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Technical & Non-Technical-I

Question 1

Which of the C variable qualifiers amongst const and Volatile provides more data safety?

Const is the qualifier that provides more data security by throwing error when an accidental attempt is made to modify the same.

Question 2

Which is more memory efficient in generic sense - Arrays or Linked Lists?

Actually, there is no significant difference in memory requirement for arrays and linked lists as both increases with increase in data. (However, linked lists are generally easier to work with dynamic data)

Question 3

Among function declaration and function definition which of the following gives first hand information to the compiler about its return data type and arguments.

Function declaration is the answer, as it precedes function definition. With function declaration, the compiler can get to know about its return data type, the number and type of the arguments etc

Question 4

Which is the protocol used for communication between network managing computer and all other computers or devices within the same network? Hint: This is an application layer level (in OSI) protocol.

SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol

Question 5

Say there are two similar programs installed on UNIX and Windows systems in a network. If these programs require data to be passed back and forth across the network, which of the OSI layers will be responsible for handling platform differences? Hint: This layer is also capable of inclusion of encryption services.

Presentation Layer

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Question 6

Name a simple protocol that is very widely used in measuring time taken for a server to respond to a request in network? Hint: With this protocol one can check if a remote server is actually connected/active.

Ping Protocol

Question 7

Define JAVA object serialization.

Object serialization is a process where an object's state will be converted to a format that can be stored to persistent storage for future restoration.

Question 8

Define JAVA Swing.

JAVA Swing is an API that provides several GUI capabilities to JAVA applications.

Question 9

Define JAVA struts.

JAVA struts is a widespread application development framework employing MVC (Model View Controller) architecture.

Question 10

Read the below passage and say which of the below statements is true:

“The shirt sized A is suitable for kids of age 7 years and below. The shirt sized B will fit kids of age 8 years and below. Both the sizes will fit kids above 5 years of age."

a. Size A is suitable for kids of 5 years.b. Size A and Size B are suitable for kids of 7 years.c. Size B is only for grown up kids above 7 years.

Answer. b. Size A and Size B are suitable for kids of 7 years. From the passage, you can find size A fits kids >5 years and <= 7 tears and size B fits kids >5 and <= 8 ye

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Question 11

Read the below passage and say which of the below statements is true :

"There are two roads R1 and R2 between cities A and B. Route R1 is a four way in good condition. Route R2 is not that good, but good vehicles can overcome the bad condition of the road. Route R1 is bit longer than R2."

a. A good vehicle can use either of the roads to reach the destination in correct time.b. A not so good vehicle can only use R1.c. Only good vehicles are permitted in route R1.

Answer a. A good vehicle can use either of the roads to reach the destination is true. Though the condition of R1 is better than R2, the passage never has any separate rules for good and bad vehicles and hence options b and c are not true.

Question 12

Read the below lines carefully.

"There were two types of bulbs available in shop, one was 40 volts and the other was 60 volts bulb. A bulb of higher voltage rating can work on a low voltage supply with the help of a transformer. A bulb of lower voltage rating will burst at higher voltage without a transformer".

Tell which one of the below is true.

a. 40 volt bulb always requires a transformer irrespective of voltage levels.b. 60 volt bulb can work on a same current supply as to that of a 40 volt bulb, provided there is a transformer.c. 40 volt and 60 volt bulbs will burst if connected to a same line of 60 volts.

Answer b. 60 volt bulb can work on a same current supply as to that of a 40 volt bulb, provided there is a transformer. First option is not true as 40 volt bulb can function on 40 volt line without a transformer. Option c is also false as 60 volt bulb will not burst when connected to 60 volt line

Question 13

Body builders use --- effort to left heavy weights which may weigh even more than their body weight.

Options. a. extraordinary b. arduous c. meticulous

Answer. b. arduous is used in this context well.

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Question 14

The chemist in that pharmaceutical company was preparing to make ---- that medicine before recommending to his patients.

Options a. a sample of b. an assay of c. an analysis of

Answer. b. an assay of. This means to examine the medicine and this word fits the context well.

Question 15

Egyptian paintings in ancient times were ---- in spite of the limitation of resources during those times.

Options a. tremendous b. artful c. crafty

Answer b. artful. Artful is to develop or create something with great skills. This suits the context well.

Question 16

Heavy floods following heavy rainfall split that small island ___.

Options a. asunder b. apart c. partly

Answer a. asunder.

Question 17

How inline functions are interpreted by the compilers? What could be the main use?

When inline functions are used compilers are expected to expand the function in every place of call. This approach saves time when there are lots of function calls.

Question 18

Which among the following is preferred for embedded applications, microprocessors or microcontroller?

Microcontrollers are used for embedded applications.

Question 19

In SDLC, what is black box testing (which comes under testing phase) ?

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Black box testing is nothing but testing the actual functionality of a module/program at a high level. Here one may test different outputs for different sets of inputs. Also the one may not worry about the module/program internals under testing.

Question 20

In SDLC, which is the testing phase that takes care that client requirements are actually met after installing the application on the site ?

UAT or User Acceptance Testing is the concerned testing phase.

