bar AssociationAssociation

Wrote the Black Wrote the Black National AnthemNational Anthem

““Lift Every Voice and SingLift Every Voice and Sing””

Lewis H. LatimerLewis H. Latimer

1848-19281848-1928

ScientistScientist

Improved the light Improved the light bulbbulbWorked with A. Worked with A. Graham Bell Graham Bell (telephone (telephone

company)company)

Worked with Thomas Worked with Thomas Edison (to create an Edison (to create an incandescent light)incandescent light)

George Washington CarverGeorge Washington Carver

1861-19431861-1943ScientistScientistDeveloped over 24 uses for Developed over 24 uses for peanutspeanutsDeveloped 118 products from Developed 118 products from sweet potatoessweet potatoesCreated a department of Created a department of agricultural at Tuskegeeagricultural at Tuskegee InstituteInstitute

Medgar EversMedgar Evers

Worked to set up Worked to set up NAACP in Jackson, NAACP in Jackson, MississippiMississippi

Investigated violent Investigated violent crimes against blackscrimes against blacks

Assassinated on Assassinated on June 12, 1963, in June 12, 1963, in front of his wife and front of his wife and childrenchildren

Buffalo SoldiersBuffalo Soldiers

Black soldiersBlack soldiers

Called Buffalo by the Called Buffalo by the Indians because of Indians because of the color of their skinthe color of their skin

Laws that said blacks Laws that said blacks could not votecould not vote

Go to back of Go to back of restaurants to be restaurants to be servedserved

Ride at the back of Ride at the back of the busthe bus

Separate restrooms Separate restrooms and water fountainsand water fountains

Brown vs. Board of EducationBrown vs. Board of Education

A group of 13 parents A group of 13 parents field a class action field a class action suit against the Board suit against the Board of Education of of Education of Topeka SchoolsTopeka Schools

May 17, 1954, the May 17, 1954, the Supreme Court ruled Supreme Court ruled that that ““separate but separate but equalequal”” was was unconstitutionalunconstitutional

Harriet TubmanHarriet Tubman

Called Black MosesCalled Black Moses

Former slaveFormer slave

Led over 300 slaves Led over 300 slaves to freedom on the to freedom on the underground railroadunderground railroad

Union SpyUnion Spy

Union nurseUnion nurse

Paul RobersonPaul Roberson

1898-19761898-1976

ActorActor

SingerSinger

ActivistActivist

First black to play First black to play football at Rutgers football at Rutgers collegecollege

Thurgood MarshallThurgood Marshall

Civil Rights LawyerCivil Rights Lawyer

Challenged the Challenged the ““separate but equalseparate but equal””

First black to sit on First black to sit on the United States the United States Supreme CourtSupreme Court

Carter G. WoodsonCarter G. Woodson

1875-19501875-1950

Son of former slavesSon of former slaves

EducatorEducator

AuthorAuthor

First to record the First to record the history of the Negrohistory of the Negro

March on WashingtonMarch on Washington

August 18, 1963August 18, 1963

Massive civil rights Massive civil rights marchmarch

250,000 people 250,000 people attendedattended

Vice President Hubert Vice President Hubert Humphrey attendedHumphrey attended

Rosa ParksRosa Parks

Refused to give her seat Refused to give her seat on a bus to a white manon a bus to a white man

Her arrest led to a bus Her arrest led to a bus boycottboycott

Boycott lasted 381 daysBoycott lasted 381 days

““Mother of civil rights Mother of civil rights movementmovement””

Boycott led to blacks Boycott led to blacks being allowed to sit being allowed to sit anywhere on the bus that anywhere on the bus that they wantedthey wanted

Jessie OwensJessie Owens

1913-19801913-1980

Track and field athleteTrack and field athlete

Won 4 gold medals at Won 4 gold medals at the 1936 Berlin the 1936 Berlin OlympicsOlympics

