Mahmoud RiadMahmoud RiadLead Consultant, Waste Lead Consultant, Waste Management Services, MENASA Management Services, MENASA RegionRegion

““ Doha GreenDoha Green ””Conference & Workshop Conference & Workshop

December 9December 9 --1010thth , 2009 , 2009 Doha, Doha,

State of QatarState of Qatar

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Why is SWM so important??

46

65

219

43

25 28

51

24

245 246

120

49

0

50

100

150

200

250Oil

Natural Gas

Coal

Uranium

Gold

Silver

Copper

Lead

Iron ore

Bauxite

Nickel

Tin

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Why me??

(1) 1984 – 2009 � 27 years(2) Planning – Design – CD

Today’s Topics

1. SWM System2. The Principles for a sound SWM3. The Technical Aspects4. The “Soft Components”

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1. SWM System

(a) Classification of Solid Waste (Japan)

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Source; Jiro Hiratsuka, Ministry of the Environment, Japan

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1. SWM System

(b) Waste Amount and Composition

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Source; Jiro Hiratsuka, Ministry of the Environment, Japan

100%

4%

70%

19%

6%

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(b) Waste Amount and Composition

The Waste Management Council of Tokyo 23 Cities, Jan. 2005

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Recycling &

Resource Recovery

Production of GoodsPUBLIC AWARENESS

and 3R’s

Goods

consumption and waste discharge

Collection System

Disposal - sanitary landfill or incineration

Intermediate

Treatment

Facilities(W-E, MRF,

Compost, etc.)TransferStation

Post closure maintenance - sanitary landfill

(c) SWM System

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RecyclingRecyclable

Incineration Plants

Ash Fusing Facility

Ohta Plant no. 2

Pulverized waste

processing centerPulverizatio

n Plant for

Bulky waste

Incombustible

waste processing

Incombustible

waste

processing

plant

Bulky waste

Combustible waste

Incombustible waste

Reuse, Recycle

center

The New Sea Surface

Disposal Site

and Outer

Central

Breakwater Landfill

Disposal SIte

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Classifications in the GCC differ.

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(d) The Situation in the GCC� UGR (kg/cap/d)

Lebanon

Tunisia

Sudan

Egypt

Syria

Yemen

Bahrain

Qatar

KSA

UAE

Kuwait

Oman

Morocco Mauritania

Jordan

0

2,500

5,0007,500

10,000

12,50015,000

17,500

20,000

22,500

25,00027,500

30,000

32,500

35,00037,500

40,000

42,50045,000

47,500

50,00052,500

55,00057,500

60,000

62,500

65,00067,500

70,000

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9 1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9 2

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

Kg/cap/d

GD

P/C

ap

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(d) The Situation in the GCC�Waste Composition

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Recycling &

Resource Recovery

Production of GoodsPUBLIC AWARENESS

and 3R’s

Goods

consumption and waste discharge

Collection System

Disposal - sanitary landfill or incineration

Intermediate

Treatment

Facilities(W-E, MRF,

Compost, etc.)TransferStation

Post closure maintenance - sanitary landfill

(d) The Situation in the GCC� The SWM System

Mostly imported

goods!Low

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(e) Some Identified SWM Issues in GCC countries

1) Public Awareness and Governmental Leadership on SWM and waste reduction

2) An integrated approach towards developing SWM

3) An accurate SWM data base for planning and monitoring purposes (waste amounts and compositions, financial inputs, SWM facilities

operating indices, etc.)4) Solid waste legislation (stakeholders responsibilities, waste

definitions, specifications and standards, waste minimization, etc)5) Siting and closure of the landfills

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Public Awareness and Government policies on waste

reduction

Wastereduction

Dischargelimitation

Purchase

Distribution

Production

Capital

House

PublicDomain

Discharge

Collection /Treatment

Public

Capital

Government

Products promotion by Capital

AdvertisementRapid model changeShorter – life products

Increased Consumption

Regulation of Discharge by Government

Capital v/s Waste Minimization

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Integrated Approach towards SWM

Planning (eg. KL)

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Accurate data collection

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1. Amount – Weighbridge is not working.2. Composition

Two Weighbridges – For Bulky waste (LHS) not working

Domestic waste

(c) Problems with “Bulky Waste” Definition

Bulky waste

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Institutional System for SWM (Administration and Legal)

(1) Even under the DBO or BOT schemes the SWM institutional

system must reflect that the ultimate responsibility for protecting the

environment and public health rests with the government(2) The governments must continue to have the total responsibility for

provision and operation of municipal solid waste, while they should have a regulatory responsibility only for the industrial and

construction wastes. The generators of those waste types are more

able to deal with them.(3) Laws and financial incentives should be put in place in order to

promote and support waste minimization

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Japan’s SWM Legislation to promote Waste Minimization

Source; Jiro Hiratsuka, Ministry of the Environment, Japan

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Siting and safe closure of the landfills

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2. The Principles for a Sound SWM

1) Vision and Policy

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Source; Jiro Hiratsuka, Ministry of the Environment, Japan

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2) Proposed Principles

To achieve the Vision the SWM M/P shall have four main Principles to guide the planning, operation and monitoring of the

system.

Principle 1: An approved Waste Hierarchy

Principle 2: Adoption of the Product Stewardship Concept

Principle 3: Selection of “Best Available Technologies for

Local Conditions” (BATLoC)Principle 4: Operation of “Best Available Technologies for

Protecting the Environment” (BATProE)

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3) Integrated Approach to SWM

Seven States and Cities

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3. The Technical Aspects

Waste Discharge

Public AwarenessSource separationPacked wasteCollection frequencyCollection time

Collection

Door-to-doorCurb sideContainer stationOpen stationFixed bin stationSeparate collection

Transport

Container carrierCompactor truckDump truckTransfer truck

Intermediate Treatment

EIA (and siting)MRFCompost plantE f WIncinerator

Final Disposal

EIA (and siting)Aerobic landfillAnaerobic landfillSemi-aerobic landfillBioreactor landfill

Design and Operation

Technical GL, Standards and SpecificationsEnvironmental Impact Assessment studiesMonitoring capabilitiesPost Closure planning

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The renewables• The sun will keep

rising

• The wind will keep blowing

• The waves will keep coming

• The geothermal energy will continue

But for SWM

• We want to reduce the waste amounts

• Waste composition is not fixed

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1) SWM as a renewable energy source

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2) Possible sources of energy within the SWM system

1. RDF Non-uniform nature of the

waste

Dangerous

2. WtE Primary objectives are

waste reduction,

stabilization and odor

Japan’s

experience

3. Landfill gas

(biogas)

Anaerobic conditions at

landfills to increase

methane concentration

Danger of

methane

4. Truck

vibration

New concept on bridges in

Japan

Interesting at

weighbridge area

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3) Japan’s Experience

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4. The Soft Components

Institutional System Stakeholders Responsibilities

Waste Information Management

Public Awareness and Education

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32“Doha Green”

1986

2009

ALF SHUKER!!

ARAMCO Presentation 33

ARAMCO Presentation 34