Question 21

By evening, a salesman had sold 3/4ths of the apples he had for a profit of Rs 1 per apple and was unable to sell remaining 1/4th. Earlier he had planned to sell all his apples at a profit of 75 paise per apple. Now, at the end of the day, did he meet his estimated overall profit amount ?

a. Yes b. No c. Depends upon the number of apples

Answer Yes

Reason :

Consider he had 100 apples to begin with. If he sells 3/4th for a profit of Rs 1, he would had got Rs 75 as profit.

In the morning, he would had planned to sell all 100 apples for profit of 75 paise which would had resulted in a net profit of Rs.75.

Hence, though he sold only 3/4 th of the apples, since he raised his profit to Rs 1 from 75 paise, he actually met his estimates.

Question 22

Let the distance between A and B be 4 Kms and the distance between C and D be 5 Kms. If a car C1 travels from A and B at a speed of S1 and another car C2 travels between C and D at a speed of S2. Now what should be the minimum speed of C2 so that it reaches in time or before C1.

Answer (5/4)S1

Reason :

Time = distance/speed.

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Let T1 be the time taken by C1 to reach its destination and let T2 be that of C2.

T1 = 4/S1 and T2 = 5/S2.

For T2 to be lesser than that of T1. 5/S2 < 4/S1 OR s2 > (5/4)S1

Hence speed of car C2 should be at least or greater than 5/4th of speed of car C1.

Question 23

A man estimates to sell 100 cricket bats at a profit of Rs 10 per bat. But unfortunately, 10 are little defective and can be sold only at their cost price. How much should the selling price of each (in rupees) of the good bats needs to be increased to meet his estimated overall estimated profit?

Answer 10/9

Reason :

He has to raise the profit of his 90 good bats to account for the loss of profit from the 10 bats.

The profit from 10 bats would had been Rs.100. (since he had estimated Rs.10 profit per bat)

This profit should added to individual selling price amounts of the good 90 bats. Or Rupees 100/90 or 10/9 should be added to the selling price of each the good 90 bats to balance the loss.

Question 24

a. Cackle b. Shrill c. High Pitch d. Roar

Answer. d. Roar.

Cackle is to make a unique high pitched laugh with a shrill sound. Hence options a, b and c are related to each other.

Question 25

a. Bunker b. Fuel c. Bin d. Travel

Answer d. Travel.

Bunker denotes a fuel tank or bin. Hence options a, b and c are closely related. Hence d. Travel is the answer.

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Question 26

a. agglomeration b. aggregate c. collect d. heap

Answer. c. collect.

Agglomeration refers to aggregation of different parts/objects into a heap. Hence options a, b and d are closely related. Collect is the odd man out.

Question 27

a. tatting b. artwork c. lace d. handmade

Answer. b. artwork.

Tatting refers to an act of creating handmade lace. However, artwork is a general term which is not specific to tatting.Hence artwork is the odd one.

Question 28

Find the missing number in the sequence 3,3,9,_,33.

15

Consider the GP series 2,4,8,16,32. Alternatively add and subtract 1 from the terms, you will get the question sequence 3,3,9,15,33. Hence the answer is 15.

Question 29

Find the missing number in 1,5,_,65,211.

19

Consider two common GP sequences 3,9,27,81,243 and 2,4,8,16,32. By subtracting every term of second sequence from every term of first sequence in order we will get 1,5,19,65,211. Hence answer is 19.

Question 30

Find the missing number in 4,12,_,192.

48

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Consider the GP sequence 4,16,64,256. Subtract first term from second term, second term from third term and so on leaving the first term unaffected like this... 4,(16 - 4), (64 - 16), (256 - 64). By this, you will get the question sequence 4,12,48,192. Hence, answer is 48.

Question 31

You would had known about enumeration constants and data types. Are arithmetic operations permitted on enum data ?

Yes, in C arithmetic operations are possible on enum data as enum constants correspond to integer values which programmers can access.

Question 32

Can typedef keyword save programmers time in any respect? Will it reduce lines of code?

No, typedef will not reduce lines of code used. Hence it might not save coding time. However, it makes the code more readable and hence it indirectly saves programmers time during testing and debugging phases.

Question 33

Why do companies don't encourage developers to use multidimensional arrays that run into several dimensions (more than 2) or nested ifs that run into several levels in spite of the reduction in lines of code and programmer's effort ?

Companies always make an estimate of future rework if errors are detected at a later stage. Multidimensional arrays that run into several dimensions or nested ifs that run into several levels can actually require in depth analysis which would require more effort during debugging phases. Instead companies would go for simpler code though lines of code may be bit higher.

Question 34

Given the maximum number of members to parse for one full navigation from root member to any of the leaf of a binary tree, is it possible to measure the number of members in it ?

Yes, it is possible to calculate the number of members. Maximum number of members to parse for one full navigation from root member to any of the leaf of a binary tree is called height. If A is the height of the binary tree, then number of members is given by the formula 2^(A + 1) - 1.

