CATALYSING CIVIL SOCIETY ACTION TO DELIVER SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FOR ALL IN KENYA

PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRSTNATIONAL WORKSHOP HELD AT WATER BUCK HOTEL - NAKURU

FROM DECEMBER 13TH TO 14TH 2012

BySCODE | Hivos | Practical Action |

Executive summary

Introduction: In September 2011, the United Nations Secretary General launched the Sustainable Energy for All (SE4ALL) initiative, a multi-stakeholder partnership between governments, the private sector and civil society. The main aim of the initiative is to achieve Energy for ALL by 2030, with three main targets: attain universal access to modern energy services, double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency and double the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix by 2030. As the initiative progresses into national implementation plans, it is necessary that poor men and women’s energy needs are seen as a priority and the civil society is fully engaged in shaping and implementing the plans. A two day’s workshop was held on 13 th and 14th December 2012 in Nakuru to initiate the process of catalyzing civil society action to deliver sustainable energy for all in Kenya by 2030.

Workshop objectives: The main objectives of the workshop were to:

Share insight on the current status of SE4ALL at international, regional and national level,

Analyse the policy environment at the national level, Formulate and agree on joint objectives, actions and process to influence the National

Implementation Plan (NIP) in tandem with the government led GAP analysis, Generate a series of recommendations to share with the new SE4ALL National

Secretariat to encourage meaningful civil society engagement, Develop a plan of activities to increase civil society awareness and engagement with

the issue of energy access, and plan further national coordination activities.

Approach: The workshop was attended by 39 participants from 30 Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) from 15 Counties, and the Principal Renewable Energy Officer from the Ministry of Energy, Kenya. Six presentations were made by three institutions that are key in the SE4ALL process. These are Ministry of Energy, Sustainable Community Development Services (SCODE) and Practical Action. Participants were divided into three groups that reviewed the gap analysis on the 3 target areas of SE4ALL initiative: access, efficiency and the renewables.. The groups were also tasked to formulate a national CSO action plan and a strategy for implementing the same. Groups presented results of their discussions followed by plenary sessions for every presentation. A session was also held on the formation of a national CSO Energy Forum and County Focal Points as detailed in section 11 of this report. A workshop evaluation was conducted at the end of the two day workshop and the views were as reported in section 12 of this report. Participants agreed on a joint civil society statement on SE4ALL (the Waterbuck Declaration - see appendix 5).

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Recommendations: The workshop recommended that:

The two page declaration prepared by the participants should be signed by all the CSOs represented in the workshop and delivered to the Ministry of Energy, East African Community, African Union and the United Nations as soon as possible.

The Kenyan CSOs should engage in the SE4ALL process through the Kenya SE4ALL CSO Forum that was created consisting of five Thematic Groups that include: Linkage and Liaison, Advocacy and Lobbying, Resource Mobilization, Community Mobilization and Outreach, and Capacity Building.

Five different CSOs should take leadership for the five themes as indicated in the report.

The five thematic lead organizations should form the National CSOs Secretariat housed and coordinated by SCODE.

SCODE should convene the Kenya SE4ALL Civil Society Energy Forum before end of January 2013.

The National Secretariat should formulate TORs for the five thematic groups and the County Focal Points.

The County Focal Points should identify and prepare a data base for all the energy based CSOs in their respective Counties and also forward the same to the national secretariat for record.

The Ministry should provide for sufficient representation of CSOs in the National SE4ALL Task Force.

Overall, participants appreciated all the presentations as very informative. The gap analysis by government was reported as a good effort but should be revised to include the aspects/gaps identified by the groups as detailed in this workshop report. They include mainly incorporation of hard data that can contribute to attracting the required resources for attaining SE4ALL. The participants agreed that the Civil society should collaborate very closely with the Ministry of Energy in implementing the SE4ALL initiative with each entity maximizing on their comparative advantages. Thus the Ministry of Energy should provide leadership in formulating appropriate policies, legislations, allocating sufficient resources to pro-poor energy projects and ensuring a favourable policy environment for investment by the private sector.

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Kenya Civil Society Declaration on SE4ALLWe, Civil Society Organisations working in Kenya, having met in Nakuru, Kenya from 13 -14th December 2012, reaffirm the urgent need to scale up the wide range of sustainable energy programmes in the country to contribute to meeting the enormous challenge of widening access to modern energy services for the unreached and underserved, with special emphasis on women and children, to truly transform the energy access in Kenya.

We recognise The UN Sustainable Energy for All Initiative as a global force forcatalysing the efforts of various stakeholders around achieving Energy for All by2030: setting targets around Universal Energy Access, Renewables and EnergyEfficiency. In this regard, we applaud the commitment of the government of Kenya to carry out a ‘Gaps Analysis’ and subsequently develop a ‘National Implementation Plan’ in line with the Sustainable Energy for All initiative.

We further recognise the various broader regional and global energy accessinitiatives such as the East Africa community regional access strategy; Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves; Rio+ 20 Conference and the 2012 International year for sustainable energy for all. We also acknowledge efforts of the broader Climate adaptation and mitigation community, and the associated policy processes such as the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

We recognise that achievement of Universal Energy Access will require moresupportive policies, increased financing, and greater participation of CSOs atnational, regional and international levels. We are committed to translating thesenational and global objectives to widen access to modern energy services to tangible action on the ground, in partnership with all stakeholders, locally, nationally, regionally and internationally.

We call on the Government of Kenya to:Increase their support to the development and effective implementation of energy policies and regulations and provide financing for pro-poor sustainable energy, and commit to implementation plans that include:

Targets, including numbers of people, and the quantity /quality of energy, for

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households, enterprises/productive uses and community services (at least health, education, water pumping, street lighting and local government) in the following areas:

Electricity (from on or off-grid sources)Clean cooking (consideration of fuels, stoves and indoor air pollution)Mechanical power – particularly relevant for agro-production/ processing, andsmall-scale manufacturing

Milestones towards the achievement of energy access, efficiency and renewable targets that can be monitored by all, including civil society.

Continue to champion the cause of gender mainstreaming in the planning and implementation of SE4ALL initiatives.

Clear strategies and plans to ensure universal access to energy for households, enterprises and community services.

A plan for finance, investments, subsidies and incentives that will support theachievement of universal energy access addressing the needs of energy suppliers and consumers and adequately reflecting the need for decentralised options. This should include the division of financing between grid and off-grid that will be required to achieve the targets.

Review of subsidies; supporting renewable energy and energy access and efficiency for the poor in addition to fossil fuels use.

Inclusion of support to decentralized and renewable energy entrepreneurs including production, operation and maintenance and job creation.

A plan for building the capacity of a range of energy actors including thegovernment, private sector, civil society, small enterprises, households/users, academia.

A plan for multi-stakeholder monitoring and evaluation, and use of tracking systems which are essential in the implementation of the SE4ALL initiative,

Consultation with private sector and civil society as part of the strategy for how the plan will be rolled out with civil society being recognised as central to design and delivery of sustainable energy for all.

Plans to integrate with other sectors and policies such as environment, agriculture, natural resource management, health etc.

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We call upon member states of the East African Community and the African Union to:

Devise innovative means to finance energy projects and create a conduciveenvironment to attract investment from both private and private/public partnerships to the energy sector.

We call upon international development partners to develop finance mechanisms that are responsive to Africa’s sustainable energy needs.

SignedHerbert Orwa

EPADA

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Table of contents

Executive summary....................................................................................................................2Table of contents........................................................................................................................7Acronyms...................................................................................................................................91.0 Introduction........................................................................................................................102.0 Workshop objectives..........................................................................................................103.0 Participants and represented counties................................................................................114.0 Participants’ summarised expectations..............................................................................115.0 Opening remarks................................................................................................................116.0 SE4ALL Kenya Process: Stocktaking and gap analysis of the energy sector in Kenya....12

6.2 Plenary discussion of the MOE presentation.................................................................167.0 Catalyzing civil society action to deliver sustainable energy for all..................................18

7.1 SCODE presentation......................................................................................................187.1.1 East Africa civil society organizations energy advocacy project............................187.1.2 East Africa Energy Technology Development Network Focal Points....................187.1.3 Objectives of the project.........................................................................................187.1.4 Expected outcomes..................................................................................................19

7.2 Plenary discussion..........................................................................................................198.0 Overview of the SE4ALL process.....................................................................................19

8.1 Overview of the SE4ALL process presentation.............................................................198.2 Plenary discussion..........................................................................................................21

9.0 Review of the Kenya gap analysis.....................................................................................229.1 Group 1 – Energy Access Gaps......................................................................................22

9.1.1 Electricity connectivity, use and general access gaps.............................................229.1.2 Access gaps liquid petroleum gas (LPG)................................................................239.1.3 Biogas energy gaps..................................................................................................239.1.4 Solar energy gaps....................................................................................................249.1.5 Biomass energy gaps...............................................................................................249.1.6 Biofuels’ access gaps..............................................................................................249.1.7 Fossil fuels (petroleum) access gaps.......................................................................249.1.8 Overall challenges of access to energy...................................................................25

9.2 - Group 2 - Report on energy efficiency gaps................................................................259.2.1- Efficiency gaps of biomass energy........................................................................259.2.2 – Efficiency gaps of electricity................................................................................259.2.3 – Efficiency gaps of solar thermal energy...............................................................259.2.4 – Efficiency gaps of solar photovoltaic energy.......................................................269.2.5 - Efficiency gaps of the petroleum sub-sector.........................................................26

9.3 Group 3 - Report on renewable energy gaps..................................................................269.3.1 – Hydro energy gaps...............................................................................................269.3.2 – Biomass energy gaps............................................................................................269.3.3 – Wind energy gaps.................................................................................................269.3.4 - Solar energy gaps..................................................................................................269.3.5 – Biogas energy gaps...............................................................................................269.3.6 – Biofuels energy gaps............................................................................................273.7 - Geothermal energy gaps..........................................................................................27

10.0 National advocacy strategy..............................................................................................2710.1 Guidelines on action plan preparation..........................................................................27

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10.2 National action plan for Kenya civil society engagement............................................2810.3 Plenary discussion on national CSOs strategy.............................................................3010.4 CSO National advocacy strategy - group discussions..................................................31

10.4.1 Group I report on policy issues and opportunities................................................3110. 4. 2 - Plenary discussion on group I presentation on policy issues and opportunities..........................................................................................................................................3110.4.3 - Group II report presentation on advocacy actions..............................................3210.4.4 - Plenary discussion on group 2 presentation on advocacy actions......................3210.4.5 – Group III report on mobilization........................................................................3310.4.6 - Plenary discussion on group III presentation on mobilization............................33

11.0 SE4ALL national CSO structures and coordination........................................................3411.1 Thematic areas of engagement.....................................................................................3411.2 Convening organizations..............................................................................................3611.3 Volunteer CSOs by theme............................................................................................36

11.3.1 - Mobilization & Outreach....................................................................................3611.3.2 - Linkage & Liaison..............................................................................................3711.3.3 - Resource Mobilization........................................................................................3711.3.4 - Capacity Building...............................................................................................38

11.4 Statement on the SE4ALL National Implementation Plan..........................................3812.0 Workshop evaluation summary........................................................................................3913.0 Appendices.......................................................................................................................41

Appendix 1 - Workshop programme....................................................................................41Appendix 2 – Participants’ expectation...............................................................................42Appendix 3 - SE4ALL Kenya Process - Stock taking and gap analysis of the energy sector..............................................................................................................................................43Appendix 4 - Guidelines on action plan preparation............................................................47Appendix 5 – Kenya civil society declaration on SE4ALL.................................................49Appendix 6 – Members of the gap analysis and CSOs strategy formulation groups...........52Appendix 7 - County focal points........................................................................................52Appendix 8 - Other energy related CSOs in the counties to be contacted...........................53Appendix 9 – Workshop evaluation summary.....................................................................55Appendix 10 - List of participants: Kenya SE4ALL national workshop.............................57

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Acronyms

ADO Abalekhwa Development OrganizationBAF Business Advocacy FundICS International Cook stoves StandardsCDF Community Development FundCSOs Civil Society OrganizationsEACSOEAP East Africa Civil Society Organizations Energy Advocacy

