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IDENTIFIERS

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Cedo; Center for Educational Development Overseas.Missionary Society of St. Paul the Apostle, N. Y.7219p.

MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29Audiovisual Instruction; *Developing Nations;Educational Radio; Educational Resources; EducationalTelevision; *Instructional Media; *InstructionalTechnology; Media Technology; *Teacher Education;*Technical AssistanceCEDO: *Centre for Educational Development Overseas

ABSTRACTThe Centre for Educational Development Overseas

(CEDO) was created in Britain in 1970 to assist developing nationswith modernization and innovation in education. CEDO has aided bothformal and informal education projects in several nations includingBrazil, India, Ethiopia, Malaysia, and Tonga. Aid is usually offeredin response to requests from national or regional organizationsconcerned with education, and in cooperation with other agencies suchas UNESCO, FAO and the British Government. CEDO maintains a trainingcenter in London for teaching how to use audiovisual media andeducational radio and television, and provides additional coursesoverseas. CEDO acts as a central clearinghouse for information oninnovations in education and publishes two journals, "EducationalBroadcasting International," and "Educational ResourcesInternational." (MG)

rentre for Educational Development Overseas

CEDO,Tavistock House South.Tavistock Square.London WC1 H 9LL.Telephone 01-387 0166

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.EDUCATION & WELFAREOFFICE OF EDUCATION

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO.DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROMTHE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPIN-IONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILYREPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDU-CATION POSITION OR POLICY

ADMINISTRATIVEDEPARTMENT

Administration

Personnel

Finance

CEDOTHE FUNCTION OF CEDOThe Centre for Educational Develop-ment Overseas was created in 1970to assist developing countries withmodernization and innovation ineducation by providing a source ofinformation, advice and help. CEDOis concerned with curricula in thewidest sense, with the techniques ofteaching and selection, with allaspects of educational technologyand with related problems of educa-tional organization. CEDO is active inthe fields of both formal and informaleducation and with all levels andcategories from primary to tertiary.The main aim is to employ ourparticular resources and expertise togive the right kind of help at the righttime in the right place in order toaccelerate and develop soundeducational practice.

BOARD OF GOVERNORS

(POLICY)

DIRECTOR-GENERALINFORMATION ANDRESEARCH DEPARTMENT

Consultancies

Publications

Information libraryand resources services

Publicity

AUDIO-VISUALDIVISION

Consultancies andfeasibility studies

Training courses

Project development

BROADCASTINGDIVISION

EducationalTelevision

EducationalRadio

Advisory services

Consultancy andfeasibility studies

Training courses

Engineeringservices

CURRICULUMDIVISION

Consultancies andfeasibility studies

Advisory services

Project der oment

Special trainingCourses

Project development

Training administration

Graphics services

Internships & attachments

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The Centre's specially designed training complex was officially opened bythe Rt. Hon. Richard Wood, M.P., Minister for Overseas Development (left)

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CEDO provides information, adviceand recommendations on most aspectsof educational development andinnovation, specifically in those areascentral to the work of the mainDivisions. In response to requestsfrom national or regional organiza-tions or institutions concerned witheducation, CEDO makes availahleconsultancy services, undertakesfeasibility studies, training and variousforms of project development.

CEDO co-operates with international,national and regional organizationsand institutions working in the samefield, such as the CommonwealthSecretariat, FAO, UNESCO, UNICEFand the specialized institutions ofthe South East Asia Ministers ofEducation Organization. In Britainclose liaison is maintained with theOverseas Development Adminis-tration of the Foreign and Common-wealth Office, which is its main sourceof financial support, as well as withorganizations such as the BBC, theInter-University Council for HigherEducation Overseas (IUC), theSchools Council, the Council forTechnical Education and Training forOverseas Countries (TETOC) and theThomson Foundation.

CE DO has a special relationship withthe British Council and the twoorganizations have enter(.-.I into aconcordat which makes the servicesof the British Council officers indeveloping countries available tocEno. This invaluable support meansthat CEDO now has a very widerange of points of contact, informationand communication overseas.