Question 35

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You should be knowing that the memory requirements for arrays and linked lists are essentially the same. Then, why developers prefer linked lists over arrays when it comes to effecient usage of resources ?

Though memory requirements may be almost same, adding or removing member in linked is far easier without actually a necessity to shift other members. Hence, they effectively reduce total number of concerned memory management operations.

Question 36

Tell any one advantage and any one disadvantage of doubly linked lists compared to singly linked lists ?

Advantage : Doubly linked lists are far easier to work with dynamic data than singly linked lists.Disadvantage : They require more memory for storage which may not be desired especially if the number of members is too large.

Question 37

Consider a college students database. Every course is given a master table with child tables storing marks of students in different semesters. If a certain course A is reorganized and split into two courses B and C, will it be possible to altogether delete A without deleting its child tables ? Tell reasons for your answers ?

Table A can be deleted only after all its child tables are reorganized first. Else foreign key constraints won't allow the course A table to be deleted.

Question 38

There are databases which store dates as Unix timestamps. Will this affect date display format in presentation layer in any manner ?

No, as there are numerous functions both in SQL and business layer programming languages that can convert unix timestamp to be displayed in usual date formats.

Question 39

How views can save programmers effort? Do they affect any metric in particular ?

Complex queries are simplified using views and hence can save a lot of Lines of Code. Lines of Code is a very useful metric that reflects programmers efforts.

Question 40

Find the next pair in the sequence - AB CA FB JA

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Answer is OB.

Reason.

Consider the first terms of the sequence A,C,F,J... Here C is one next A, F is two next C, J is three next F and so on. Hence next alphabet would be O (which is four next J). Consider second terms B,A,B,A... Hence this is an alternating sequence of Bs and As. Hence next alphabet would be B.

Based on the above two statements, the answer is OB.

Question 41

Find the next pair of alphabets in the sequence - AB EC ID OE

Answer is UF.

Reason.

Consider the first terms of the sequence A,E,I,0... Have you seen this somewhere ? :). Yes, this is our good old sequence of vowels. Hence next vowel would be U.

Consider second terms B,C,D,E... This is a plain sequence of alphabets in order. Hence next one would be F. Combining above two statements answer is UF.

Question 42

Find the next alphabet in the sequence... A,Z,B,Y,_,X ?

Answer is C.

Reason

Consider the second, fourth and last alphabets. They are Z,Y and X which are the last three alphabets. Similarly consider the first and third terms - A and B. These are the first two alphabets. Hence logically the blank should be occupied by C which is the third alphabet from the start.

Question 43

Can you tell advantages of RDBMS over simple custom DBMS ?

Any data storage in any manageable structure can be called a DBMS. But, it is the responsibility of the programmer to maintain the data integrity and to take care of constraints. But on RDBMS, the system takes care of almost all of the data integrity requirements. Hence, the programmer could focus more on business logic rather than worrying about data integrity much.

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Question 44

Which is the layer of an Operating System that takes care of the system resource usage at the lowest level?

Answer is Kernel Layer.

Question 45

Can you tell any two advantages of stored procedures?

Stored procedures can replace complex program segments requiring extensive SQL statements being executed from the code, hence they can make the application more manageable. Another advantage is that the usage of stored procedures can significantly reduce the network and bandwidth usage. This is because of the reduction in the number of requests and responses between business layer and database layer.

Question 46

Pick the odd one out

a) Emulate b) alike c) follow d) simulate

Answer 1

Option d) simulate is the right answer. emulate means to follow or do things alike. However simulate has an altogether different meaning.

Question 47


a) wooliness b) wool c) rough d) friction

Answer 2

Answer b) wool. Wooliness actually means to be rough and not smooth. Hence options a, c and d have similar meanings and wool stands out.

Question 48


a) wordless b) excited c) shocked d) stammer

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Answer d) excitement. Wordless is a state where one is unable to speak. Generally this occurs as a result of shock, stammering or due to other similar reasons.

Question 49

Which of the following is not a quality of a daemon process?

a. get executed in background

b. should need user interaction while executing

c. could handle repetitive tasks

Daemons can run without user interaction in the background. Hence Answer is option b. should need user interaction while executing.

Question 50

Which is often a top priority of an embedded OS?

a) Efficient usage of resources b) Real time response c) Fault tolerance

Embedded Operating Systems generally are left with less resources to manage with. Hence the top priority will be an efficient usage of resources.

Question 51

Which of the following can prevent deadlocks?

a) Semaphores b) interrupts c) system calls

semaphores, as they can control the sequence in which a common resource is used.

Question 52

Which does not require a cloud computing where operating systems of different systems collaborate over a network?a) Unpredictable server traffic b) Rapidly growing data c) Computational Accuracy

Cloud computing can be used when huge computational power is required at a low cost. Hence they are used where traffic could raise beyond expected levels. Also, they can be used when data grows rapidly so

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that the data can be shared and stored across different computers. But computational accuracy demands more precision rather than the two cases discussed above. Hence Answer is c) Computational Accuracy.

Question 53

Everyone knows what is garbage collection. Now, can you guess what will happen if garbage collection is not performed?

