Do you know…Write your best guess.

1. What is the world population?

2. How many people live in the United States?

3. What is the population of Texas?

4. What is the population of San Antonio?

• “Dot movie” – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4BbkQiQyaYc

• Population time-line – http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/worldbalance/numbers.html

Human Geography

Studying Population

What is the Census?

• The census is a count of everyone living in the United States every 10 years.

• The census is required by the U.S. Constitution.

• The last census was in 2010.

• Your participation in the census is required by law.

• The first Census was conducted in 1790 and has been carried out every 10 years since then.

Objectives

• How do geographers study population?

• What are some important trends in world population?

How do geographers study population?

• Geographers use demography- statistical study of human populations

• They also consider population density-how crowded your area is

Population Density

• Population density is calculated by dividing the population by the area in square miles.

population people per square milearea

=

United States Population Density

319,030,322

3,541,447 mi2=

90 people per square mile

3,855,103 mi2

34,300,083 =

for Canada:

for China:

1,355,692,576

=3,705,407 mi2366 people per

square mile

9 people per square mile

China vs. Canada

Where did you notice great clusters of population?

• China

• India

• Europe

• Northeast United States

How do people decide where to live?

• Climate

• Fertile land (arable)

• Freshwater and Natural Resources

• Landforms

World Population

• World population is increasing rapidly.

• What do geographers look at to determine a change in population?

• Birthrate- how many born

• Death rate- how many died

• Migration- moving from one place to another

Studying Population

• Studying natural population increase looks at birthrate and death rate

United States 1960 2006 2012

Birthrate (per 1000)

23.7 14.3 13.7

Death rate (per 1000) 9.5 8.1 8.4

Natural Increase 14.2 6.2 5.3

Population Pyramids: Rapid Growth

Population Pyramid: Slow Growth

Population Pyramids: Negative Growth

Migration

Emigrants vs. Immigrants

Emigrants

Immigrants

People who leave a country to live in another

People who come to a new country to live

Migration: Why do people move?

• Pull Factors- attracts people to a new location

– Freedom, jobs, economic reasons, climate, education, physical geography

Migration: Why do people move?

• Push Factors- causes people to leave a location

– lost job, lack of opportunity, environmental conditions, political unrest, persecution

Migration: Why do people move?

• Refugees- People that are forced to leave and cannot return

• Reasons for Population Growth:– agricultural advances lead to increased food

production– medical advances lead to better health care,

which allows people to live longer– sanitation advances lead to cleaner living

conditions, which help people stay healthy

World Population Trends

World Population Trends

• Economic development results in lower population growth rates

– This is expressed in the Demographic Transition which shows the change in birthrate and death rate of countries as they become more advanced

– There are four stages of transition

http://uccpbank.k12hsn.org/courses/APEnvironmentalScience/course%20files/

multimedia/lesson33/animations/3a_demographic_transition.html

Demographic Transition

Demographic Transition

-High birthrate and high deathrate

In an agricultural or preindustrial society, which lacks social support systems (Social Security, Medicaid, pensions, etc.), people tend to have larger families, both to help with the farm work and to ensure (hopefully!) that the parents will be cared for when they are older.

Stage 1 – Preindustrial—Low population growth

Demographic Transition

-High birthrate and low deathrate

As industrialization begins, better medicine and nutrition lead to longer lifespans.

Stage 2 – Transitional—Rapid population growth

Demographic Transition

Stage 3 – Industrial—Slow population growth

-Declining birthrate and low death rate

As industrialization continues, people tend to move to urbanized areas to work. Large families cease to be an economic asset and begin to be burdensome, as living spaces shrink and costs (education, medical care, etc.) increase.

Demographic Transition

-Low birthrate and low death rate

Occurs in developed nationsOver time, birthrates may fall behind death rates. The result is a shrinking population

Stage 4 – Post-industrial—No or negative population growth

Demographic Transition

PopulationPopulation PyramidsPyramids

One of the most useful tools for geographers are population pyramids. These graphic tables help us study the demography of a given population. Demography means the study of populations. Population pyramids can show you at a glance how many people are of a certain sex and age group in any geographic location. Above you can see how a population pyramid is set up.

# of MALES # of FEMALESAGE

Groups

Number of People (hundreds, thousands, millions, etc.)

Understanding Population Pyramids

• http://ed.ted.com/lessons/population-pyramids-powerful-predictors-of-the-future-kim-preshoff

The first population pyramid we will look at will be from the year 2014 and it shows the population of the United States. On the left side you can see the number of men in each age group and on the right you can see the same information for women.

What age group has the greatest difference in number between men and women?

Now lets look at another country. Nigeria is a country in west Africa with much less wealth and economic development than the USA. What are some of the differences between the populations of Nigeria and the United States? What might be some possible reasons for this?

Now let’s compare two more countries. To the left is the country of Iceland and the country of India. While there is subtle differences in the shape of the two pyramids there is one MAJOR difference that will mean big challenges for India’s future. What is it?

Afghanistan is country in Central Asia which has experienced non-stop war over the last 30 years. The USA and its allies invaded Afghanistan in 2001 in response to the Afghanistan’s government support of terrorism. How will the population change over the next 30 years? What will have to be built to accommodate this growth?

Japan, unlike Afghanistan, has enjoyed tremendous prosperity and economic growth since the end of WWII. These two pyramids show one of the problems Japan is facing today and will certainly have to address in its future.

How is Japan’s challenges different from Afghanistan’s?

* Rapid growth

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