OVERSEAS ACTIVITIESProjectsFrom its inception CEDO has beenpledged 'to promote by all meanspossible the development overseas ofeducation'. In practice, it is mainlyconcerned with innovation andmodernization. The Centre is basedin London and has a major trainingarea there in its headquarters. It is,however, fully realized that the mosteffective form of educational develop-ment arises in response to local

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Initiative and follows carefullyassessed and identified lok..al needand then only with effective localsupport and co-operation. CEDO hasbeen able to participate in a varietyof such projects. The followingexamples indicate the range andvariety of CEDO's activities:

BrazilFollowing preliminary visits by CEDOpersonnel at the request of thePresident of the National Foundationfor Educational Television in Brazil(FCBTVE) four Brazilian ETV per-sonnel came to London for furthertraining in the techniques of trainingpersonnel for ETV. Two of them thenco-operated with a CEDO trainingteam to run a four-month course inBrazil at the request of FCBTVE andthe Comiss5o Nacional de AtividadesEspaciais. A further course followed ar da CEDO officer was seconded via thoOverseas Development Administrationto the FCBTVE for a period of twoyears as an adviser. Further requestsfor CEDO's services have followed.

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A C EDO officer lectures at a training course held in Brazil at the request of _doCNAE and FCBTVE

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A consultant with members of a Teacher Vacation Course in Antigua

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CaribbeanMathematics ProjectThe Caribbean Mathematics Projectbegan in eight territories of theEastern Caribbean in August 1971.Under the joint sponsorship of theUWI Institute of Education, UNESCOand CEDO, it has been welcomed bythe Ministries of Education concernedas a means of modernizing the teach-ing of mathematics and of developinga suitable course for the lowersecondary years.

The twin aims of the Project are in-service teacher training and thedevelopment of local material for theteaching of mathematics, The strategyis to make a variety of resourcesavailable to teachers, and to en-courage them to write original unitsof work which may eventually formthe basis of a complete mathematicscourse for the 12 to 15 age group.An international team of three full-time consultants is working with theProject, which has an initial life-timeof three years. An interesting featureof the Project is the use being madeof materials written in Ghana as amajor resource in the early stages,thus exemplifying CEDO's importantrole in facilitating the exchange ofexperience between developingcountries in the curriculum field.

Science Teaching ProjectFollowing preliminary discussion inthe Caribbean in 1969 by members ofthe staff of CREDO (now the Curric-ulum Division of CEDO) a feasibilitystudy for a pilot scheme to introducescience teaching for the first twoyears at secondary level based on theconcepts of the Combined NuffieldScience Project, but adapted to theneeds of that area, was commissioned.This study led to the development.by the Ministry of Education, theUniversity of the West Indies andCEDO, with considerable financialsupport from the ODA, of a three-year integrated science teachingproject based on local adaptation ofthe Scottish Integrated ScienceScheme. As preliminaries to this

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111611011/Students following the EASSP course

project, teacher vacation courses wereorganized in the area and. Indeed,these have remained a feature of theproject.

In conjunction with the ODA, CEDOmade arrangements for a full. timeadviser in the area for three years, apart-time consultant for the sameperiod of time, apparatus for use inthe pilot schools, the necessarytextbooks, teachers' guides andpupils' worksheets.

So far 77 trial schools and sixteachers' colleges have been involved.It is hoped that the project will beextended into the third and fourthyears of secondary education.

East AfricaSecondary Science ProjectIn the mid-60s science teachers inTanzania, Uganda and Kenya ex-pressed interest in the Nuffield ScienceProject. In 1967 a Conference washeld to discuss the value of aCurriculum Development Project inSecondary Science.

On the recommendations of thisConference held in Nairobi in 1968,new courses in chemistry, physicsand biology have been written andtested in about 120 schools, appro-priate examinations at School Certi-ficate level have been held and thedraft materials will accordingly bemodified for general use b',' schools.Throughout the four-year trial periodCEDO has supported this Projectboth financially and professionally incollaboration with the British Council.

In recognition of the need for accom-panying teacher education, CEDO hashelped to finance local production ofaudio-visual support material fortopics which are either difficult toteach or dependent on the use ofexpensive apparatus.Following the inception of this Pro-ject on a regional basis, each of theparticipating countries is now develop-ing and using the materials to meet itsown needs.

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EthiopiaA/1,7,.s CentreIn 1971 a si;. week radio script-writing and production course wasconducted by CEDO at the EthiopianMass Media Centre which is con-cerned both with formal and informaleducation. Three radio producerswere subsequently trained in London.CEDO also has a history of trainingETV staff for the Centre.