Unused objects will keep important resources like allocated memory to themselves even when they are no longer in use. If this continues, during worst case scenarios JVM may become non functional.

Question 54

Consider two simple JAVA programs where input parameters for one of the programs depend upon the output of the other program. In such scenario, will multithreading help in improving performance?

No, multithreading will not help much as one of the programs cannot start before the other is complete.

Question 55

Consider two threads A and B operating on same global variable and if the order in which the global variable needs to be affected by one thread after the other is important (say A first followed by B), how you will you program the same?

Two threads need to synchronized so that B waits till A completes updating the shared variable

Question 56

Tell one good programming requirement that illustrates the fact that C is a strongly typed language ?

C involves variable declarations before their usage. This makes it clear that C is strongly typed.

Question 57

Consider a weather report application in C where any change in temperature by +- 2 degrees will be constantly reported to the system and the application should store the times of the day when these changes took place. Which is a better data structure to be used in this scenario - an array or a linked list ?

Linked List would handle dynamically growing data very well when compared to arrays. Hence it would be a better choice.

Question 58

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Can one use arrays to implement stacks or queues over linked lists ? Is it feasible ?

Thought linked lists are commonly used for implementing stacks or queues, with good programming logic, arrays can also be used to implement those. However, as you would expect, linked lists are far more efficient in this scenario.

Question 59

Say, you are deployed into coding an OOPS application. What would be your very first step after requirements gathering?

The very first step would be to design the entire application by identifying the classes needed. Also all the relationships between the classes should be decided in advance so that it can be followed by other stages like test plan preparation and coding.

Question 60

Does polymorphism reduce the program execution time?

No, polymorphism is for coder's benefit so that he can group similar functions with different functions based on different parameters. Execution wise one may not may not expect any benefit.

Question 61

Should test plan preparation precede or follow a coding phase in OOPS application design? Is the scenario is different when compared to non OOPS application design as well?

Generally test plan preparation would come before coding phase and testing would come after coding phase. This is true for all applications in general and not specifically limited to OOPS design.

Question 62

What is the name of the type of constructor used to construct an object from another object where the desired parent class is same ?

The type of constructor used to accomplish the task in question is called a "Copy Constructor".

Question 63

Tell any two major advantages in following SDLC methodologies in software application development ?

Following SDLC will help to deliver consistent solutions irrespective of the people working on it. Another advantage is that SDLC prevents most of the errors and possible reworks in earlier stages thus saving a lot of time.

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Question 64

Tell any two uses of a version control software ?

Version control software is really handy to rollback to earlier versions if any error is detected in the existing version. Also, this software is really useful to maintain the integrity of the code when several developers simultaneously work on same application.

Question 65

What are the two basic ways to start Windows Services?

Any windows service can be started and stopped manually as and when required. Other way is to configure to start automatically when windows OS is booting.

Question 66

Can windows users create custom services apart from the default services that ship with the operating systems ?

Yes, users can create and configure their own services for custom functions.

Question 67

It is mandatory for DLLs have a main function. Tell whether the statement is true.

The statement is False. DLL's don't have a mail function.

Question 68

Tell any one advantage of Java applets over ActiveX controls ?

JAVA applets are can executed on any java enabled application (for example, java enabled browser), however ActiveX is, as of date, is mostly limited to windows applications.

Question 69

Synonym

In spite of the efforts by that NGO, the villagers were --- to the changesa) unyielding b) recalcitrant c) reluctant d) repulsive

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Correct answer is b) recalcitrant. Recalcitrant means to be stubborn and opposing the changes.

Question 70

Synonym

During earlier times, majority of the people were under --- and hence their rights were suppressed beyond imagination.

a) superstition b) kings c) power d) tyranny

Correct answer is d) tyranny. Tyranny means dictatorship. All other options need not mean that people had suffered. For example, there could had been good kings.

Question 71

Synonym

During earlier times, most of the Kings were overthrown due to --- people in their own office.

a) powerless b) treacherous c) pretentious d) immoral

Correct answer is b) treacherous. Treacherous is to derail from being loyal.

Question 72

Can u tell a simple difference between candidate keys and primary key ?

Both candidate and primary keys uniquely identify a row in a table. However, only one can be chosen as primary key, while there can be many candidate keys.

Question 73

Is semicolon mandatory at the end of a block statement in C ?

No, semicolon is not essential at the end of a block statement. For example, consider a statement of the form if(x==5){...some statements...}In the above statement, there is no need for semicolon after the closing '}'.

Question 74

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Consider there are two programs written respectively using two algorithms A and B. Say A has a complexity of n^2 and the other has a complexity of n/2. Given the same number of inputs which would take longer time to run.

First program written using algorithm A will take longer time. Higher the order of complexity, longer the time taken for execution.

Question 75

How microcontroller is different from microprocessor with respect to hardware and memory requirements

Microcontroller, unlike microprocessor, is self contained with necessary hardware like I/O, memory etc embedded to it.

Question 76

If a shopkeeper accidentally sells a pen at double its actual selling price, his profit increases 4 fold. Then he realizes his mistake and sells other pens at their original selling price. Find his actual profit percentage.

let the original selling price be sp and the cost price be cp.