Project EAETDN-U East Africa Energy Technology Development NetworkERC Energy Regulatory CommissionGACC Global Allicance for Clean CookstovesGOK Government of KenyaISAK Improved Stoves Association of KenyaKCCA Kenya Clean Cook Stoves AllianceKCCWG Kenya Climate Change Working GroupMOE Ministry of EnergyNEPAD New Partnership for African DevelopmentNGOs Non-Governmental OrganizationsNIP National Implementation PlanPA Practical ActionPA-EA Practical Action East AfricaPMSD Participatory Market Systems Development RE Renewable EnergySCODE Sustainable Community Development ServicesSE4ALL Sustainable Energy for AllTATEDO Tanzania Traditional Energy Development OrganizationUN United NationsUNDP United Nations Development Programme US-EMBASSY United States of America EmbassyVEP Visionary Empowerment Programme

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1.0 Introduction

In September 2011, the United Nations Secretary General launched the Sustainable Energy for All (SE4ALL) initiative. This is a multi-stakeholder partnership between governments, the private sector and civil society. Sustainable Energy For All has three inter-linked objectives to be achieved by 2030. These are to:

Ensure universal access to modern energy services Double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency and Double the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix

This UN-led Sustainable Energy for All (SE4ALL) Initiative is now entering its second year, and for the first time, has a focus on national level engagement . At present, 62 countries have joined the initiative, tens of billions of dollars have been mobilized to advance the initiative’s three objectives, and more than 150 specific commitments have been made by governments, donors, private sector and civil society organizations to support the initiative. Current commitments to support energy access will provide more than one billion people access to modern energy services, a number that is set to increase as additional public-private partnerships are formed. Kenya is among the 62 countries that have ‘opted in’ to SE4ALL. Each ‘opted in’ country has been tasked to develop a ‘National SE4ALL Implementation Plan’, by September 2013. Since these National Implementation Plans will define how energy access is delivered over the next decade and beyond it is crucial that:

Poor men and women’s energy needs are seen as a priority and The civil society is fully engaged in shaping and implementing the plans

Without sufficient proactive efforts now, it is unlikely that either of these points will be reflected in the SE4ALL process as it moves forward. SCODE, HIVOS and PRACTICAL ACTION organized a two days’ national workshop bringing together 25 civil society energy access representatives from across the country to deliberate on the above identified issues as specified in section two below. (insert regional workshop background here)

2.0 Workshop objectives

The objectives of the national workshop were to:

share insight on the current status of SE4ALL at international, regional and national level,

analyse the policy environment at the national level,

formulate and agree on joint objectives, actions and process to influence the National Implementation Plan (NIP) in tandem with the government led GAP analysis,

generate a series of recommendations to share with the new SE4ALL National Secretariat to encourage meaningful civil society engagement,

develop a plan of activities to increase civil society awareness and engagement with the issue of energy access, and

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plan further national coordination activities.

3.0 Participants and represented counties

The national workshop was held at Waterbuck Hotel in Nakuru on December 13 th and 14th, 2012. A total of 39 participants were present. Among them were Mr. John Maina, the Principal Renewable Energy Officer in the Ministry of Energy. The other participants were from 30 civil society organizations representing 15 counties that include: Bungoma, Garissa, Kajiado, Kakamega, Kiambu, Kisumu, Laikipia, Machakos, Muranga, Nairobi, Nakuru, Nyandarua, Nyeri, Siaya and Taita Taveta as detailed in Appendix 2.

4.0 Participants’ summarised expectations

Participants were requested to indicate their expectations from the workshop. The expectations given covered five themes as indicated in Table 1

Table 1 – Summary of participants expectationsNo. Type of expectation Frequency Proportion

(%)1 Learn more about SE4ALL initiative 11 36

2 Networking on different energy issues 10 32

3 Come up with a National Action Plan on how CSOs will engage effectively with SE4ALL led by the National Government and the UN

5 16

4 Understand the government of Kenya plans and strategies on green energy access by communities and the available support from the government and other partners to organizations promoting renewable energy

3 10

5 To learn new approaches for Civil Society advocacy engagement and come up with a CSOs’ statement on SE4ALL directed to the Ministry of Energy

2 6

Total 31 100

5.0 Opening remarks

Mr. John Maina, the Principal Renewable Energy Officer in the Ministry of Energy made the opening remarks. He thanked the organizers of the workshop for bringing together a high level group of CSOs to deliberate on very important matters of developing the energy sector. He appreciated the role of the Civil Society in contributing to national development, in particular, the SE4ALL initiative. He indicated that the Ministry of Energy has already started working with the CSOs and will continue doing so to achieve the three objectives of the SE4ALL initiative. He noted the fact that the Civil Society is spread in the country up to the grass roots and can greatly compliment government efforts in implementing national energy policy particularly in data collection, awareness creation, technology dissemination

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piloting and evaluation of technology implementation efforts. He however, cautioned CSOs to avoid confrontational approaches in engaging with other stakeholders and instead adopt collaborative engagements that amplify and speed up development.

6.0 SE4ALL Kenya Process: Stocktaking and gap analysis of the energy sector in Kenya by John K. Maina and Faith Odongo: Ministry of Energy Kenya

The Ministry of Energy was represented by John Maina, The Principal Renewable Energy Officer. He took participants through what the Ministry has done so far concerning policies, legislations, regulations, energy resource assessment, feasibility studies, current projects and achievements to date and the way forward as far as SE4ALL is concerned. He also highlighted areas in which CSOs can participate actively. The details are as summarized in Table 1 and appendix 3.

Table 2 – Summary of Ministry of Energy achievements and way forward on SE4ALL

Energy component AchievementsPolicy, legislation and regulations

Participants were informed that the Energy Policy, 2004 and Energy Act, 2006 are currently being reviewed. Among the new aspects to be included in the revised policy are the liberalization of the electric power sector and the Feed-in Tariffs policy to facilitate increased private sector participation. Three sub-sectoral regulations on solar water heating, energy management and ethanol blending are also being formulated. The CSOs are encouraged to participate at this stage of policy and legislative review and also formulation of the rules so that their inputs are captured before the various policies, legislations and regulations are finalized.

Energy resource assessment

On energy resource assessment, the ministry has upgraded the High Resolution Solar & Wind Resource Atlas and conducted feasibility studies on small hydro-power and cogeneration. Geothermal and petroleum resource assessment has also been completed. CSOs can use the atlas to develop and implement energy projects in appropriate areas guided by the atlas.

Rural electrification To ensure expanded access to electricity in the rural areas and slums, the ministry is implementing various projects which include: extension of the grid, increasing hybrid off-grid electricity supply systems using both renewable sources and diesel, promoting solar PV for institutions and distribution of Ready Boards for power supply in slum areas (pre-manufactured distribution of ready boards). CSOs can participate by mobilizing households into groups that can then apply for connection.

Energy efficiency The Ministry in partnership with the Kenya Association of Manufacturers (KAM) are aggressively encouraging and facilitating conducting of energy audits in industry and water utilities as well as promoting improved institutional stoves. Both programs are quite successful. The household energy

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efficiency programs however, require accelerated efforts to achieve sufficient levels of efficiency. CSOs can be very resourceful in this venture.

Standards Standards for biogas, small hydro power, improved stoves equipment and cooking appliances are currently being developed by the Ministry of Energy in collaboration with the Kenya Bureau of Standards (KBS). These are essential to ensure manufacture of quality energy appliances for consumers. CSOs should avail themselves to fully participate in this process to ensure that all aspects of quality are incorporated.

Gender mainstreaming (GM)

A gender audit on the energy policy was conducted in 2007 and as a result, the Kenya Power Company became the first energy utility to develop a gender mainstreaming strategy in the EAC region. Other utilities and energy sub-sectors need to be encouraged to do the same. Close monitoring of GM strategies needs to be undertaken to ensure their effective implementation. CSOs should also carry out gender audits for their energy programs, formulate GM strategies and implement the same.

Kenya Constitution and energy

According to the Kenya Constitution Article 6 (3): A national state organ should ensure reasonable access to energy services in all parts of the republic. Energy services are essential to spur income-generating activities that alleviate poverty as such, Kenyans need to access modern energy as a way of improving their livelihoods. The bill of rights, article 42 guarantees every person the right to a clean and healthy environment. Therefore environmental pollution resulting from energy sources should be reduced to levels below the maximum allowed by WHO. The Ministry of Energy and all the agencies under it are charged with this responsibility as far as energy is concerned. CSOs should play their role in supporting and complementing the government efforts.

Current situation on energy access

Majority of households in Kenya have no access to modern thermal energy services. They rely on traditional biomass energy. In 2006, nationally, only 0.6 % and 3.5 % of households were using electricity and gas respectively for cooking. In urban areas, 1.8 % and 11.9 % of households used electricity and gas respectively for cooking while in the rural areas, only 0.2 % of the households used electricity and 0.7 % used gas. Access to modern energy is limited mainly by high prices of the energy and appliances, inadequate energy supply and infrastructure. The requirements to ensure SE4ALL are enormous and need concerted efforts by all stakeholders in order to succeed.

Current situation on energy efficiency

A recent study by Kenya Institute of Public Policy Research and Analysis (KIPPRA) shows that 70% of energy consumers do not practice any energy efficiency and conservation. About 50% and 20% of fuel wood and charcoal users respectively do not apply any efficiency measures. Barriers to energy efficiency and conservation include: high costs of introducing technologies, lack of awareness on opportunities, inadequate fiscal incentives,

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credit and financing mechanisms, inadequate capacity for enforcement standards, regulations and codes of practice. CSOs can play a major role in addressing the indicated barriers such as by promoting energy conservation technologies, awareness creation, participating in formulation of standards, regulations and codes of practice, facilitating access to credit and financing mechanisms and lobbying for appropriate fiscal incentives and capacity enhancement of the standards enforcing institutions.

Current situation on renewable energy

The share of renewable electrical energy supplied to the national grid in 2010/11 was 68% while 32 % was from fossil fuel (non-renewable sources). The capacity of off grid electricity installed is 18 MW and the effective is 14MW. Renewable energy is being incorporated in the existing off-grid systems with the view of displacing the fossil fuel. Contribution from solar energy is 40 KW while that from wind energy is 500 KW. The ongoing projects target to introduce 30% of Renewable Energy (solar and wind) into existing and planned mini-grids. This will contribute significantly to replacement of the fossil fuel.

Problem statements on energy access, efficiency and renewables

The current problems in the various SE4ALL sub-components include the following”

Access: a. Very low renewable energy resources potential

developed for power generation. The total potential for the country is 19,200 MW out of which only 5 % is developed.

b. Declining share of renewable energy in electricity generation due to reduced output from hydro-power.

c. Slow pace of geothermal power development.d. Low penetration of electricity currently at 23 %

nationally.e. Over reliance on biomass energy as a source of cooking

and heating fuel, particularly in rural areas.f. Limited access to clean energy leading to heavy reliance

on kerosene for cooking and lighting.g. Fluctuations in supply and prices of LPG limiting its

usage

Effeciency:a. There is widespread and continued use of inefficient firewood and charcoal stoves.

b. Inadequate practices of energy efficiency in households, institutions and industry.

c. Lack of implementation of legal provisions on energy efficiency in the transport sector

Renewables:

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a. Low uptake of renewable energy technologies.

b. Lack of data on energy use in the various sectors.SE4ALL GOALS: Energy access, efficiency and renewables

a. To improve the household connectivity from 23 % to 40 % by 2020 and 100 % by 2030.

b. To make Kenya kerosene free by 2020 by availing alternative modern energy services.

c. To attain 100% use of improved institutional cook stoves by 2020.

SE4ALL Targets (Milestones) To make Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC) a one stop

shop for energy data by 2018.

Effeciency:a. To increase adoption of efficient charcoal stoves from 50% to 80% by 2020 in urban areas.

b. To increase adoption of efficient fuel wood stoves from current 4% to 30% by 2020.

c. To increase the efficiency of the improved charcoal stove from current 30 - 35% to 45-50% by 2020.

d. To reduce electricity losses in the grid from the current 16.2 % to 13.5% by 2020.

e. To achieve 100% energy efficient lighting systems by 2020.

f. To switch to 100% energy efficient transformers by 2030.