In )972. at the request of theEthiopian Ministry of Education onbehalf of the Overseas DevelopmentAdministration, CEDO conducted adetailed survey of the present roleand future development of the Centre.

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A CEDO officer visits a school during a survey of the development of theeducational mass media in Ethiopia

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TVCs form an important part of projects. A UK consultant in Malaysia talksto a student

IndiaMadras Technical Teachers'Training InstituteFollowing a visit to the United King-dom by the F'rincipal of the TTTI arequest was made to the BritishGovernment for assistance with theprovision of closed-cicuit televisionfor teacher training purposes withinthe Institute. After a preliminary visitby a CEDO Officer, personnel fromthe TTTI came to the United Kingdomfor technical training at CEDO. TheChief Engineer of CEDO, havingadvised on the scheduling and order-ing of equipment, visited Madras toadvise on the installation of theequipment. CEDO they, provided aTraining Officer to conduct a six-week course for the Institute personnelwho will be using the equipment.

MalaysiaSecondary Science ProjectIn 1968 the Malaysian Ministry ofEducation asked CREDO to act asconsultants for renewing their uppersecondary school science curriculain physics, chemistry rind biology.

A member of staff undertook responsi-bility for co-ordinating this workwhich began with teacher vacationcourses (TVCs): foundation courses onNuffield Science, leading on toworkshops in which Malaysianteachers worked alongside UnitedKingdom tutors producing a cou:sebased on Nuffield Science for trial inMalaysia. In 1972 the first drafts ofpupils' books and teachers' guideswere printed both in English andBahasa Malaysia and tested in thirtyschools.

Malaysian participants in the Projecthave visited the United Kingdomunder the auspices of the BritishCouncil to continue their work ofwriting the material, in combinationwith further study.

CEDO is also assisting the Ministryof Education to devise a new coursein combined science for pupils inthe Arts streams at School Certificatelevel.

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TongaNational Audio Visual Modio CowinIn 1969 OVAC (now the AudioVisual Division o CEDO) wasasked to send an Officer to discusswith the Government plans for aNational Audio-Visual Media Centre.In 1971 a follow-up visit led to theestablishment in Nuku'alofa of sucha Centre.

This Centre provides the followingservices for both formal and informaleducation:the production of aud.o-visual aids,in-service training in methods anduses of media;information and sources of referenceon equipment and materials.A further visit to consolidate thedevelopment of the Centre and providein-service training for staff wasmade in 1972.

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#1016 .s.a.;'The Audio-Visual Media Centre, Tonga

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A trainee learns to operate an overhead projector

TRAININGf raining is one of CEDO 's maimactivities. Courses are held on aregular basis in London and overseaswhere the number of traineesjustifies a visit by CEDO personnel.

In its Specially designed trainingcomplex in Tavistock House,completed in 1972, CEDO offersregular training courses in audio-visual media, educational radio andeducational television. In addition,specialist courses on various aspectsof curriculum development can bearranged.

Overseas courses are normally relatedas far as possible to existing orplanned operatic is. An example ofthis was the production refreshercourses for in- service ETV personnelin Malaysia. These were run inparallel with courses on the effectiveuse of television programmes in theclassroom conducted by CEDOpersonnel prior to the opening of theeducational television service inKuala Lumpur.

Audio-Visual MediaThe Audio-Visual Division runs coursesat various levels on the making anduse of audio-visual aids (withemphasis on the low-cost variety)overseas, whether concerned withclassroom or informal education.

Educational RadioThe Educational Radio Departmentof the Broadcasting Division runsintensive courses covering productiontechniques and classroom or listeninggroup utilization. Training also coversthe specialized areas of radiovisionand tape/slide presentations; also theproduction of relevant supportmaterials for broadcast programmes.Each course lasts thirteen weeks andthey are held at regular intervals.

Educational TelevisionThe Educational Television Depart-ment of the Broadcasting Divisioncarries out regular, fifteen-week,intensive, general production courseswhich include attachments to British

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Television training course studio exercise

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tele\sision broadcast stations. Theseessentially practical courses aredesigned to help trainees to use ther, sources of television to meet varyingeducational needs formal andinformal.