If he sells the pen at double the selling price, his new profit will be 2sp - cp.His actual profit should had been (sp - cp). But his accidental rising of the selling price resulted in a four fold increase of the original profit which is 4 X (sp - cp).

Hence, 2sp - cp = 4 X (sp - cp)Therefore sp = (3/2)cp.

Actual profit percentage = (sp - cp)/cp % = 50%

Question 77

Consider three brothers Ram, Ravi and Rahul. Consider Ram to be taller than Ravi by 10% and Rahul is taller than Ravi by 30%. Now, by how much percentage Rahul is taller than Ram.

Let heights of Ram, Ravi and Rahul be p,q and r respectively. Then as per the conditions given in the question :

p = 110/100r and q = 130/100r

Ratios of heights of q and r will be (130/100r)/(110/100r) = 13/11.

Hence Rahul will be 13/11% taller than that of Ram.

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Question 78

John swims in a river at an effective speed of 8 Kilometers/hr. The velocity of the stream against John is measured to be 2 Kilometers/hr. Now, how much his effective speed will increase when he swims in the direction of the stream.

Since John opposes the stream speed to achieve an effective speed of 8 Km/hr, original physical speed of John would be 8 + 2 = 10 Kilometers/hr. In downstream, if he swims with his original speed his effective speed will become 10 + 2 = 12 Kilometers/hr. This is 4 Kilometers/hr more than that of the initial effective speed 8 Kilometers/hr.

Hence his speed would increase by 4/8 % = 50%.

Question 79

Supreme court can oversee every case it feels is critical and is of national interest. State True or False.

False. According to the last line of the passage, the court can monitor only on direction by the parliament.

Question 80

Which appears to be the most powerful body of the three among parliament, CBI and Supreme Court ?

Based on the passage, Parliament seems to be the most powerful body as it has to direct the Supreme Court which in turn can direct CBI.

Question 81

Should all the critical cases necessarily be monitored by Supreme Court ?

No, it is optional and only if parliament directs supreme court to monitor, the court can do so.

Question 82

Illiteracy and superstitious beliefs often leads to ----- problems and it is really difficult to convince stubborn people.

Options a) obstinate b) obvious c) chronic

Option a) obstinate. This fits the blank in the context that it is really difficult to explain to stubborn people.

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Question 83

It has taken a number of years since Independence to ---- women and this has resulted in women holding high positions literally in every professional field.

Options a) emancipate b) educate c) free

Option a) emancipate is the correct answer. 'To emancipate' means to free from social constraints. Hence it fits better than 'option c) free'.

Question 85

The governing board of that leading company refused to ---- exact loss figures inspite of losses being high.

Option a) explain b) divulge c) unravel

Option b) divulge is the correct answer. divulge is to make things public. Though the third option c) unravel is very similar in meaning to divulge, generally the term 'divulge' is used in such contexts.

Question 86

Pick the option which is conceptually different from the others in the context of server maintenance :a) RAID b) Mirroring c) Chassis Swapping d) Fire Wall

Option d) Firewall. RAID, Mirroring and Chassis Swapping deal with data tolerance and data recovery mechanisms within the same server/network whereas Firewall is aimed at blocking harmful intrusions from external networks.

Question 87

Pick the odd option in the context of protocols used in computer networksa) FTP b) NTP c) SFTP

Option b) NTP (Network Time Protocol) is the correct answer and this protocol deals with clock synchronization in computer networks. Both the other options FTP (File Transfer Protocol) and SFTP (Secured File Transfer Protocol) deal with file transfers.

Question 88

Pick the option which is conceptually different in the context of server resources.a) Bandwidth Limit b) Bit Rate Limit c) Download Limit d) RAM Limit

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Option d) RAM Limit is the correct answer. All the other three options namely Bandwidth, Bit Rate and Download limits are closely interrelated. For example if bit rate increases bandwidth increases. Also if download increases bandwidth consumption increases.

Question 89

Consider the following three statements. P is shorter than R, Q is taller than R, S is taller than Q. Based on the above statements, state which of the following is true.

a) S is the tallest of all b) R is taller than S c) None of the above

Option a) S is the tallest of all, is the correct answer. The second option is not true because S is taller than Q who in turn is taller than R.

Question 90

Ravi describes his relationship with Raju as follows. "Raju is the eldest son of his grand father's only daughter in law". So, how Raju is related to Ravi?

a) elder brother b) brother in law c) younger brother

Option a) is the right answer. Ravi's grandfather's only daughter in law has to be Ravi's mother. Hence, the eldest son of Ravi's mother should be his elder brother.

Question 91

Say a C union has two members one requiring 2 bytes of memory and the other requiring 4 bytes of memory? What would be the memory allocated to this data type ?

a) 4 bytes b) 2 bytes c) 6 bytes

Option a) 4 bytes is the right answer. Union memory allocation is based on the member that occupies the maximum data size. Hence the answer would be 4 bytes.

Question 92

Tell how function overloading saves programmer's efforts ?

