doe microgrid demonstration projects 3rd defense renewable energy & military microgrids steve...
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DOE Microgrid Demonstration Projects
3rd Defense Renewable Energy & Military Microgrids
Steve Bossart, Senior Energy Analyst U.S. Department of Energy
National Energy Technology Laboratory
April 10, 2013
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Topics
Microgrid Concepts
Challenges
DOE Microgrid Program
Selected DOE Microgrid Project Results
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Microgrid Concepts
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Includes DER & Load
Defined electric boundaries
Single controllable entity
Connect and disconnect from grid
Grid-connected or island-mode
Microgrids & Smart Grids
Central Generation
Transmission Load
Distributed Generation E-Storage
Distribution
E-StorageDistributed Generation
Load
Microgrid
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A Possible Future Distribution Architecture
Municipal Microgrid
Military Microgrid
Campus Microgrid
Commercial Park Microgrid
IndustrialMicrogrid
Utility Microgrid
Distribution Control
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Why Microgrids?• Support integration of smart grid & renewables• Ease application of combined heat & power• Local generation reduces electricity losses• Disperses investments between central and local assets• Assist in reducing peak load• Serve critical loads • Provide local power quality & reliability• Promotes community involvement & energy independence• Provide local power during outages• Supports main grid
– Provide ancillary services to main grid– Manage variability of loads and renewables locally
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Some Challenges and Risks
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Challenges to a Smart Grid1. Businesses, state regulators, and consumer advocates are
unconvinced of the value of smart grid technologies due to lack of performance data on costs and benefits
2. Insufficient or inadequate technologies, components, and systems to leverage IT potential of smart grid
3. No established standards for interoperability of systems and components
4. Insufficient cyber security for a smart grid architecture
5. Lack of a skilled workforce to build, install, operate, and maintain systems and equipment
6. Consumer understanding of the electrical infrastructure and opportunities enabled by smart grid technologies
7. Change management – vision, alignment, education, metrics
8. Future proofing – communications
9. Shift in regulatory paradigm – least cost, “used and useful”
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DOE OE Microgrid Demonstration Program
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Microgrid RD&D Projects
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DOE-OE Primary Microgrid Field Projects
Renewable and Distributed Systems Integration Projects
Mon Power - West Virginia Super CircuitChevron Energy Solutions - CERTS Microgrid DemoCity of Fort Collins - 3.5 MW Mixed Distributed ResourcesIllinois Institute of Technology - IIT Perfect Power DemoSan Diego Gas & Electric - Borrego Springs Microgrid
Smart Grid Demonstration Projects (ARRA)
Battelle – Pacific Northwest Smart Grid DemonstrationLA Dept. of Water & Power Smart Grid Regional DemoSouthern California Edison Irvine Smart Grid Demo
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SDG&E
Battelle
SCE
Ft Collins
Chevron Mon Power
IIT
LADWP
RDSI
SGDP
DOE OE Primary Microgrid Project Locations
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Smart Grid Demonstration Program (SGDP)
Demonstrate emerging technologies (including energy storage) and alternative architectures
Validate business models Address regulatory
and scalability issues Large projects: $20M-
$89M Small projects: $720K-$20M (Federal share)
4-year projects (average)
Selected ProjectsTotal Funding $1,647,637,256
Total Federal Funding $620,027,274
Total Number of Projects 32Large
Projects, 12 (37%)Small
Projects, 20 (63%)
Number of Projects
IOU, 41%
Municipal Utilities,
13%
Electric Co-ops, 3.0%
Technology/ Manufac-
turing Company,
34.0%
Non-Profit, 9%
SGDP Recipient Types
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Common Objectives Among DOE’s Microgrid Projects
• Reduce peak load• Benefits of integrated DER (i.e., DG, DR, e-storage)• Ability to integrate variable renewables• Operate in “islanding” and “grid parallel” modes• Import and export capabilities• Two-way communications (frequency, verification, data latency)• Data management • Price-driven demand response• Dynamic feeder reconfiguration• Outage management (i.e., number, duration, and extent)• Volt/VAR/frequency control• Balance distributed and central control• Cyber security • Interconnection and interoperability• Defer generation, transmission, and distribution investments
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Common Technologies Among DOE’s Microgrid Projects
Generation and Energy Storage Renewable energy (PV, wind) Distributed generation (microturbines, fuel cells, diesel) Combined heat and power Energy storage (thermal storage, batteries)
T&D Communications (wireless, PLC, internet) Advanced metering infrastructure & smart meters T&D equipment health monitors (transformers)
Consumers Plug-in electric vehicles and charging stations (PHEV/PEV) Smart appliances & programmable thermostats Home Area Networks & In-Home Displays Energy management systems
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Selected DOE OE Microgrid Projects
Fort Collins, COAlameda County, CA – St. Rita JailChicago, IL - IIT Campus
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Fort Collins SGDP
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Fort Collins RDSI
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Fort Collins RDSI
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CERTS Microgrid Demonstration at St. Rita Jail
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CERTS Microgrid Demonstration at St. Rita Jail Results
14% peak reduction
- Fuel cell (1 MW)- Photovoltaic (1.2 MW)- Battery (2MW; 12MWH)
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Cloudy Spring Day
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Goals of the IIT Microgrid Project
• 50% peak demand reduction
• 20% permanent demand reduction
• Demonstrate the value of Perfect Power
– Cost avoidance and savings in outage costs
– Deferral of planned substations
• New products and commercialization
• Replicable to larger cities
• Promotion of energy efficiency and cleaner cities
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Loops at Perfect Microgrid
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Components of IIT Microgrid
• An 8 MW combined cycle gas unit
• 1.4 MW of PV cells on building rooftops to supply portions of campus load.
• 500-kWh ZBB storage increases the reliability and efficiency of the microgrid.
• An 8 kW Viryd wind turbine is installed on the north side of the campus in Stuart soccer field.
• Electric vehicle charging stations facilitating small energy storage and providing green energy for electric vehicles.
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Peak Load Reduction Capability at Microgrid
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Optimal Control of IIT Microgrid
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0.5
1
1.5
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2.5
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3.5
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-400
-200
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600
800
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1200
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Pow
er (
kW
)
Time (Hours)
Main grid supplyBattery supplyTotal DemandMain grid price
Ele
ctri
city
Pri
ce (
¢/k
Wh)
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Reliability Evaluation – Stochastic Solution
• The installation of HRDS and storage will lead to the best expected reliability and economic indices.
Case No HRDS HRDSHRDS + Storage
Exp. SAIDI 1.22 0.18 0.04Exp. SAIFI 3.29 0.59 0.37Exp. CAIDI 1.73 0.36 0.04Exp. CAIFI 2.69 0.68 0.29
Exp. Operation Cost 224,073 146,899 120,038Exp. Energy not
Supplied 1,216.21 251.07 175.10LOLE 13.153 2.360 1.467
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Contact InformationMerrill Smith & Dan Ton
Program Managers
Microgrid R&D
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Energy Delivery and Energy Reliability
(202) 586-3646
(202) 586-4618
Steve Bossart
Senior Energy Analyst
U.S. Department of Energy
National Energy Technology Lab
(304) 285-4643
Key Microgrid Resources:DOE OE www.oe.energy.govSmart Grid www.smartgrid.gov