There are also six eight weekadvanced courses for experiencedETV personnel, dealing with organiza-tion and administration and the latestproduction techniques.

m addition, there are sixteen-weektrainers' courses specifically de-signed for experienced personnel whohave or will have local trainingresponsibilities. These are run inparallel with a general productiontraining course.

Curriculum DevelopmentThe Curriculum Division does notprovide standard courses on a regularbasis at the Centre. It provides shortcourses on curriculum reform forCommonwealth students on bursariesprovided by the British Governmentand offers advice on programmes foroverseas visitors who come to Britainto study aspects of curriculumdevelopment.

Related ActivitiesSpecial courses or attachments maybe arranged for individuals or groups.For 2xample, trainees have made aspecial study of television graphicsor engineering and study visits havebeen arranged for FAO officials andoverseas university staff.

OverseasCEDO has already conducted avariety of training activities in a largenumber of overseas countries. Eachof these has arisen through a requestcoming to CEDO either directly fromthe organization or institution con-cerned, or alternatively through anintermediate agent such as theBritish Council, the ODA or one ofthe major international organizationssuch as the FAO or UNESCO.

Trainees in the radio control room

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The types and range of these courseswhich have involved staff from all

Divisions of CEDO can be judgedfrom the following examples :Audio-Visual courses for TeachersAfghanistanTraining in ETV Production BrazilRegional Training Course in Educa-tional Radio Kenya (for UNESCO)Teacher Vacation Course (NewScience) MalaysiaAudio-Visual Course for FisheriesTraining Officers Malawi (for FAO)Training in Science Teaching b./TV Arab Republic of Egypt (forUNESCO)Audio-Visual Workshop for FamilyPlanning Personnel Ghana (forInternational Planned Pare,,thoodFederation)

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A corner of the CEDO library

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INFORMATIONCEDO acts as a central clearinghouse for information on innovationand modernization in educationaldevelopment. The Information andResearch Department collects, collatesand disseminates all incoming andoutgoing information concerning allaspects of CEDO's activities.

An educational resources area hasbeen developed around the library.In addition to its comprehensiverange of conventional book material(specifically covering CEDO'sinterests), audio-visual equipment,film-strips, sound-tapes and materialsrelating to curriculum developmentwork, particularly in the areas ofoverseas science and mathematicsteaching, are available for study anduse by trainees, visitors and staff.There are collections of publications,charts, posters and other audio-visualmaterial in the areas of adult andinformal education also available.

Information and advice is availablethrough correspondence, publications,lectures and the reception of visitors.The Information and Research De-partment is responsible for all CEDOpublications including the journalsEducational Broadcasting Internationaland Educational Resources Inter-national.

CONCLUSIONIn the first outline of the role of thethen new CEDO, the Chairman, SirLionel Russell, said that the extentto which CEDO could assist thedeveloping countries wishing to useits services would depend not onlyon the expertise which we couldourselves make available, but on theresources essential to support our

s.. ,activities. He went on to say that theBoard of Governors and all thoseconnected with CEDO hoped thatthe generous support given by non-governmental sources in the past toCEDO's predecessors would con-tinue, both from Foundations in theUnited Kingdom and overseas, andfrom those.business and commercialinterests realizing, as we did, that

financial assistance to education indeveloping countries is a v:tal matter,demanding a higher priority than everbefore, not only in the plans of thecountries themselves, but in thepolicies of those genuinely concernedwith their welfare.

With two years of operation andadded experience behind us weconclude, in the Chairman's words'with an a2peal to those who receiveour brochure to support our plans tothe maximum exi:E..nt tile./ feel able.Such support wuu :J enable us tomake a more positive, more relevantand more valuable contribution toeducational development overseas'.

ENQUIRIESRequests for further informationshould be addressed to the DirectorInformation and Research Depart-ment, Centre for EducationalDevelopment Overseas, TavistockHouse South, Tavistock Square,London WC1 H 9LL.

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In association with the Thomson Foundation, the British Council and the overseas on educational technology in higher education. The photographIUC, CEDO organized a study visit for senior university personnel from was taken during their visit to Brunel University Television Service.