Function overloading, where different functions exist with the same name but different signatures plays its part in redundant function names when there more than one function performing logically the same operation but with different number and types of parameters as per the requirement. Hence the readability of the code is significantly improved.

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Question 93

What is multiple inheritance? Does JAVA support it?

A same class inheriting from more than one parent class is alled as multiple inheritance. No JAVA does not support it.

Question 94

Do you know why OOPS application design is called as a "realistic" approach ?

In OOPS generlly the programmers treat objects as simulated models of real world entities. This gives makes the entire application to depict some kind of real life scenario. Hence programmers refer to OOPS application design to be realistic.

Question 95

Can you explain CRON jobs that are widely used in Linux environment ?

CRON jobs are automated tasks that are scheduled to run periodically in the background.

Question 96

Can you tell the simple difference between multiprogramming and multithreading ?

Multiprogramming denotes several programs being run concurrently by the OS. On the other hand, multithreading implies several threads from same program running concurrently.

Question 97

Say a program is waiting for I/O read from a disc. After the read is complete, how is the OS intimated that the read operation is complete?

Interrupts intimate the OS that the disc read is complete and OS can proceed executing the program.

Question 98

Tell how OS patches play an important role in maintaining the security levels of already installed operating systems ?

Generally, OS producing companies constantly keep a watch on new security threats and vulnerabilities. As a consequence, they keep releasing OS patches to address growing security needs. Thus already installed operating systems can ensure that they are always safe.

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Question 99

Why there is a widespread usage of Unicode encoding when compared to ASCII encoding ?

Unicode can be used for 16 bit or 32 bit encoding as against ASCII which is a 8 bit one. Hence the number of characters that can be represented by Unicode is huge (of the order of 2 power 16). This also has made unicode to be used for several global languages other than English. This flexibility has resulted in larger usage of unicode.

Question 100

Why J2EE is reduced to few classes in the form of J2ME when used in mobile devices ?

Mobile devices have serious limitations in memory and hardware capabilities. This is the reason for light weight versions of J2EE in the form of J2ME.

Question 101

Tell one relative advantage and disadvantage of proprietary technologies as against open source technologies ?

proprietary technologies are generally well supported by the firms producing those. This is a significant advantage they have over open source technologies. On the other hand, the source code will not be available like open source, which reduces the flexibility in usage.

Question 102

Find the missing number in 0,4,5,11,_

Answer is 14. Whenever you find a sequence like 0,4,5,11 with hardly any relation between adjacent numbers, it is a wiser to try adding and subtracting small numbers like 1 or 2 to all numbers. Now, alternatively adding 1 and subtracting 1 from each number of the sequence we get 1,3,6,10. This sequence has got a pattern!!!. The first digit "1" is the sum of first "1" natural numbers, the second digit "3" is the sum of first "2" natural numbers, the second digit "6" is the sum of first "3" natural numbers and so on.

Hence the final digit in the modified sequence would be 15 which is the sum of first 5 natural numbers. We need to subtract 1 from 15 so that it fits the sequence in question. Hence the answer is 14.

Note : This is one of the methods to solve this question. You could try other methods as well.

Question 103

Find the missing number in the sequence 1,5,7,17,_

S. TULASI PRASAD

Just like question 1, this time let us start by adding and subtracting "1" alternatively from the numbers. Then we get, 2,4,8,16,_ . This has a pattern!!. Yes this is Geometric Progression with a ratio of 2. Hence the final digit would be 32. NOW subtracting 1 to this number we get 31, which is the correct answer.

Question 104

Find the missing number in the sequence 0,2,1,4,_

Just like previous questions start by adding and subtracting "1" to the alternative numbers. We get 1,1,2,3,_ . Now, this is our famous good old Fibonacci Series!!!. Hence the final digit would be 5. Now we can fit this to the original sequence by subtracting "1" from "5". Hence correct answer is "4"

Question 105

----- is a C file function that can be used to indicate the current position of a stream while reading with a function like fread.

ftell is the function the function that gives the current position. For example, if fread has read 100 bytes in a string, ftell will give an output of 100 indicating the current position.

Question 106

Which is the function that can be used to test if a given character (input argument) is a hexadecimal digit?

int isxdigit(int c) returns a non zero value if c is a hexadecimal digit.

Question 107

Which is the data structure that is used in UNIX, that stores all essential information like access mode, type etc.?

inode is the UNIX data structure that is responsible for storing file metadata.

Question 108

Almost all UNIX operating systems are POSIX compliant. POSIX, as you know, indicates a set of standards for OS vendors to follow which eases the use of cross platform applications on all Operating Systems following POSIX. What is the expansion for POSIX ?

POSIX stands for "Portable Operating System Interface".

Question 109

Can you say few differences between Unicode character encoding and that of ASCII.

S. TULASI PRASAD

Unicode uses 16 bits to encode characters and symbols whereas ASCII uses only 8 bits. Unicode has become a universal standard due to the fact that they can represent far great letters than ASCII. Unicode can be used hassle free to encode several regional languages other than English.