Access and Renewables:

a. To generate 300 MW through co-generation in the sugar industry by the year 2030.

b. To develop 5,000 MW of geothermal capacity by 2030.

c. To introduce 30% renewable energy in the existing and planned min-grids by 2020.

d. To increase the capacity contribution by renewable energy FiT plants to 10% by 2020.

e. To attain sustainable biomass fuel production in all counties by 2030.

Progress towards implementation of

Country opt-in: The government of Kenya wrote a letter to New York accepting to participate in SE4All

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SE4ALL Initiative initiative.

The Ministry of Energy as the designated government agency to lead the SE4All process, has formed a technical committee.

In June 2012, the UN Resident Coordinator (RC) constituted A Task Force for SE4ALL, with the RC as the Chair of the Task Force.

The first draft report of stocktaking and gap analysis of the energy sector is complete.

The stakeholder validation workshop was held on 13th June 2012.

Stakeholders volunteered to support fine-tuning the draft report.

Funds have been acquired from UNDP to finalize the document.

Way forward a. The ministry in collaboration with other actors has planned to finalize the stocktaking and gap analysis report by end of December 2012 and

b. Embark on preparation of the National Implementation Plan.

6.2 Plenary discussion of the MOE presentation

During the question and answer session, participants were interested in knowing whether the gap analysis has taken into consideration the contribution of non-state actors, particularly civil society organizations in providing energy solutions. They were also interested in knowing if the government has hard statistics on the energy status in the country and the areas in which the Civil Society Organizations could provide complementary support.

In response to the three questions participants were informed that the CSOs participated in the initial gap analysis. The process is still ongoing and they should participate in every step of the process. In addition, participants were informed that Non-state entities (CSOs, NGOs) should be able to contribute to the process particularly in areas where they have a comparative advantage. For example, since they are spread all over the country, they can gather information from everybody/institutions on the current status of energy in the country i.e. the statistics. In addition, there is need to operate in a transparent manner in sharing the information. The idea of openness should always be there. Some institutions have the relevant information and have to be contacted to provide the information that they have. For example the National Domestic Biogas Programme representative had just informed the government that the project had facilitated construction of 6,500 biogas units. There is need to compile this kind of information in a structured/systematic manner for use by all the interested consumers.

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Participants were informed that the government has information on all the different energy resources, however, it does not have accurate information on some sub-sectors like the biomass sub-sector. To address this information scarcity, the Energy Regulatory Commission plans to be a one stop shop for information on energy. This will help in providing the required information for different purposes at any one time. In the national implementation plan, the Energy Regulatory Commission, Universities, Government, and County Governors should plan for collection of accurate data on energy on a regular basis (e.g. every five or 10 years) and in a structured manner to aid in effective planning and implementation of energy projects.

Participants wanted to know, where biomass as the main source of energy for cooking and heating for majority of Kenyans fall in the resource assessment analysis. In response, they were informed that studies have been done on biomass. Some of the statistics available are from studies done earlier but biomass assessment has not been thorough. There is a need to update the information on biomass and that this is one of the Ministry’s policy goals. As the ministry continues with the analysis of other sources of energy, it will also continue with assessment of biomass. The MOE is under-staffed hence some of the work that needs to be done is not being done. Some of the work like studies could be contracted because of the wide scope of the programmes that require to be implemented.

Participants wondered if there is a structured way the CSOs in the energy sector could interact with the Ministry of Energy e.g. having a civil society energy forum as a focal point for interaction with all the other actors at the national, county and grass roots level. In response, participants were informed that the Ministry of Energy is aware of the problem concerning how to interact with stakeholders particularly at the county level and further down to the grass roots. The issue of devolution is being discussed and the Ministry is still working on the document. The Ministry is considering how to build on the existing energy centers to have county offices for MOE or structured links with the 47 counties. The proposal is still in draft form.

The government was commended for the good work done in the energy sector. The work especially the conventional energy was reported to be very impressive, however, the participants indicated that it is necessary to remove the monopoly of the electrical energy supply by Kenya Power so that other players can be involved. Participants observed that the billing structure for electricity is a hindrance to intensive use and wanted to know what the government is doing about it. In response, they were informed that the structure is correct. The problem, however, are the people involved in the billing. Thus, the observed problem is human error. Participants wanted to know why households have to pay more money to get connectivity within the current electrification programmes while the same is readily available to institutions. In his response, Mr. Maina indicated that it is easier to disburse funds to public institutions rather than individuals. It is a long process to get involved with private individuals especially given that the homes are scattered all over within the landscape making it difficult to supply electricity.

Other important issues raised included where to get the wind/solar atlas. Participants were informed that one could get the Wind/Solar Atlas from the Renewable Energy Department (Ministry of Energy), Nyayo House, 24th floor. The atlas is sold for a fee of Ksh. 5,000. Clarifications were sought on the status and viability of the Baringo Dam Thermal Energy Project where Proropis juliflora (Mathenge) trees are to be cut for generation of electricity. Participants were however informed that an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has to

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be conducted to establish whether it is viable/sustainable or not. The issues of sustainability should be raised during the consultative stage of the EIA.

Since tapping renewable energy resources is a major challenge especially as far as cost is concerned, zero rating the renewable energy equipment was proposed as one possible way of encouraging investment by the private sector.

7.0 Catalyzing civil society action to deliver sustainable energy for all By John Maina, Sustainable Community Development Services (SCODE)

7.1 SCODE presentation

7.1.1 East Africa civil society organizations energy advocacy project

In his presentation, John Maina of SCODE reported that in 2011 Hivos hosted a regional workshop in Nairobi on East Africa Energy Access to discuss challenges to energy access and development on a practical and policy level. The workshop outputs were, a draft joint statement proposing the ‘10% pro-poor energy budget target’ adopted by the CSOs present at the meeting and a commitment from all CSOs present to work together on issues of access to energy and energy policy at the national, regional and global levels.

As a follow-up to this commitment, In 2012, Hivos requested EA-CSOs to come up with lobbying and advocacy interventions on how to achieve increased sustainable energy for all. The East Africa Energy Technology Development Network (EAETDN) Focal points led by Practical Action- EA developed the “East Africa Civil Society Organizations Energy Advocacy Project” to enable CSOs in EA to work together on issues of access to energy and energy policy at the national and regional levels during the period July 2012- June 2015.

7.1.2 East Africa Energy Technology Development Network Focal Points

The focal points for the project were given as: Practical Action Eastern Africa (PA-EA) East Africa Energy Technology Development Network (EAETDN-U) Tanzania Traditional Energy Development Organization (TATEDO) Sustainable Community Development Services (SCODE - Kenya)

7.1.3 Objectives of the project

The overall objective of the project is to enable CSOs in Kenya to undertake effective energy policy lobbying and advocacy to enhance energy access for all. The specific objectives are to develop: An understanding of current CSOs energy policy lobbying and advocacy status in Kenya, specific energy lobbying and advocacy interventions for CSOs in Kenya and coordinate lobby actions of CSOs at county and national level.

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7.1.4 Expected outcomes

The expected outcomes for this project are more supportive national energy policies and funding for access to renewable and decentralized energy services, increased lobbying and advocacy capacity for pro-poor energy policy among CSOs in Kenya, a strengthened EAETDN Network and relevant information collected, processed, analyzed and disseminated among the stakeholders.

7.2 Plenary discussion

Participants indicated that this initiative is a very good opportunity for engaging. The platform gives an opportunity for CSOs to look among themselves and come to a common understanding in a timely manner so that when the CSOs view is sought, they are ready with it. All interested CSOs should therefore contribute and participate actively. If there are ideas or activities that any CSO feels need to be incorporated in the national document, the organization should feel free to offer the suggestion.

Participants agreed that lobbying should be different from advocacy. It should be in a civil, respectful and democratic manner. The aim should be to pool efforts together and work as one team and one force. There is need to move together and achieve something for the benefit of all Kenyans. The old method of confrontational advocacy is wrong and should be avoided. Working in unity and collaboration is more effective. Each CSO has a specific role to play. All CSOs should therefore identify their specific roles and purpose to play them effectively to achieve the same goal of SE4ALL.

8.0 Overview of the SE4ALL process By Lydia Muchiri, Practical Action Eastern Africa

8.1 Overview of the SE4ALL process presentation

a. About Practical Action

Participants were briefed on the status of Practical Action and its goals. They were informed that Practical Action is an international development agency working with poor communities to help them choose and use technology to improve their lives today and in generations to come. The organization covers Africa, Asia and Latin America. Its goals are to contribute to attainment of universal access to energy, food security, agriculture and disaster risk reduction and access to urban services. It also implements cross cutting themes which include gender and social inclusion, climate change and markets development.

The energy projects and initiatives implemented by Practical Action include: Pico and micro hydro-decentralized Solar and wind energy utilization Bio-ethanol piloting for households and Biomass:

o Improved cook Stoves/Indoor air quality monitoringo Briquetting ando Sustainable charcoal production

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b. Practical Action and SE4ALL

Practical Action is the communications partner of SE4ALL and observer to High Level Group. It co-authored the official civil society roadmap for the initiative (in process) and it is also a member of the World Bank-led Steering Committee for baseline report. Practical Action is the leading civil society mobilization around SE4ALL in countries of operation. Civil society are regarded by the Secretary General of the UN as the 'third pillar' in delivering SE4ALL and therefore must be considered a core contributor to country action plans.

c. Advocacy objectives of SE4ALL

Overall objective 

The SE4ALL Initiative (inclusive of key partners, such as the European Commission and National ‘opt in’ governments) recognises the full range of poor people’s energy needs and reflects this in their planning and funding portfolios beyond 2014

Specific objectives

The specific objectives include: Establishment and adoption of international minimum standards on energy access. Increased financing for decentralised energy solutions (towards the recommended

55% investment in off-grid technologies required to reach Universal Energy Access by 2030)

Creation of a sustainable development goal on energy, supported by a definition and indicators reflecting a Total Energy Access a pproach

d. Policy recommendation no. 1 – ‘Total Energy Access’ (TEA)

Is to ensure that the definition and delivery of energy access reflects the full range of services which people need, want and have a right to

Establish indicators to measure progress on energy access, based on the achievement of minimum standards for the main energy services people need

Practical Action’s TEA Minimum Standards are available at: Http://practicalaction.org/ppeo2012

Poor people having daily use of the energy they need for their wellbeing – i.e. for lighting, cooking, water heating, space heating, cooling, information & communication and earning a living

Ensure that policy and action recognizes the full range of energy services that people need, want and have a right to e.g. technologies, services and supplies to avoid darkness, drudgery, ill health (for households) as well as earn a living and escape poverty.

e. Policy recommendation no. 2 – Healthy ‘Energy Access Ecosystems’

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Recognise that the achievement of Universal Energy Access will require the full range of actors, technologies and finance available

Ask: Ensure that financing for energy access reflects the importance of decentralised solutions and is generated equally from: a) domestic governments and b) private sector

Tool: Practical Action’s Ecosystems Health Index: Http://practicalaction.org/ppeo2012

Integration of technical, human and financial resources Variety of energy sources, equipment and appliances Variety of scales-on-, off- and mini grid approaches as well as a variety of cooking

and mechanical power options required Incudes full range of people, organisations, policies, technologies and types of

financing needed to achieve universal access.

f. Policy recommendation no. 3 - Civil Society as part of the solution

Promote Sustainable Energy for All as achievable and civil society as central to its delivery

Ask: Champion the involvement and investment in the capacity of civil society as a prerequisite to achieving Universal Energy Access.

Tool: Practical Action’s Participatory Market Systems Development (PMSD) approachHttp://practicalaction.org/ppeo2012.

Important to work with and through communities and civil society organizations in order to respond to the needs of poor people.

Promoting wider awareness and understanding of peoples’ needs and preferred solutions, testing and communicating new technologies & delivery models, helping to hold policy makers accountable and supporting development of more equitable market systems (PMSD).

8.2 Plenary discussion Participants sought to know why they are reviewing the gap analysis. In response, they were informed that it is a step in the implementation of SE4ALL process. It was elaborated further to them that the minute Kenya accepted to participate in the SE4ALL initiative, the crucial question that followed was, what are the gaps that require filling? i.e. what is Kenya lacking as far as SE4ALL is concerned? As the national implementation plan is prepared, there is need to find out the status of the energy balance. This process is to identify the gaps so that the total energy capacity required in the country can be planned for. There is also need to know how Kenya has fared in regard to energy efficiency. These are the issues to be identified in the gap analysis. The gap analysis will help in planning for the specific energy components in the total energy mix and identify the resources to implement the identified gaps.