William Edward Burghardt DuBoisWilliam Edward Burghardt DuBois

1868-19681868-1968

Author, educator, Author, educator, scholar, and editorscholar, and editor

Wrote Wrote ““The Souls of The Souls of Black FolkBlack Folk””

Promoted higher Promoted higher education for blackseducation for blacks

Scottsboro BoysScottsboro Boys

Boys between the Boys between the ages of 9-21ages of 9-21

Were accused of Were accused of raping two white raping two white women in a box car of women in a box car of a traina train

One women later One women later admitted she and her admitted she and her friend had liedfriend had lied

Ida B. WellsIda B. Wells

1862-19311862-1931

Born to slave parentsBorn to slave parents

Newspaper womanNewspaper woman

Fought against Fought against lynchinglynching

Sit-INs organized by college Sit-INs organized by college students were designed to protest students were designed to protest the fact that blacks could not sit the fact that blacks could not sit

and eat at lunch counters.and eat at lunch counters.

Little Rock High SchoolLittle Rock High School

National guard National guard exhorted 9 black exhorted 9 black students to classstudents to class

On their first day of On their first day of class after integrationclass after integration

The governor The governor declared if they were declared if they were admitted blood would admitted blood would run in the streetrun in the street

Men, Women, and Children in Men, Women, and Children in chainschains

Tuskegee AirmenTuskegee Airmen

Four all black fighter Four all black fighter squadrons who flew squadrons who flew missions during World missions during World War IIWar II

Never lost a pilotNever lost a pilot

Booker Taliaferro WashingtonBooker Taliaferro Washington

1856-19151856-1915

EducatorEducator

Founder of Tuskegee Founder of Tuskegee InstituteInstitute

Martin L. King Jr.Martin L. King Jr.

1929-19681929-1968

Minister, father, Minister, father, husband, and civil husband, and civil rights leaderrights leader

Lead marchesLead marches

Gave speechesGave speeches

Madam C.J. WalkerMadam C.J. Walker

1867-19191867-1919

Born Sarah BreedloveBorn Sarah Breedlove

BusinesswomanBusinesswoman

Inventor or black hair Inventor or black hair productsproducts

First woman First woman millionairemillionaire

Garrett MorganGarrett Morgan

1875-19631875-1963

InventorInventor

Invented the gas mask Invented the gas mask and the traffic lightand the traffic light

Elijah McCoryElijah McCory

1843-19291843-1929

InventorInventor

Invented the Invented the lubricating cup, lubricating cup, medicine cup, and medicine cup, and lawn sprinklerlawn sprinkler

Benjamin BannekerBenjamin Banneker

1731-18061731-1806

MathematicianMathematician

AstronomerAstronomer

Surveyed Surveyed Washington, DCWashington, DC

Constructed the first Constructed the first clock made in the USclock made in the US

Black InventorsBlack Inventors

Sarah Boone ironing boardSarah Boone ironing boardAugustus Jackson Ice CreamAugustus Jackson Ice Cream

Jan Matzeliger shoe fastenerJan Matzeliger shoe fastenerThomas Stewart mopThomas Stewart mopG.F. Grant Golf teeG.F. Grant Golf teeG.E. Becket Letter BoxG.E. Becket Letter BoxJ.A. Burr Lawn mowerJ.A. Burr Lawn mowerW.B. Purvis fountain penW.B. Purvis fountain pen

Amen CornerAmen Corner

Jackie RobinsonJackie Robinson

The first black to play The first black to play in the National in the National Baseball LeagueBaseball League

First black to compete First black to compete in the World Seriesin the World Series

Judge Jerry ReedJudge Jerry Reed

Retired from the US Retired from the US Air ForceAir Force

JudgeJudge

Substitute TeacherSubstitute Teacher

Grandson of a Grandson of a sharecroppersharecropper

Martin L. King TombMartin L. King Tomb

Stature of GandhiStature of GandhiNon violent activist in IndiaNon violent activist in India

Martin L. King pattern his after himMartin L. King pattern his after him