Question 110

With reference to DBMS like Oracle or Sybase, can you tell the differences between shared and exclusive locks ?

Multiple transactions use shared locks during database read operations (SELECT Queries) as no data modification is involved. However if a transaction wants to change value of column/columns in single or multiple rows, it acquires an exclusive lock which will not be open to other transactions simultaneously.

Question 111

Can you tell the primary difference between applets and conventional web applications ?

Applet is a program that would be downloaded to browser and run on local CPU whereas web applications get executed on server.

Question 112

In the context of memory management schemes, can you tell a primary difference between swapping and paging?

Paging refers to writing and reading individual pages (fixed size) of a program to secondary memory (during program execution). Swapping refers to swap an entire program with another in secondary memory during heavy resource utilization

Question 113

Weather in India often changes unpredictably and suddenly. Its mere -------- .Options : a) caprice b) spontaneity c) randomness

option a) caprice. Caprice means sudden changes that are unmotivated. Though randomness is yet another close match, caprice is widely used when talking about weather. Hence it wins the race.

Question 114

The cases of economic recession immediately -------- a panic among most countrymen.

Options : a) catalyzed b) instigated c) spread

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Option b) instigated. Instigated means being provoked. Hence it closely falls in context with the given sentence and fits perfectly.

Question 115

Though the petitioner was bit reluctant, he had to ---- with the judgement as it was the apex court.Options : a) reject b) concur c) acquiesce

Option b) acquiesce. Acquiesce means to agree with a bit of reluctance. Hence it suits the blank perfectly well.

Question 116

What is the technical term used to denote the problem of a program failing to release the consumed memory back to other programs ?

Memory Leakage is the technical term used to denote the problem in question.

Question 117

Can you tell the primary difference between two static and dynamic testing methods ?

Static testing is basically a passive testing when program is not run. One may check algorithm, program logic etc. Dynamic testing is done by executing the program for different inputs.

Question 118

Name any two implementations of SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle)

Waterfall model and prototyping can be considered as few real time implementations of SDLC.

Question 119

Which of the following program structure/component/statement is not an example for implementation of modularization ?

Options : a) DLL b) Functions c) type casting

Option c) type casting. DLL and Functions help in modularization of a program while typecasting just converts from one data type to another.

S. TULASI PRASAD

Question 120

Can a program be invoked from another program ? If yes, how it can be done ?

Yes, a program can invoke another program using system calls.

Question 121

Most of you would be knowing "Register" variables are the ones stored in CPU for faster access. Is there a crude way to determine data size for register variables.

Yes, generally the size would be less than or equal to integer data size. There are exceptions too.

Question 122

Is it necessary to use register modifier on all compilers irrespective of whether they are old or modern ones?

No, compilers nowadays are intelligent enough to decide which variables need to be kept in CPU registers depending upon the estimated usage.

Question 123

Find the missing number in the sequence 2,5,4,7,_Options a) 6 b) 4 c) 5 d) 7

Answer is option a) 6. Just consider the sequence 3,4,5,6,7 and start subtracting and adding 1 to consecutive numbers which will get you the sequence in question.

Question 124

In an alien planet, the word "lion" is coded as "mhpm". Then how the word "tiger" would be coded as ?Options a) uhids b) uhhds c) uhhfs d) uhhfq

Answer is option b) uhhds.Reason : First letter in a word would be replaced by the next adjacent letter. Second letter would be replaced by the immediately preceding letter... and so on.

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Question 125

Find the odd man out a) 123 b) 235 c) 135 d) 358

Correct answer is option c) 135. Adding first two digits will give the third digit in all the other three options except option c).

Question 126

Read the following statements.

"Weather is good in all northern cities of India.Unlike northern cities, sunny weather exists in most of eastern cities of India.Warm weather exists in all northern cities and some eastern cities of India."

Considering above statements, which of the following statements is false

a) Warm weather is considered good.b) All eastern cities experience bad weatherc) Some eastern cities experience good weather

Option b) All eastern cities experience bad weather is false. This is because, the second statement clearly states that warm (good) weather prevails in some eastern cities.

Question 127

Pick the odd man out.a) RAM b) Flash Memory c) Hard Disc d) Floppy

Option a) RAM. RAM or Random Access Memory is volatile while all the other options are non volatile.

Question 129

Pick the odd man outa) LLC Layer b) Application Layer c) MAC Layer d) Data Link Layer

Option b) Application Layer. LLC and MAC are sub layers of Data Link Layer. Hence those three are closely related while Application Layer stands out.

Question 130

Pick the odd man outa) Preprocessor b) Header File c) Macros d) Compiler

S. TULASI PRASAD

Option d) Compiler. Preprocessor commands can be issued to include Header Files and Macros even before compilation. Hence Preprocessor, Header File and Macros can be treated to be closely related.

Question 131

Pick The Odd Man Outa) JAVA b) Structures c) Unions d) C++

Question 132

Consider a string variable stroriginal holding a string value in its memory. Consider the following lines of C code.strcpy(strdummy,stroriginal);strreversed = strrev(strdummy);

If stroriginal is a palindrome which of the following statements is true.

a) strcmp(stroriginal,strreversed) is 0b) strcmp(stroriginal,strrev(strreversed)) is 1c) strcmp(stroriginal,strreversed) is 1

Option a) is the right answer. If the string is a palindrome the strcmp will return 0 while comparing the original and the reversed string.