At the request of participants, the term “renewable” was elaborated to mean that the resource can be used over and over again without depletion. This has grown to include biomass as well. Modern sources of energy on the other hand were explained as the clean energies such as electricity and LPG. Modern sources are the clean sources, they can be used interchangeably with other fossil sources that are considered clean e.g. LPG and natural gas. Participants wondered if LPG was a sustainable form of energy. However, it was explained

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that one aspect of sustainability is cost (affordability), impact on the environment and accessibility. Kenya does not have strategic reserves for LPG hence imports all that is used in the country. Renewable energy on a large scale is not achievable. The most reliable for different income groups will be different but the two will not collide. In conclusion, there was a consensus that SE4ALL can be achieved for Kenya.

9.0 Review of the Kenya gap analysis

During this session, participants were presented with the Draft Kenya Gap analysis report to review and give their inputs. They were randomly allocated into three groups of 10 members each. Group 1 was tasked to review energy access analysis, group 2 energy efficiency and group 3, the renewables. The participants were given two documents as reference material for the gap analysis. The two documents were from: Page 14 Section 2 in the document “Current Situation with regard to SE4ALL Goals” and the Ministry of Energy power point presentation slides. Below is a summary of the group reports.

9.1 Group 1 – Energy Access Gaps

The group discussed the different definitions of energy as applied to SE4ALL initiative and the actual meaning of access. The definitions considered were energy, modern energy, clean energy, green energy and renewable energy. The group opted to use the term “energy” for review of the gap analysis. They argued that this definition focuses on energy as a whole. For access it was agreed that this should refer to both physical availability of energy and affordability. Thus if the energy source is available to consumers but they cannot afford to pay for it, then it is not accessible. If consumers can afford to pay but the energy source is not physically available, then the consumers have no access. However, it was agreed that more thoughts should be put in clearly defining what access means.

9.1.1 Electricity connectivity, use and general access gaps

The group noted that, given the information provided, at the national level, 23% of households are connected while 77% are not connected. This should be reflected in the gap analysis so as to show the magnitude of the supply gap hence the level of investment required for household connection nationally in rural and urban areas.

Table 3 – Electricity access by urban and rural sectors

Sector Proportion with access (%)

Access Gap (%) Population proportion (%)

National overall 23 77 100Urban 50 50 32.3Rural 6 94 67.7

Table 4 – Current proportion of electricity consumed by type of consumer

Type of consumer Consumption proportion (%)Large commercial/industry 59Domestic 25

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Small commercial 16Total 100

Table 5 – Access to electricity for cooking

Sector Population with access (%) Gap - Proportion (%)Overall 0.6 99.4Urban 0.8 98.2Rural 0.2 99.8

Access to electricity for cooking was considered unclear given that there are many urban households that are connected but do not use it for cooking. The argument was that they do not use it for cooking because it is expensive hence not affordable. It was finally agreed that if it was affordable, then households would be using it for cooking. The gap analysis report should include the lack of cheap electrical energy or strategies for reducing its cost.

The group also noted that the gap analysis has not provided a classification or indication of use of electricity for different purposes such as for lighting, agriculture, communication etc. Provision of this classification will help to highlight the under serviced end uses. Provision of such information will guide prioritization in the national implementation and investment plan.

The group also noted that there is no data provided for sources of electricity in the gap analysis. For example, how much electricity is supplied from e.g. solar, wind, geothermal? Provision of this information together with the potential of each energy source will clarify the gap that need to be addressed.

9.1.2 Access gaps liquid petroleum gas (LPG)

Table 6 – Access to LPG by sector

Sector Proportion with access (%) Access Gap (%)Overall national 3.5 96.5Urban 11.9 88.1Rural 0.7 99.3

The proportion of the national population with access to LPG is 3.5%. This means that 96.5% of the population has no access. Only 11.9% of the urban population have access while 88.1% have no access when compared to only 0.7% for the rural population having access and 99.3% having no access. As mentioned earlier, this gap should be clearly incorporated in the gap analysis in order to give an indication of the level of investment required to attain the desired access.

9.1.3 Biogas energy gaps

The gap analysis has not provided any information on access to biogas at the national, level, urban and rural areas. Some of the information that should be included is the:

Current access rates

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Statistics on the potential of biogas in the country Hindrances in accessing biogas

The group reported that Kenya National Domestic Biogas Programme (KENDBIP) had facilitated construction of 6,500 units within 2 years and that the potential for biogas development in the country is very high. However, there is no comprehensive data on how the country is performing as a whole. Lack of systematic gathering, analysis and documentation of biogas energy data is a gap that needs to be captured.

9.1.4 Solar energy gaps

Just as for the case of biogas, the gaps as concerns solar energy are as follows:

Current access rates information is not given Statistics on the potential of solar in the country is not given Data on solar energy for cooking is not provided Data on solar energy for heating is not provided

In addition, there is no disaggregated information between domestic and industrial solar energy use. Some information on solar lighting is given as 2.2% in urban areas and 1.6% for rural areas but the estimates are from one source hence cannot be considered representative of the real situation nationally.

9.1.5 Biomass energy gaps

It was suggested that access to biomass energy was rather difficult to define since whoever requires biomass energy in form of firewood, charcoal and crop residues can get it but it was not clear how obtaining from unsustainable supplies should be treated. Overall, there was a feeling that biomass energy has been given little attention by the government all along. This is the energy for most of the poor Kenyans and should be given the necessary attention and investment. Currently, biomass supplies energy for the majority of Kenyans estimated at 68% nationally. According to the wood energy study carried out in 2000, sustainable wood resources supply only 43% of the wood energy consumed in Kenya. A total of 57% is from unsustainable supplies. This represents the supply gap that needs to be incorporated in the gap analysis. There is also no reliable data on biomass energy in the country and no systematic mechanisms of gathering the relevant data on biomass. Information on the use and potential of briquettes as a fuel also needs to be included in the analysis.

9.1.6 Biofuels’ access gaps

All necessary information on biofuels such as castor oil, jatropa, Croton megalocarpus, sunflower, bagasse – sugarcane is not provided in the analysis.

9.1.7 Fossil fuels (petroleum) access gaps

For kerosene, access is given as 55.4% for the urban population, with 44.6% having no access. There is however no data for rural access levels. There is also no data on access rates for petroleum fuels.

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9.1.8 Overall challenges of access to energy

The group identified the overall challenges to energy access as: High prices of energy and appliances Inadequate supply of energy Inadequate infrastructure Un-conducive policies Lack of awareness on clean energy Lack of specific data on energy Sustainability issues LPG low volumes

*Under access, it was recommended that the Energy Regulatory Commission, Universities, the Government, and County Governors should collect data on energy on a regular basis and in a structured manner for project planning and implementation.

9.2 - Group 2 - Report on energy efficiency gaps

In addition to the gaps identified earlier by the Ministry of Energy, the group added the following gaps on energy efficiency list and proposed that they be included in the gap analysis report. They include:

9.2.1- Efficiency gaps of biomass energy

a. Lack of a clear definition of what would constitute an improved stove. There are many improved stoves on the market with un-certified efficiency levels.

b. The dilemma between high efficiency (stove) and convenience to the user – social performance of stoves i.e. efficient stoves may not necessarily be socially acceptable.

c. Need for special attention to the sub-sector due to high inefficient fuelwood stove usage with improved stove uptake estimated at only 4%.

d. Conflicting figures of 20% vs 4% adoption level of improved woodstoves in the rural areas indicating lack of accurate data.

9.2.2 – Efficiency gaps of electricity

a. Inefficient transformers b. Inefficient lighting systemsc. Losses through the national grid estimated at 16.2%d. Inefficient industriese. Under-developed hydro-power potential (rivers and falls).

9.2.3 – Efficiency gaps of solar thermal energyThe group identified the following as missing components in the gap analysis:

a. High cost of solar equipment

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b. Financing mechanism which limit accessc. Inadequate awareness on solar technologyd. Lack of capacity for local innovation

9.2.4 – Efficiency gaps of solar photovoltaic energy

a. Financing is inadequateb. Weak capacity for installation & maintenancec. Policies which are unfriendly

9.2.5 - Efficiency gaps of the petroleum sub-sector

There is no data at all in the gap analysis on efficiency of petroleum fuels.

9.3 Group 3 - Report on renewable energy gaps

Under the renewable energy objective, group members identified the following gaps and proposed that they should be added into the gap analysis report.

9.3.1 – Hydro energy gaps

a. Cost – it is expensive to installb. Erratic weather – fluctuation of water volumes leading to unreliable supplyc. Siltation due to poor land management – de-silting is very expensive

9.3.2 – Biomass energy gaps

This is the most important source of energy in the country. The gaps are:

a. Lack of government support in terms of local technology developmentb. Lack of standards – no standards for biomass technologiesc. Lack of information and data – baseline survey not doned. Lack of affordable technologiese. Lack of awareness on biomass technologies among the consumers

9.3.3 – Wind energy gaps

a. Cost of investment is very highb. No current technology in the wind sub-sector

9.3.4 - Solar energy gaps

a. Lack of awareness on the potential in solar energyb. Cost of investment is highc. Lack of necessary equipment for installation

9.3.5 – Biogas energy gaps

a. Cost of installation is high

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b. Lack of efficient technologies in the sub-sectorc. Lack of awareness on the potential in biogasd. High cost of expertise for maintenance of biogas units

9.3.6 – Biofuels energy gaps

a. Labor intensiveb. Competition with food crops for arable landc. Limited research

3.7 - Geothermal energy gaps

a. Cost of geothermal drilling is highb. National technical capacity is limited hence this is mainly done by foreign companiesc. Low probability of quality steam output

10.0 National advocacy strategy

The national advocacy strategy formulation was informed by a presentation on the guidelines for preparation of implementation plans by Lydia Muchiri and another on draft National Action Plan for Kenya (developed during the Regional SE4ALL CSO workshop) by Eve Odete both of Practical Action.

10.1 Guidelines on action plan preparation

By Lydia Muchiri

Participants were informed that the guidelines for preparation of implementation plans are the outcomes of a series of SE4ALL consultative meetings organized by the New Partnership for African Development (NEPAD) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Because SE4ALL is a global agenda, each continent is localizing SE4ALL within their own context, so that stakeholders know how to approach the process for maximum impacts. A regional workshop for Africa was organized in Nairobi, in September 19-21, 2012 and was attended by representatives of many African governments. They agreed on a set of guidelines so that each country in Africa will be required to adopt and use the guidelines for preparing their own national implementation plan after the GAP analysis process is finalized.

The regional workshop participants agreed that each country must develop implementation plans to address all the three sustainable energy components that include:

Ensuring universal energy access Doubling the rate of improvement in energy efficiency Doubling the share of renewable energy

These must be reflected in the national implementation plans. The plans must set national targets, programs and activities, articulate the different roles of stakeholders particularly the three pillars i.e. Civil Society Organizations, Private sector & Government, mainstream gender and environment in the plans, analyse and prioritize the issues and incorporate

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monitoring and evaluation protocols and indicators for assessing impact of implementation of the programs as detailed below. More details of the guidelines can be seen in appendix 4.

10.2 National action plan for Kenya civil society engagement

By Eve Odete: Practical Action, Eastern Africa:

In her presentation, Eve informed the workshop that a draft CSOs national advocacy strategy was conceived from the Hivos & Practical Action Nairobi workshop of September, 2012. During this regional workshop, participants carried out a gap analysis assessment of the respective country gap analysis reports. The national advocacy strategy involved formulating and agreeing on joint objectives, actions and processes to influence the National Implementation Plan. This is what is being customized for the CSOs engagement. The participants were encouraged to outline what Kenyan CSOs could do collectively to realize SE4ALL for Kenya.

A draft template from the regional workshop was presented in the plenary for participants to agree on the key elements of the national action plans. Below is the final output of the session.

a. Goal

Delivery of sustainable energy to the poor in Kenya in line with the SE4ALL global initiative.

b. Objectives

To strengthen CSOs in Kenya to actively participate and influence policy planning and implementation of SE4ALL programmes.

Coordinate lobby actions between CSOs at the county and national levels to advocate for sustainable energy.

c. Draft Action Plan for CSOsThe draft CSOs action plan is as presented in Table 7.