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APPENDIX ADirector-GeneralMr. J, R. Bunting, CBE, served over-seas for some twenty years in theColonial Service and HMOCS. Afterh.ing Head of Wolmer's School,Jamaica, his posts included ActingDirector of Broadcasting arJ Chic,Federal Advi ;er on Educatiun inNigeria. He then worked for theBritish Council in London for threeyears as Education Adviser for WestAfrica, Head of the GVSO Unit andas Assistant Controller of the Educa-tion Division. He subsequently joinedthe publishing house of EvansBrothers Ltd. and was later appointedDirector of Overseas Sales andPublications.

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An audio-visual workshop in Chile, arranged by the British Council in officer supervises practical work. More than forty educationists attended theconjunction with the Chilean Ministry of Education and CEDO. A CEDO three-week course.

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Deputy Director-General andDirector of the CurriculumDivisionMr. R. W. Morris, HMI, after elevenyears' teaching experience, joined theInspectorate, rising to the rank ofStaff Inspector on appointment asJoint Head of the Curriculum StudyGroup established by the Ministry ofEducation in 1962. He subsequentlybecame Joint Secretary to the SchoolsCouncil and was later appointedDirector of the Centre for CurriculumRenewal and Educational Develop-ment Overseas when it was set upin 1966.

Director of the Audio-VisualDivisionMr. G. H. Rusbridger, OBE, wasformerly in HM Overseas Civil Serviceand served as Deputy Director ofEducation in Northern Rhodesia (nowZambia) and as Director of Educationin Tanganyika (now Tanzania). Hewas Director of the Oversee VisualAids Centre from its inception in1958 until its incorporation in CEDOin 1970.

Director of the BroadcastingDivisionMr. T. Singleton joined the Centrefor Educational Television Overseasin 1963 after some ten years in ABCTelevision and Westward Television.As Head of Training and OverseasOperations for CETO, he travelledwidely and assisted many countriesin setting up educational televisionservices. He was appointed Directorof C:TO in 1968.

Director of the Information andResearch DepartmentMr. A. B. Edington joined the Centrefor Education& Television Overseasin 1965 after serving as an EducationOfficer in Northern Nigeria. Aftertwo years as an Information Officerin the United Kingdom he wasseconded as an Adviser to the GhanaBroadcasting Corporation on all out-of-studio aspects of educationalbroadcasting. On his return he wasappointed Associate Director of theInformation and Research Department.

A CEDO officer assists on a teacher training programme on Nuffield Sciencebeing made by Inravision in Colombia in conjunction with the British Council

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APPENDIX B

Members of the Board ofGovernors

Sir Lionel Russell, CBE (Chairman) Previously Chief Education Officer,Birmingham

Mr. G. S. Bessey, CBE, MA Director of Education, CumberlandEducation Committee

Dr. C. C. Butler, FRS Director, The Nuffield Foundation

Mr. F. H. Cawson, CBE Assistant Director-General(Functional), The British Council

Mr. G. F. Cockerill Joint Secretary, Schools Council forCurriculum and Examinations

Mr. J. P. Collis Managing Director,Rank Bush Murphy Ltd.

Mr. A. W. Fisher General Secretary, National Unionof Public Employees

Dame Mary Green, DBE Headmistress, Kidbrooke School

Mr. James Mark, MBE Under-Secretary, OverseasDevelopment Administration

Mr. J. A. T. Morgan Chairman, Edward Arnold(Publishers) Ltd.

Professor B. Morris Professor of Education,University of Bristol

Mr. T. Neil, CMG, TU Director, The Thomson Foundation

Mr. R. S. Postgate Previously Controller of EducationalBroadcasting, British BroadcastingCorporation

Miss J. E. Skinner, MA Principal, Bishop GrossetesteCollege, Lincoln

Professor Andrew Taylor Professor of Education, UniversityCollege, Cardiff

Mr. J. E. C. Thornton, OBE Educational Adviser, OverseasDevelopment Administration

Professor E. G. Wedell Professor of Adult Education,University of Manchester

Mr. B. W. M. Young, MA Director-General, IndependentTelevision Authority

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Photographs other than those taken by CEDO personnel bycourtesy of:

Arthur Mee, Esq.

Brunel University Television and Audio-Visual ServicesDepartment of Culture and Publicity (Chile)

design/print Eyre & Spottiswoode Ltd at Grosvenor PressPortsmouth