Question 133

Consider the following lines of C code :

int i,j,summ,lim;i=0;j=1;for(lim = 1; lim <= 10; lim++){summ = j + i;i = j;j = sum;printf("%d",summ);}

What kind of sequence the above code will generate ?

a) Even Numbersb) Arithmetic Progressionc) Fibonacci Series

S. TULASI PRASAD

The above code would generate option c) Fibonacci Series

Question 134

State True or False. Recursion Type Programming can be used to generate Fibonacci series in C

True. Fibonacci series can be generated by recursion programming.

Question 136

Tell at least two uses of NORMALIZATION in designing tables and other structures in a database ?

Normalization ensures that a) there is no redundant data storage and b) data dependencies across tables (foreign keys) are suitable for the level of concurrency.

Question 137

How Databases handle concurrent SQL operations on same row of a table?

Concurrent operations are handled by the use of "Locks". To be more clear, if one sql query is updating (INSERT/UPDATE) a particular row of a table, no other sql query would be able to update the same row at same point in time. However other sql queries can read (SELECT) columns from the row under updation.

Question 138

What is the simple difference between stack and queue type data structures?

Stack operates in a Last In First Out (LIFO) fashion while Queue operates in a First In First Out fashion (FIFO).

Question 139

Can you tell real life examples for stack and queue?

Plates arranged one over the other in hotel is an example for stack. Plate that was placed last on top will be the first one to be removed from the stack.

Queue in billing section of stores is an example for queue.

Question 140

Why RDBMS vendors need to care about JDBC specifications ?

S. TULASI PRASAD

JDBC stands for Java Database Connectivity. Its a set of classes, interfaces and other api components with which JAVA applications can interact with databases. Hence for any RDBMS to work well with JAVA applications, it is essential that they adhere to JDBC specifications, else their product cannot be used with JAVA applications.

Question 141

When two program parts run concurrently without one waiting for the next one for some kind of input, what are thse parts with independent execution paths within a program are called as? Also, by what generic name we can call such program?

Those program parts are called threads. The program is called multi-threaded program.

Question 142

Can abstract class be used without inheriting?

No, abstract classes cannot be used by creating instances directly. They need to be inherited before usage.

Question 143

What is the process of working with remote objects by issuing function calls as if the object is within the same JVM is called as ?

RMI or Remote Method Invocation. This is the process by which remote object's functions can be invoked as if they are present in the same JVM.

Question 144

Can a single JAVA process contain more than one threads executing concurrently ?

Yes, it is possible. This is how multi-threading works.

What are macros and why they are used ?

In programming terms, macros can be defined as short statements that are actually expanded into lengthier set of statements during execution.

Macros in C save a lot of programming time (though there is no direct impact on execution time.)

Question 145

What is typecasting ?

S. TULASI PRASAD

In C programs involving arithmetic expressions, often need arises to convert a variable/expression of one data type to another. This process is called typecasting.

Question 146

In C functions, what is the easiest way to pass arrays as arguments ?

Passing by reference is the easiest way to pass arrays as arguments in C functions.

Question 147

What does void keyword implies when used to the left of function name in function definitions ?

void to the left of function name in function definition indicates that function will not return a value.

Question 148

1) A bookseller sells a particular novel at 10% discount on the labeled price. Also he is so generous that he gives a free book for every 15 books for wholesale buyers. In this transaction his gain is 35%. Then find the ratio of Ratio of Labeled Price to the actual CP.

Lets assume the CP of each book be 100. Hence CP of 16 books would be 1600. SP of 15 books = 1600 + (1600 * 35/100) = 2160.SP of each book would be 2160/15 = 144.If SP of each book is 90, labeled price would be 100 (since he gives at a 10% discount).Hence if SP is 144 marked price would be 144*(100/90) = 160.Ratio of Labeled Price to the actual CP = 160/100 = 8/5.

Question 149

2) If a pen is being sold at 4% profit instead of 4% loss the actual profit is Rs 16. What is the actual cost price of the pen ?

Let x be the CP.

(104/100)x - (96/100)x = 16

Solving we get x = Rs.200.

Question 150

3) A cake seller sells one cake at a profit of 10% and sells another at a loss of 5%. Let the ratio of the CPs of the cakes is 2:3 respectively. Find his net profit or loss percentage.

S. TULASI PRASAD

Let the CPs of the cakes be 2x and 3x (so that they are in the ration 2:3 as per the question.)

Hence net CP = 5x.

SP of first cake = (110/100)*2x = 220x/100

SP of second cake = (95/100)*3x = 285x/100

Net SP = (220x/100) + (285x/100) = 505x/100 = 5.05x.

SP is greater than CP and his profit is 5.05x - 5x = .05x.

His profit percentage = (.05x/5x)% = .01%.

S. TULASI PRASAD

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