Table 7 - Draft action plan for CSOs

Strategy Interventions

Identify ongoing national government processes

The current ongoing government processes are: SE4ALL GAP analysis, national implementation plan formulation, national energy policy and bill review, petroleum/geothermal/wind exploratory activities, CC Action plan & Act, incorporation of sustainable energy within the new political dispensation at the national & county levels (after March, 2013), influencing tax regimes and budgeting on renewable energy at the Treasury

Conduct of a scoping study

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Identify key events and participate (e.g. MOE GAP analysis process of November, 2012)

Identify key policy makers (PANERREC)

Identify who does what and when and be involved

National level workshops for CSOs

Identify key CSO actors ensuring adequate county and cross sectoral representation

Review SE4ALL commitments in Sub- Saharan Africa & EA and identify opportunities for influencing decisions

Lobby for resource allocation

Create awareness

Prepare joint CSOs statement on SE4ALL

Develop synergies between various programmes - EAC region/Africa

Review country frameworks/commitments

Analyze national energy targets for renewable energy that will meet pro-poor needs. This includes the Energy Policy and Energy Act

Harmonize Vision 2030 to ensure renewable energy flagship projects address the needs of the poor (e.g. decentralized energy systems v/s centralized systems)

The national implementation plan should ensure inclusiveness

Engage with country policy processes

Engage with plans to promote bio-energy such as:

Sustainable charcoal production

Sustainable fuelwood production

Sustainable bio-fuels development

Briquetting

International cook-stoves standards (ICS) development and enforcement

Conduct pro-poor energy hearings at county, district and grass-root levels

Identify messages from communities

Enable the poor to voice their issues

Conduct consultative meetings with energy stakeholders (CSOs, line ministries etc.)

Develop and disseminate policy briefs

Hold energy public fora

Interactions with UN institutions (i.e. UNDP, UNIDO, UNEP, UN Habitat, UN Women etc), EU local offices etc.

To influence advocacy fora using common messages on total energy access

To support CSOs engagement with government

To create space for CSOs participation in SE4ALL in the UN fora

Conduct media campaigns

Develop advocacy messages and materials

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Mobilize media participation

Create public awareness

Mobilize the private sector

Map key private sector actors

Develop a common front to lobby for an enabling environment that enables private sector contribution to promote sustainable energy

Lobby private sector to invest in pro-poor energy technology, financing and services

10.3 Plenary discussion on national CSOs strategy

Participants deliberated on whether the word ‘poor’ should be used in the CSOs advocacy objectives since SE4ALL initiative seeks to deliver energy to all people. It was agreed that this is an action plan for CSOs to advocate and lobby for a comprehensive national SE4ALL implementation plan. Therefore people should not think that this is the government’s national plan. The government will target all people and not a specific tax bracket. CSOs have a special interest in lobbying for inclusion of the poor. Therefore, the word “poor” should be included in the goal. It was also noted that some people are not poor but it is difficult for them to acquire electricity because it is not accessible.

The term sustainable was also discussed given the context that sustainable to the poor is different from sustainable for the well off. It was agreed that there is need to agree on the meaning of the term “sustainable” given the local Kenyan context. CSOs should therefore contextualize the term sustainable, because we cannot follow the guidelines of the global level as they are. We have to customize to the local constituents (Kenyan conditions). This has to take in consideration the economic, environmental protection and the social dimension. The national action plan is an ongoing process and the policies being formulated/revised will outline the different aspects of sustainability. This will therefore take care of the different definitions.

Concerning the question of whether energy policies will be formulated for different counties, participants were informed that national policies are generally formulated for the whole country and not limited to specific counties. It will then be the responsibility of each county to formulate programmes and implement the policies as they find appropriate. It was noted that Kenya is currently implementing huge cross-country energy projects such as the geothermal projects. Participants emphasized the need to harmonize this agenda, to ensure alignment of the implementation plans and effective participation by CSOs in the implementation activities. In addition, a monitoring and evaluation objective should be included in all the plans that are being formulated.

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10.4 CSO National advocacy strategy - group discussions

Facilitated by Practical Action, the participants got into the three groups as formed in day 1 in order to concretize and customize the proposed interventions/activities to the national level as follows:

Group 1 - Policy issues and opportunitiesGroup 2 - Advocacy actions (strategies to use e.g. lobby, media etc)Group 3 – Mobilization aspects

10.4.1 Group I report on policy issues and opportunities

In addition to strategies formulated during the regional workshop, the group that discussed policy issues and opportunities proposed that the following interventions should be added.

Table 8 – Additional policy issues and opportunities

Strategy InterventionsIdentifying and engaging with ongoing national and county government processes

Undertake proactive communication with the government at regional, national and county levels on policy development processes.

Identify key policy makers (PANERREC) and existing stakeholders at the county level.

Conduct scoping studies at the county level.

Agree on how the three energy stakeholder pillars (Government, CSOs and Private Sector) should engage (i.e. coordinated framework).

Review country frameworks/commitments

Contact energy gap analysis at the country level Formulate country implementation plans

Engage with country policy processes

Formulate a monitoring & evaluation strategy Stakeholders should come up with M&E

mechanisms

10. 4. 2 - Plenary discussion on group I presentation on policy issues and opportunities

Given that the Ministry of Energy is not represented at the county level, it was proposed that a forum with representation at the county level (County Focal Point) should take charge. All issues raised can then be channeled to this one organization which shall in turn make presentations to the government. It was recommended that SCODE should take responsibility for this at the national level. SCODE can then get responses from the government and liase with the County Level Focal CSOs in order to reach the rest of the CSOs in any given County. The idea is to nurture existing partnerships and relationships with stakeholders and policy makers. Concerning the scoping studies, it was agreed that when the secretariat starts

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operation, members will discuss and liase with key stakeholders to identify the appropriate areas for scoping studies.

10.4.3 - Group II report presentation on advocacy actions

For preparatory activities, the group proposed that workshops should be planned for every County and timelines reviewed to have well defined targets i.e. on quarterly basis. By March-June 2013, the County governments will be in place hence activities can be planned and implemented at that level. It was further proposed and agreed that the national CSOs review workshop should take place in June, 2013. During this time, the national budget should be reviewed. Each county should be represented in the June 2013 workshop.

As concerns identifying key CSOs, the group emphasized the need to consider special groups such as women groups, pro-poor groups and physically challenged groups. In addition, the group emphasized the need to engage cross-sectoral representatives, respective line ministries (i.e. environment, forest & wildlife, agriculture, gender and youth affairs) and those involved in human rights issues.

On advocacy activities for reviewing of SE4ALL commitments in sub-saharan Africa and East Africa, the group proposed that CSOs should:

Lobby for increased resource allocation, for example for the government of Kenya to allocate 10% of its budget per annum towards sustainable energy,

Bring the private sector and donor community on board to support the pro-poor sustainable energy.

Have a sub-committee to lobby for resources and another to develop synergies between various programmes in Kenya and East Africa

Concerning interactions with the UN, the group requested for:

Support for the CSOs engagement with the government in particular, the: GACC – Global Allicance for Clean Cook Stoves KCCA – Kenya Clean Cook Stove Alliance US-Embassy BAF – Business Advocacy Fund

Support for CSOs to influence advocacy on energy access, energy efficiency and increased renewable energy use.

Support for capacity building of the CSOs by having a donor round table meeting at the next meeting and also hold multi-stakeholder fora.

10.4.4 - Plenary discussion on group 2 presentation on advocacy actions

It was proposed that two sub-groups should be nominated. One to deal with advocacy another to deal with linkages. They should then give quarterly reports on their progress.

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The idea of mobilizing resources from the local sources e.g. Community Development Funds (CDF) was also discussed. It was however agreed that CDF funds are for smaller projects such as tree planting at the community level. The local resources should therefore go to specific local projects. The national CSOs workshop discussion is for SE4ALL at the national level and the recommendations are for the CSOs engagement.

It was proposed and participants agreed that instead of having CSOs fora alone, the next workshop should have CSOs, the private sector and donors combined to minimize on the number of meetings and also enrich the interactions. Concerning accessing resources from the government by CSOs, participants were informed that partnerships work best. Joint workshops where the government funds some components and CSOs fund other components is the best arrangement. This could be done by finding out the funds that are available with the government in different programs. Strategize on the national processes going on and find ways to jointly participate in the ongoing programs/projects. Even as different activities are planned, participants were advised to improve efficiency of research for better results.

10.4.5 – Group III report on mobilization

As concerns strategies of mobilizing and engaging the communities, the group proposed that the Secretariat /CSOs should:

Identify the entry points for each community and conduct a needs/social assessment.

Identify the appropriate messages through questionnaires, focus group discussions and key informant interviews

Enable the communities to air their views, disseminate the findings and customize them.

Hold consultative meetings to build in a system of training, identify key CSOs specifically dealing with energy, regeneralize, devolve to an effective level, develop workable TORs for engaging specific CSOs and capacity building of local CSOs (to strengthen them).

Use facts, figures and propaganda for the media campaign. Cite some case studies, formulate messages tailored to individual communities, use the most acceptable media for each target group, use simple demonstrations (e.g. Kerosene vs LPG), create public awareness through road shows and use mobile theatres, popular shows and cultural dances.

Engage the private sector through the platform of economic gain such as tax relief. In addition, categorize/cluster private sectors so that messages can be developed targeting specific private sector clusters.

10.4.6 - Plenary discussion on group III presentation on mobilization

To effectively engage the private sector, there is need to identify a specific private sector grouping/branding. It was noted that the Kenya Private Sector Association (KEPSA) may be the best to engage. This is because there are many private companies in the country but KEPSA is the umbrella body for all private sector firms therefore it would be a good partner

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to team up with. CSOs should assist in raising awareness of appropriate technologies so that the private sector players and innovators are not discouraged due to the high start up costs.

Participants agreed that it is necessary to bring on board as many CSOs as can make a difference whether they are in energy or not. This is becuase energy helps in delivery of other services therefore we cannot focus on CSOs that deal purely in energy alone since they will not be able to deliver the other extension services that may be required by communities. However, preference should be given to CSOs that have a strong and reputable energy component. The Secretariat should have a criteria for weeding out the CSOs that change their mandate with every UN declaration. Meaningful engagement cannot be achieved without clear TORs for the CSOs. There should be clear TORs for CSOs at the national and county level so that all are clear of their role. There is need to formulate ways of measuring the work of the CSOs and also come up with modalities of how they are going to work together. It was agreed that mobilization should also reach institutions. This includes schools, hospitals, churches etc. Many lessons on how to carry out some of these activities can be learned from Practical Action’s experience with their mobile theatres on solar cookers and community based demonstrations.

11.0 SE4ALL national CSO structures and coordination By John Maina, SCODE

Participants were informed that SE4ALL is a new initiative led by the UN. They were then briefed on the current SE4ALL structures, coordination arrangements and the need to formulate structures to facilitate national to grass roots involvement. For Kenya, this means taking the initiative to the County and lower levels such as District, Division and Location. Community Based Organizations are also expected to actively participate in the initiative to ensure attainment of sustainable energy for all. As indicated in Figure 1, at the global level, the responsible organization is Practical Action and HIVOS. At the Regional Level (East African Community), Practical Action is the Focal Point. At the National Level (Kenya), Sustainable Community Development Services (SCODE) is the Coordinator.

11.1 Thematic areas of engagement

For active national engagement, five thematic areas were proposed. Participants were requested to discuss the thematic areas to modify or come up with alternative themes. However, they endorsed the proposed themes which included:

a. Linkage and Liaisonb. Advocacy and Lobbyingc. Resource Mobilizationd. Community Mobilization and Outreach ande. Capacity Building

It was suggested that other CSOs be co-opted to assist SCODE in coordination at the national level, however, after some discussion participants agreed that there should be a lead CSO for every theme and that the lead organizations in the 5 thematic areas should team up with SCODE to form the National CSOs SE4ALL Secretariat with the five thematic areas being below the Secretariat and Regional Focal Point respectively. The CSOs present were

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requested to volunteer themselves into the different thematic areas considering their comparative advantages. The CSOs volunteered as indicated in Figure 2.

Figure 1- Overall structure

Figure 2 – Volunteer CSOs in the respective thematic groups

Global LEVEL(Practical Action/Hivos

Focal Points)

EAC – Regional Level

(Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania)

Practical Action (Focal Point)

National Level (SCODE)

Resource Mobilization

Capacity Building

Linkage &Liaison

Advocacy & Lobbying

Community Mobilization & Outreach

National Secretariat(Led by SCODE)

Resource Mobilization

Capacity Building

Linkage/Liaison

Advocacy & Lobbying

Mobilization & Outreach

KCCWGEPADAISAK

PASSNSORECBOEWCARPA

ADOCAESLSolar PlusSUPPA

VEPALIN

(Epantus Wamae)ABC-KVYFVISIONKISIEK

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11.2 Convening organizations

It was suggested that there should be convening (lead) organizations for the five different themes at the national level. Those that volunteered were as indicated in Table 9. The convening organizations led by SCODE will form the national CSOs SE4ALL Secretariat. These are SCODE, PA, VEP, KCCWG, ISAK and ADO.

Table 9 - Thematic conveneing CSOs Theme Convening

OrganizationFull Name

Linkages and Liaison KCCWG Kenya Climate Change Working Group

Advocacy & Lobbying PA Practical Action

Mobilization & Outreach ISAK Improved Stoves Association of Kenya

Capacity Building VEP Visionary Empowerment Program

Resource Mobilization ADO Abalekhwa Development Organization

11.3 Volunteer CSOs by theme

The CSOs present in the workshop were requested to volunteer to participate under any theme they preferred. Their preferences were as indicated in Tables 10-14.

11.3.1 - Mobilization & Outreach

Table 10 – Volunteer CSOs for mobilization and outreach

No.

Name Organisation/Institution Contacts

1. Mohammed Olunga (Director)

Ekero Jiko Sales 0722 247 069

2. Peter Muhia SCODE Petermuhia@scode.co.ke

3. Patrick Rukungu

Social Empowerment Promotional Programme (SEPP)

0716254570patrickrukungu@yahoo.co.ke

4. Bonface Muriithi

Kiini Sustainable Initiative (KISI) 0724774786murebon@yahoo.comkiinisustainable.initiative@yahoo.co.uk

5. Anne Njambi

Empowerment & Participatory Development Agency (EPADA)

0720333727Epada_kenya@yahoo.comBox 1379-Maragoli

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6. Ephantus Wamae

Improved Stoves Association of Kenya (ISAK)

jeffaphan@yahoo.com0725478802

7. Sylvester Okumu

Voi Youth Forum 0722739099sleverok@yahoo.com

8. Wycliffe Muzungu

Association of Biogas Contractors of Kenya (ABC-K)

Reecon@mitsuminet.com0711502579

11.3.2 - Linkage & Liaison

Table 11 – Volunteer CSOs for linkage and liaison theme

No. Name Organization Contact1. Johnson Kimani /

John KioliKenya Climate Change Working Group

kioli@greenafricafoundation.orgkimani.kinuthia@gmail.com

2. Ephantus Wamae Improved Stoves Association of Kenya (ISAK)

jeffaphan@yahoo.com0725478802

3. Anne Njambi Empowerment & Participatory Development Agency (EPADA)

0720333727Epada_kenya@yahoo.comBox 1379-Maragoli

11.3.3 - Resource Mobilization

Table 12 – Volunteer CSOs for resource mobilization theme

Name Organization Contact1 Festus Anjeba

AshisomaAbalekhwa Development Organization (ADO)

0721550395abalekwadevorganisation@yahoo.comashisoma@yahoo.com

2 Eston Njuki Christian Aid enjuki@christian-aid.org

3 Bernard Karanja Ndungu

Visionary Empowerment Programme (VEP)

0722317119bndungu@vep.co.kevepkenya20@yahoo.com

4 Julius O. Ochieng

Solar Plus Techniques 0715850905Jotieno99@yahoo.com

5 Joy Mwangi Empowerment & Sustainable Livelihood CBO (ESI-K)

0712966618Joy_mwangi@yahoo.com

6 Hosea Mboga Sustainable Practical Program for Africa

0723251307Suppa.51@yahoo.com

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(SUPPA)

11.3.4 - Capacity Building

Table 13 - Volunteer CSOs for capacity building theme

No. Name Organization Contact1 Gladys Nabiswa GRIADYS

2 Bernard Karanja Ndungu

Visionary Empowerment Programme (VEP)

0722317119bndungu@vep.co.kevepkenya20@yahoo.com

3 Noah Lusaka Arid Lands Information Network (ALIN)

Box 10098-00100Nairobi

4 Dr. K’Apiyo T/Leader

Uhai Lake Forum uhailake@yahoo.com

5. Advocacy & Lobbying

Table 14 - Volunteer CSOs for advocacy and lobbying theme

No. Name Organization Contact1. Pauline Kiambi Social Reform Center (SOREC) 0724434090

paulinekiambi@yahoo.com

2. Angelina Wamalwa

Bungoma Organization for Empowerment of Women (BOEW)

0712112850Boew2005@yahoo.com

3. Daniel Wanjama Seed Savers Network (SSN) 0721618569seedsaversk@gmail.com

4. Margaret W. Muchendu (Manager)

Filadelfia Women Crisis Center 0720995189Margeietich2@yahoo.com

5 Jacinta Nzila Matuu Vision Center 0713217154 / 0735513062jacintanzila@yahoo.commatuuvision@rocketmail.comBox 168-90119, Yatta

11.4 Statement on the SE4ALL National Implementation Plan

Kenya Civil Society Declaration on SE4ALL – The Waterbuck Declaration

By Eve Odete

38

Participants were briefed on the origin of the draft which they were to work on, refine and make it their own. They were informed that: a. The document will encompass thoughts and ideas from the previous workshops and amendments /suggestions by participants of this current workshop.

b. Participants suggested that we should not stick on women and children as the sole target. (Others said it should stick as this particular group requires special attention as they are the most affected)

c. It was pointed out that the government focuses on large scale industries, therefore small scale manufacturers should be targeted because they are more disadvantaged but constitute a very large labor force.

d. Participants were interested in knowing whether the milestones were geared to monitor the implementation process.

e. It was noted that the declaration should take into account the cross sectoral nature of the collaboration required and not monitoring individual institutions.

f. Facilitators commended that they were very pleased with the turnout and enthusiastic energy of the participants.

g. As a way forward each participant was requested to send their signature and logo to SCODE and SCODE together with Practical Action should send the final and signed draft of the declaration to the participants and the Ministry of Energy.

12.0 Workshop evaluation summary

For evaluation of the workshop, participants were requested to each indicate only one aspect of the workshop that was very good and one that was not very good. The responses were as indicated in Table 15 and 16. Facilitation and information sharing were rated highest among the good aspects of the workshop while the short period of the workshop and location of the hotel were rated as the highest among the not very good aspects of the workshop.

Table 15 - Aspects of the workshop reported as very goodAspect Frequency Proportion (%)Facilitation 11 35.5Information sharing 9 29.0Time management 4 12.9Committed participants 3 9.7Everything was good 2 6.5Engagement of CSOs to review policy gaps 1 3.2Participatory/inclusive approach 1 3.2Total 31 100

Table 15 - Aspects of the workshop reported as not very goodAspect Frequency Proportion (%)Short period for the workshop with too 6 37.5

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much information to coverHotel located on noisy street hence not conducive for concentration

4 25.0

Sitting arrangement was not friendly, it disconnected the flow and participants’ concentration

2 12.25

Poor time management 1 6.25Not changing group composition to encourage more networking

1 6.25

Not having representation fron some counties

1 6.25

Power blackout was irritating 1 6.25Total 16 100

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13.0 Appendices

Appendix 1 - Workshop programme

Date: 13th – 14th December 2012: Venue: Hotel Waterbuck, Nakuru, KenyaDay 1: 13th December, 2012 Update of SE4ALL at

Global, Regional and National Scale

Time Activity Presenter/Resource person8:30 – 9:00 am Arrival and registration Josephine-SCODE9:00 – 9:30 am General introductions Facilitator – TDEC9:30 – 10:00 am Participants’ expectations/

Programme overview/ Workshop objectives

Facilitator – TDEC

10:00 – 10:10 am Welcome remarks John Maina – Ministry of Energy

10:10 – 10:40 am SE4ALL Kenya process presentation

John Maina – Ministry of Energy

10:40 – 11:00 am Q & A – plenary Facilitator – TDEC11:00 – 11:20 am Tea Break Josephine – SCODE11:20 – 11:40 am Welcome remarks:

Introduction to regional CSO energy access initiative

John Maina – SCODE

11:40 – 12:00 pm Q & A Facilitator – TDEC12:00 – 12:40 pm Overview of the SE4ALL

processLydiah Muchiri – Practical Action

12:40 – 1:00 pm Review of the gap analysis Facilitator – TDEC1:00 – 2:00 pm Lunch Break Josephine – SCODE2:00 – 3:30 pm Gap analysis group work –

continuationFacilitator – TDEC

3:30 – 4:00 pm Tea Break Josephine SCODE4:00 – 5:30 pm Group presentations Facilitator – TDECDay 2: 14th December 2012 Action to achieve

sustainable energy for all8:30 – 9:00 am Recap Day 19:00 – 10:30 am Develop national advocacy

strategy: Formulate and agree to joint objectives, actions and processes to influence the national implementation plan

a. Overview of the national plan guidelines

b. Proposed activities of the regional CSO advocacy initiative

Lydia Muchiri - PAEAEve Odete - PAEAFacilitator - TDEC

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c. Group work 10:30 – 11:00 am Tea Break Josephine – SCODE11:00 – 1:00 pm Group Presentations Eve Otete – PAEA01:00 – 2:00 pm Lunch Josephine – SCODE02:00 – 3:00 pm Development of a two page

statement on the national implementation plan

Eve Odete – PAEA

03:00 – 4:30 pm Formation of a SE4ALL National CSO Platform: Structures, activities, processes and coordination.

John Maina - SCODE

04:30 Tea Break and Departure ALL

Appendix 2 – Participants’ expectation

To learn more about SE4ALL program. To understand the Government of Kenya plans & strategies on green energy access by

communities. To learn new approaches about civil society participation in creating a reliable

platform as far as the SE4ALL initiative is concerned. To know more on how we can improve energy access in our communities and

implement the same. To interact with experts on solar lanterns and best approaches of diffusion of the solar

technologies to communities. To network, interact and learn more from other organizations. To come up with a statement directed to the Ministry of Energy on the CSO’s stand

on matters of SE4ALL and the potential to work with the government. To meet other organizations involved in the renewable energy sector in order to form

effective partnerships. To learn more on how to develop strategies to enhance community participation in

SE4ALL initiative. To learn more about SE4ALL from the diverse group of participants. To share ideas and come up with a feasible National Implementation Plan (NIP) that

will propel my County to the next level in renewable energy use. To network with other organizations. To find out where we are in the journey towards SE4ALL in Kenya and what is

expected of us to catalyze the process. To learn how to create an advocacy process towards influencing policies on energy. To learn how to partner with others in dissemination of clean energy technologies to

the poor rural communities. To come up with a National Action Plan on how CSOs will engage effectively with

the SE4ALL led by the National Government and the UN. To share ideas on how to effectively implement resolutions made before and now, and

get people to adopt the new alternative energy sources. To exchange ideas on sustainable energy technologies and energy policy

implementation. To share experiences with other participants. To understand the proposed contribution of CSOs in the National Implementation

Plan (NIP) of the SE4ALL initiative.

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To hear about lessons learnt by various institutions in proposing energy related programmes.

To learn more on sustainable energy for vulnerable communities. To network and identify possible partnership areas. To know more on sustainable energy. To learn about the available support from the Ministry of Energy and other partners to

the other organizations that deal with renewable energy. To understand my role in the SE4ALL initiative. To identify a new network of colleagues in the sustainable energy sub-sector. To learn how the SE4ALL programme will be disseminated at the grass roots to

achieve meaningful impact and how to form strong teams to steer the process. To find out if we can get funding from SCODE, Practical Action and other

organizations for implementing the SE4ALL programme activities. To make new partnerships with other energy organizations. To gain more insights on SE4ALL and my role as a human rights organization in this

campaign.

Appendix 3 - SE4ALL Kenya Process - Stock taking and gap analysis of the energy sector

By John K. Maina and Faith Odongo

The Ministry of Energy was represented by John Maina. who took participants through what the Ministry has done so far concerning policies, legislations, current projects, achievements to date as far as SE4ALL is concerned and the way forward. The detailed power point presentation was as presented below.

a. Policy development Energy policy, 2004 (Under Review) – liberalization of the electric power sector Energy Act, 2006 – Under review Feed-in Tariffs policy- private sector participation Solar water heating regulations Energy management regulations Ethanol blending

b. Resource assessment Upgraded high resolution Solar & Wind Resource Atlas Feasibility studies on small hydro power Co-generation feasibility studies Geothermal resource assessment Petroleum resource assessment

c. Rural electrification Extension of the grid Hybrid off-grid electricity supply systems using both renewable sources and diesel Solar PV for institutions Ready boards for power supply in slum areas – pre-manufactured distribution

board

d. Energy efficiency

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Conducting energy audits in industry and water utilities Promoting improved institutional stoves

e. Currently developing standards for: Biogas Small hydro power Improved stoves

f. Gender mainstreaming A Gender audit on Energy Policy - 2007 Kenya Power- first energy utility to develop GM Strategy in the Region

g. Kenya Constitution Article 6 (3): A national state organ shall ensure reasonable access to services in all

parts of the republic so far as it is appropriate and having regard to the nature of the service

o Energy services are essential to spur income-generating activities that alleviate poverty

The bill of rights, article 42 guarantees every person the right to a clean and healthy environment

o Citizenry need to access modern energy as a way of improving livelihoods

h. Current situation on energy access Majority of households have no access to modern thermal energy services and rely on

traditional biomass In 2006 only 0.6 % and 3.5 % of households were using electricity and gas

respectively for cooking:o In urban areas, 1.8 % and 11.9 % of households used electricity and gas

respectively for cooking. o In the rural areas, 0.2 % of the households used electricity while 0.7 % used

gas Access to modern energy is limited by high prices of the energy and appliances,

inadequate supply and infrastructure.

i. Current situation on energy efficiency Study by KIPPRA shows that 70% of energy consumers do not practice any

efficiency and conservation. About 50% and 20% of fuel wood and charcoal users respectively do not apply any

efficiency measures. Barriers to energy efficiency and conservation:

o high cost of introducing technologieso lack of awareness on available opportunitieso inadequate fiscal incentiveso inadequate credit and financing mechanismso inadequate capacity for enforcement of the regulationso standards, regulations and codes of practice.

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j. Current situation on renewable energy The share of renewable electrical energy supplied to the grid in 2010/11 was 68%

while 32 % was from fossil fuel The capacity of off-grid electricity installed is 18 MW and the effective is 14MW Renewable energy is being incorporated in the existing off-grid systems with the view

of displacing the fossil fuel. The solar contribution is 40 kW while the wind contribution is 500 kW The ongoing project target is to introduce 30% of Renewable Energy (solar and wind)

in existing and planned mini-grids.

k. Problem statements on energy access, efficiency and renewables Very low renewable energy resources potential developed for power generation,

o Total potential is 19,200 MW out of which only 5 % (960 MW) is developed Declining share of renewable energy in electricity generation due to reduced output

from hydro-power. Slow pace of geothermal power development Low penetration of electricity currently at 23 % nationally Over reliance on biomass energy as a source of cooking and heating fuel, particularly

in rural areas Continued use of inefficient firewood and charcoal stoves Limited access to clean energy leading to heavy reliance on kerosene for cooking and

lighting Low uptake of renewable energy technologies Fluctuations in supply and prices of LPG limiting its usage Inadequate practices of energy efficiency in households, institutions and industry Lack of implementation of legal provisions on energy efficiency in the transport

sector Lack of data on energy availability and use in various sectors

l. SE4ALL goals: Energy access and efficiency and renewable energy To improve the household connectivity from 23 % to 40 % by 2020 and 100 % by

2030 To make Kenya kerosene free by 2020 by availing alternative modern energy services To attain 100% use of improved institutional cook stoves by 2020

m. SE4ALL target milestones To increase adoption of efficient charcoal stoves from 50% to 80% by 2020 in urban

areas To increase adoption of efficient fuel wood stoves in rural areas from the current 4%

to 30% by 2020 To increase the efficiency of the improved charcoal stove from the current 30 - 35%

to 45-50% by 2020 To reduce electricity losses in the grid from the current 16.2 % to 13.5% by 2020 To achieve 100% energy efficient lighting systems by 2020 To switch to 100% energy efficient transformers by 2030 To generate 300 MW through cogeneration in the sugar industry by the year 2030 To develop 5000 MW of geothermal capacity by 2030 To introduce 30% renewable energy in the existing and planned min-grids by 2020 To increase the capacity contribution by renewable energy FiT plants to 10% by 2020

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To attain sustainable biomass fuel production in all counties by 2030 To make ERC a one stop shop for energy data by 2018 Country opt-in: the government of Kenya wrote a letter to New York accepting to

participate in SE4All initiative The Ministry of Energy as the designated government agency to lead the SE4All

process has formed a technical committee In June 2012: UN Resident Coordinator constituted A Task Force for SE4ALL, with

R.C as the Chair of the Task Force. The first draft report of stocktaking and gap analysis of the energy sector completed Stakeholder validation workshop held on 13th June 2012 Stakeholders volunteered to support fine-tuning the draft report The Ministry has acquired funds from UNDP to finalize the gap analysis document

n. Way forward Finalize the stocktaking and gap analysis report by end of December 2012 Embark on preparation of the National Implementation Plan

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Appendix 4 - Guidelines on action plan preparation By Lydia Muchiri, Practical Action – East Africa

Participants were informed that the guidelines for preparation of implementation plans are the outcomes of a series of SE4ALL consultative meetings organized by the New Partnership for African Development (NEPAD) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Because SE4ALL is a global agenda, each continent is localizing SE4ALL within their own context, so that stakeholders know how to approach the process for maximum impacts. A regional workshop for Africa was organized in Nairobi, in September 19-21, 2012 and was attended by representatives of many African governments. They agreed on a set of guidelines so that each country in Africa will be required to adopt and use the guidelines for preparing their own National Implementation Plan after the GAP Analysis process is finalized.

The regional workshop participants agreed that each country must develop implementation plans to address all the three sustainable energy components: i.e.

Ensuring universal energy access Doubling the rate of improvement in energy efficiency Doubling the share of renewable energy

These must be reflected in the national implementation plans. The plans must set national targets, programs and activities, articulate the different roles of stakeholders particularly the three pillars i.e. Civil Society Organizations, Private sector & Government, mainstream gender and environment in the plans, analyze and prioritize the issues and incorporate monitoring and evaluation protocols and indicators for assessing impact of implementation of the programs as detailed below.

a. Set National Targets

For each of the three SE4ALL sub-components Informed by the global SE4ALL goals With specified timelines (2015/2020/2030…..) Need to build on existing projects on a national level Take into consideration potential resource requirements:

o Technical, financial, and national resources availableo Take into consideration institutional capacity – do we have the capacity to

absorb the financial resources, e.g. legal frameworks etc.

b. Programs/Actions in SE4ALL Sectoral Areas

Taking note of Broad agreement with 7 sectoral areas (list here) proposed in original SE4ALL guidelines:

i. Capture multiple impacts: One sectoral action could have associated impacts in more than one SE4ALL goal (e.g. improved cookstoves impacts on energy access as well as energy efficiency).

ii. Capture existing/ongoing programmes/activities together with new/proposed programmes/activities in each sectoral area.

47

iii. There is a need for clear linkages, vertical and horizontal – institutional arrangements, e.g. NEPAD, UNDP, etc.

c. Gender and environment

Consider gender mainstreaming in the development and implementation of National Implementation Plans and recognize sustainable development principles including the important linkages between gender equality and energy access.

Consider concept of a healthier energy access ecosystem as a guideline – plans should be flexible enough to be supported by everyone and incorporate a range of technologies and actors.

Give sufficient weight to the development of clean biomass, including co-generation, efficient stoves, gasification, etc.

Incorporate capacity building and knowledge sharing.

d. Stakeholders and roles

Consider the role of all relevant stakeholders, including civil society and the private sector in planning and implementation

Identify key actors and responsibilities for each proposed programme Give consideration to private sector participation – to give a commercial approach Recognize the role of research and development and information documentation for

planning purposes Ensure strong cross-sectoral cooperation (e.g. Ministry of Transport) in development

of the implementation plans.

e. Analysis & priorities

Evaluate and prioritize programmes/actions on the basis of:o Expected impact (Social, Economic, Environmental, Financial etc.)o Sustainabilityo Regional dimension/synergies

Action plan should be guided by total energy access as a concept: from distribution to meet all the energy needs of households, industry and agricultural usage – not to marginalize any energy services

There is need to reconcile targets and goals at the Regional Bodies level with those at country level

Consider alternative scenarios and assumptions

f. Monitoring and evaluation

The action plans should include Monitoring and Evaluation criteria to be used for measuring progress and impact.

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Appendix 5 – Kenya civil society declaration on SE4ALL

Kenya Civil Society Declaration on SE4ALLWe, Civil Society Organisations working in Kenya, having met in Nakuru, Kenya from 13th to 14th December 2012, reaffirm the urgent need to scale up the wide range of sustainable energy programmes in the country to contribute to meeting the enormous challenge of widening access to modern energy services for the unreached and underserved, with special emphasis on women and children, to truly transform the energy access in Kenya.

We recognise The UN Sustainable Energy for All Initiative as a global force forcatalysing the efforts of various stakeholders around achieving Energy for All by2030: setting targets around Universal Energy Access, Renewable Energy and EnergyEfficiency. In this regard, we applaud the commitment of the government of Kenya to carry out a ‘Gaps Analysis’ and subsequently develop a ‘National Implementation Plan’ in line with the Sustainable Energy for All initiative.

We further recognise the various broader regional and global energy accessinitiatives such as the East Africa community regional access strategy; Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves; Rio+ 20 Conference and the 2012 International year for sustainable energy for all. We also acknowledge efforts of the broader climate adaptation and mitigation community, and the associated policy processes such as the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

We recognize that achievement of Universal Energy Access will require moresupportive policies, increased financing, and greater participation of CSOs atnational, regional and international levels. We are committed to translating thesenational and global objectives to widen access to modern energy services to tangible action on the ground, in partnership with all stakeholders, locally, nationally, regionally and internationally.

49

We call on the Government of Kenya to:Increase their support to the development and effective implementation of energy policies and regulations, provide financing for pro-poor sustainable energy, and commit to implementation plans that include:

Targets, including numbers of people, and the quantity /quality of energy, forhouseholds, enterprises/productive uses and community services (at least health, education, water pumping, street lighting and local government) in the following areas:

Electricity (from on or off-grid sources)Clean cooking (consideration of fuels, stoves and indoor air pollution)Mechanical power – particularly relevant for agro-production/ processing, andsmall-scale manufacturing

Milestones towards the achievement of energy access and efficiency and renewable energy targets that can be monitored by all, including civil society.

Championing the cause of gender mainstreaming in the planning and implementation of SE4ALL initiatives.

Clear strategies and plans to ensure universal access to energy for households, enterprises and community services.

A plan for finance, investments, subsidies and incentives that will support theachievement of universal energy access addressing the needs of energy suppliers and consumers and adequately reflecting the need for decentralized options. This should include the division of financing between grid and off-grid that will be required to achieve the targets.

Review of subsidies; supporting renewable energy and energy access and efficiency for the poor in addition to fossil fuels use.

Inclusion of support to decentralized and renewable energy entrepreneurs including production, operation and maintenance and job creation.

A plan for building the capacity of a range of energy actors including thegovernment, private sector, civil society, small enterprises, householdsusers, academia.

A plan for multi-stakeholder monitoring and evaluation, and use of tracking systems in the implementation of the SE4ALL initiative,

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Consultation with private sector and civil society as part of the strategy for how the plan will be rolled out with civil society being recognized as central to design and delivery of sustainable energy for all.

Plans to integrate with other sectors and policies such as environment, agriculture, natural resource management, health etc.

We call upon member states of the East African Community and the African Union to:

Devise innovative means to finance energy projects and create a conduciveenvironment to attract investment from both private and private/public partnerships to the energy sector.

We call upon international development partners to develop finance mechanisms that are responsive to Africa’s sustainable energy needs.

SignedHerbert Orwa

EPADA

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Appendix 6 – Members of the gap analysis and CSOs strategy formulation groups

Group 1 – Energy access Group 2 – Energy efficiency Group 3 – Renewables

1. Eston Njuki2. Pauline Kiambi3. Noah Lusaka4. Peter Kariuki5. Julius Ochieng6. Daniel Wanyama7. Patrick Rukungu8. Ann Njambi9. Caroline Ouko

1. Benard Ndung’u2. Herbert Orwa3. Margaret Muchendu4. Lydia Gachuki5. Margaret Odero6. Hosea Mboga7. Adow Abdullahi8. Musungu Wycliffe9. Jechoniah Kitala10. Okumu Sylvester

1. Angelina Wamalwa2. Jacinta Nzilani3. Ebla Hassan4. Wamae Ephantus5. Bonface Muriithi6. Mohammed Oluna7. Joyce Mwangi8. Julius Gathumbi9. Johnson Kimani

Appendix 7 - County focal points

County Focal point Full names of organizations1. Nyandarua SOREC Social Reform Centre2. Mandera PAH Pastoralists Against Hunger3. Nyeri KISI Kiini Sustainable Initiative4. Vihiga EPADA Empowerment and Participatory Development

Agency5. Bungoma BOEW Bungoma Organization for Empowerment of

Women6. Kisumu UHAI Uhai Lake Forum7. Kakamega ADO Abalekwa Development Organization8. Machakos MVC Matuu Vision Centre9. Kajiado ABC-K Association of Biogas Contractors – Kenya10. T/Taveta VYF Voi Youth Forum11. Nairobi KCCWG Kenya Climate Change Working Group12. Muranga SEPP Social Empowerment Promotional Programme13. Nakuru SSN Seed Savers Network14. Siaya CXL15. Laikipia EFEWS16. Garissa NEGEI North Eastern Global Energy Initiative17. Kiambu VEP Visionary Empowerment Programme18. Kirinyaga ISAK Improved Stoves Association of Kenya19. Baringo ALIN Arid Lands Information Network20. H/Bay ALIN Arid Lands Information Network21. Kitui ALIN Arid Lands Information Network22. Uasin Gichu ABC-K Association of Biogas Contractors – Kenya23. Wajir NEGEI North Eastern Global Energy Initiative24. Embu ISAK Improved Stoves Association of Kenya25. Meru ISAK Improved Stoves Association of Kenya26. Isiolo MIDP Merti Integrated Development Program

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27. Busia ARDAP29. Migori AGRINFO-K30. Makueni MAKIKA

(0726-287833)

Appendix 8 - Other energy related CSOs in the counties to be contacted

County Organization ContactKiambu Kenya High Yield Farmers (Kiambu) Mr. Kimani

0725 574044Visionary Empowerment Programme (VEP)Improved Stoves Association of Kenya

Ephantus Wamae0725478802jeffaphan@yahoo.com

Social Empowerment Promotional Program (SEPP)

Sepp_org@yahoo.com.au0729 706 330; Patrick Rukungu0716 254 570patrickrukungu@yahoo.co.ke

Machakos Jacinta Nzilani1. Matuu Vision Center2. Woni Women Group3. Nthukye Nguthukye4. Yatta Team CBO5. Kakims CBO6. Kaluluini CBO7. Dascuco CBO8. MCDA Kikesa

9. Makika CBO 0726 287 833Mandera NEP

Pastoralists Against HungerAdow Abdullahi Baron0724 894 907adowmero@yahoo.com

Wajir NEP

Mercy Group Adan Sambul Abdi0723 918 667Sambul09@ovi.com

Nakuru Network for Eco-Farming - NECOFA Samuel Karaja (0722)Youth Governance and Environmental Programme (Y-gep)

Patrick Githinji 0722 611 262

Friends of Mau Forest (Fomawa) 0723 026 998; Mary Kiai

Filadelfia Women Crisis Center Margaret muchendu0720995189

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Northeastern Global Energy Initiative 0725708408 / ridwandakane@gmail.comElba Hassan

Renewable Energy Engineering Contractors

0711502579recon@mitsuminet.com

Hahira Farm Community Energy Programme

khahirafarm@gmail.com; Anne Njambi; 0720333727

KIMA 0721221998; EmuhayaEPADA: Empowerment & Participatory Development Agency

Box 1379-30500Maragoli: Epada_kenya@yahoo.com

AGRINFO-KKakamega Ekero Jiko Sales 0722247069

1. Retech Energy Center2. Westnet3. Wolee Women Group4. Ilesi Pottery Group5. Mulachake Women Group6. Riverside Self Help Group7. Eshinani Women Group8. Chubulu Women Group9. Keyo Women Group10. Husuma Women Group11. MwangaEmpowerment for Sustainable Livelihood Community based organizations (ESL – Kenya)Sustainable Agriculture Community Development Programme (SADED-Kenya)Youth Action for Rural Development (YARD)

Nairobi Kenya Climate Change Working Group

Johnson Kimani; 0721309420Kimani.kinuthia@gmail.com

Christian Agricultural and Related Professional’s AssociationCARPA - (Charcoal, Firewood, Fireless cooker stoves)

carpakenya@yahoo.comFridah Mugo, 0710806139

Nyeri Kiini Sustainable Initiative Bonface Muriithi; 0724774786murebon@yahoo.com

Pamoja Development Community Jesse Kioria; 0722535987

Jitahidi Women Group Susan; 0728224715

Ray of Light Youth GroupYoungshakers Youth Group

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Kajiado Association of Biogas Contractors of Kenya (ABC-K)Christian Women AssociationAnita Children HomeSt Pauls Home

Kisumu Uhai Lake Forum Margaret O. Odero / Dr. K’Apiyo0723508134

Solar Plus Techniques 0715850905; Julius O. OchiengJotieno99@yahoo.com;

Keyo Women GroupBAMATONyakach Community Development Association (NYACODA)

Japheth Kokal

ECODEP Mary MisiawiOsienalaFriends of Lake Victoria

Dr. Obiero Ong’nga

Appendix 9 – Workshop evaluation summary

What was very good about the workshop What was not good about the workshop The interactions were very good Sharing of information and ideas Inclusion of CSOs in reviewing the

energy policies Information sharing Facilitation was good Facilitators were focused It was informative from a range of

experts in different energy fields Learning that there are many energy

sources but affordability is the problem

Interaction was excellent Group discussions were very

fruitful Time keeping was very good The facilitation process was

excellent The facilitators tried to make the

process very clear Good facilitation and facilitators Time management was good The tight schedule was good A good facilitator on sustainable

energy issues

Venue was not conducive for concentration

Short period for the workshop and too much paperwork

Too much information to cover in a short time thus facilitators had to rush through

Short time considering amount of details required to review policies

Days were very few for such a workshop

Next time we meet make sure we keep time

Hotel located along a noisy street. Concentration during sessions was affected by vehicle noise

Sleep at night was also disturbed We should not have used same

groups on both days for group discussion

The sitting arrangement was not friendly. It disconnected the flow and participant’s concentration

Power blackout was irritating Ensure more days next time to

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Facilitation was very good Presentations were very good Excellent facilitation Sense of participation was adhered

to making the workshop enjoyable The facilitation was very good Well coordinated workshop Very educative workshop and gives

a lot of hope for the future in SE4ALL

Participants were very serious and committed

Passing of information through handouts was good

Participants were very committed Discussions were focused Everything was good Time management was good Workshop was very informative

and enjoyable Nothing was not good Participants were very good

enable participants to participate effectively

Sitting arrangement wasn’t favorable

The venue – accommodation the food and the cleanliness of the rooms were not good

There are some counties that were not represented such as Kericho, Narok, Bomet, Kisii and therefore plan to involve them in the next phase

Time allocated for discussion was too short

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Appendix 10 - List of participants: Kenya SE4ALL national workshopNAME ORGANIZATION DESIGNATION TELEPHONE EMAIL COUNTY

1 Daniel Wanyama Seed Savers Director 0721618569 seedsaversk@gmail.com Nyandarua2 Adow Abdullahi Pashal Agent Logistic 0724894907 adowmoro@yahoo.com Mandera3 Bonface Muriithi Kani Sustainable Programs Manager 0724774786 murebon@yahoo.com Nyeri4 Anne Njambi EPADA Program Officer 0720333727 epada_icenya@yahoo.com Vihiga5 Angelina Wamalwa BOEW Organizing Secretary 0712112850 Boew2005@yahoo.com Bungoma6 Julius O. Ochieng Solar Plus Tech Program Manager 0715850905 Jotieno99@yahoo.com Kisumu/Kakamega7 Jacinta Nzilani Matuu Vision Center Director 0713217154 matuuvision@rocketmail.com Machakos8 Bernard Ndungu VEP Director 0722317119 bndungu@vep.co.ke Kiambu9 Samson Ngure TDEC Research Assistant 0728366857 smugo@thuiya.co.ke Kajiado10 Dr. Fridah W. Mugo TDEC Director 0710806139 fridahmugo@yahoo.com Kajiado11 Pauline Kiambi SOREC Program Officer 0724434090 paulinekiambi@yahoo.com Nyandarua12 Sylvester Okumu Voi Youth Forum Env. Department Head 0722739099 sleverok@yahoo.com Taita-Taveta13 Festus A. Ashusome Abalekuia Development Ex-Director 0721550395 ashisoma@yahoo.com Kakamega14 Mohammed Olunga Ekero Jiko Sales Director 0722247069 m.olunga@yahoo.com Kakamega15 Johnson Kimani KCCWG-Energy Member/Energy Expert 0721309420 Kimani.kinuthia@gmail.com Nairobi16 John K. Maina Ministry of Energy PREO 0722655161 mainajkm@yahoo.com Nairobi17 Wamae Ephantus ISAK Executive Secretary 0725478802 jeffaphan@yahoo.com Muranga18 Noah Lusaka ALIN Project Manager 0725864880 nlusaka@alin.org Nairobi19 Eve Odete Practical Action Advocacy Consultant 0722661728 Eve-odete@practicalaction.or.ke Nairobi20 John Maina SCODE Coordinator 0722610105 scode@africaonline.co.ke Nakuru21 Herbert Orwa Climate-XL Africa Research Associate 0704222180 herbertorwa@climatexl.org Siaya22 Margaret Wambui FWCC Manager 0720995189 Margietich2@yahoo.com Nakuru23 Eston Njuki Christian Aid Programme Manager 0705215201 enjuki@christian-aid.org Nairobi24 Hosea Mboga SUPPA Officer 0723251307 mbogahosea@gmail.com Nakuru25 Caroline Ouko CETRAD Research Scientist 0714496686 c.ouko@cetrad.org Laikipia26 George Nyamu KENFAP Program Coordinator 0722360595 nyame@kenfapbiogas.org Nairobi27 Jechonia Kitala SNV Senior Advisor 0733608091 jkitala@snvworld.org Nairobi28 Joyce Mwangi ESI Kenya Programme Manager 0712966618 Joy_mwangi@yahoo.com Muranga29 Julius Gathumbi SCODE Project Officer 0722211062 juliusgathumbi@scode.co.ke Nakuru30 Peter Kariuki SCODE Gender Officer 0723134312 p.muhia@yahoo.com Nakuru31 Josephine Lettia SCODE 0700811101 joslettia@yahoo.com Nakuru32 Lydiah Gachuki Equator Fuel Wood Stoves Administration 0727585266 Equatorstove@yahoo.com Laikipia East-NYK33 Musungu Wycliffe ABC-K Chairman 0711502579 Bungoma34 Ebla Hassan ABC-K Member 0725708408 ndwandakane@gmail.com Garissa35 Patrick Rukungu SEPP Officer 0716254570 patrickrukungu@yahoo.com Muranga36 Anastacia Kamau SCODE Operations Officer 0726026755 Anastacia.kamau@scode.co.ke Nakuru37 Eve Odete Practicalaction - EA Advocacy Consultant 0722661728 Eve-odete@practicalaction.or.ke Nairobi38 Lydiah Muchiri Practical Action – EA Lydia.muchiri@practical action.or.ke Nairobi39 John Maina SCODE Coordinator 0722610105 scode@africaonline.co.ke Nairobi

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